Konstantin Mušicki (Serbian Cyrillic: Константин Коста Мушицки; 7 April 1897 – 17 July 1946) was a Yugoslav brigadier general who commanded the collaborationist Serbian Volunteer Corps during World War II. He was captured by the British Army at the end of the war, but was subsequently handed over to the Yugoslav authorities, who tried and executed him for war crimes.
Kosta Mušicki | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Birth name | Konstantin Mušicki |
| Nickname(s) | Kosta |
| Born | 7 April 1897 Slavonski Brod, Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 17 July 1946 (aged 49) Belgrade, PR Serbia, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia |
| Allegiance | |
| Years of service | 1914–45 |
| Rank | Brigadier general |
| Commands | Serbian Volunteer Corps |
| Battles / wars | World War II in Yugoslavia |
Early life
editKosta Mušicki was born on 7 April 1897 in Slavonski Brod, Austria-Hungary (now in Croatia) to Milutin and Jelena Mušicki (née Mihailović).[1] An ethnic Serb, he began his military service in the Austro-Hungarian Army.[2] He later married and had two children.[1] During the interwar period, Mušicki served as an aide to King Alexander and Queen Maria. He joined the fascist Yugoslav National Movement (Serbian: Југословенски народни покрет, Збор, Jugoslovenski narodni pokret, Zbor) following the king's assassination in 1934.[3]
World War II
editMušicki was stationed in Slavonski Brod at the time of the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 and served as the Royal Yugoslav Army commander responsible for the railroad between Belgrade and Zagreb in the rank of colonel. He demonstrated his support for the Germans by helping their forces during the invasion. Yugoslavia was quickly conquered by the Axis powers and Mušicki remained in Slavonski Brod for several months after the conquest. He attempted to join the Ustaše Militia there, but was rejected. He went to Belgrade in mid-August, where he was received by Zbor leader Dimitrije Ljotić. On 6 October, Milan Nedić, the Prime Minister of the Axis-installed puppet Government of National Salvation, appointed Mušicki to lead the Serbian Volunteer Command (Serbian: Srpska dobrovoljačka komanda, SDK).[3] In the evening of November 31 1941 Chetnik commander Predrag Raković met with Mušicki in Čačak. Mušicki was in charge of forces of quisling government in destroying remnants of Yugoslav Partisans in western Serbia, following suppression of Uprising in Serbia. After the meeting, Raković wrote a report to Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović that destruction of communists was goal of both Chetniks, as well as Germans and Ljotić's men, so they became allies in this job.[4] Mušicki was involved in executing Serb civilians in the town of Čačak in December 1941.[5] He and Milan Aćimović contacted Draža Mihailović on 5 December, possibly in an effort to warn him in advance of the assault the Germans had planned, codenamed Operation Mihailovic.[6] This action prompted the Germans to question Mušicki's loyalty.[3] He was removed from command at the end of 1941 and imprisoned by the Germans, but was later freed at Nedić's intervention.[6]
In early 1943, the Serbian Volunteer Command was renamed the Serbian Volunteer Corps (Serbian: Srpski dobrovoljački korpus, SDK),[7] and placed under the direct command of General der Artillerie Paul Bader, the commanding general in Serbia. The SDK was not part of the SS, nor was it formally a part of the Wehrmacht. It was fed and clothed to German standards, with these expenses reimbursed to the Germans by the puppet government, who also paid the troops at the same rates as the Serbian police. The service oath of this latter SDK was amended to state that the members of the SDK would fight, to the death if necessary, both the Yugoslav Partisans and the Chetniks. Neither organisation was able to infiltrate the SDK due to its indoctrination with the ideas of Ljotić.[8] Mušicki was re-appointed as its commander in the rank of general.[9] The SDK was the only Serbian armed force that the Germans trusted during the war, and its units were often praised by German commanders for their bravery in combat.[10] Mušicki attempted to flee Yugoslavia towards the end of the war, but was captured by the British. He was extradited to Yugoslavia and placed on trial.[11] At his trial, he gave testimony about the involvement of Serbian volunteers in the Kragujevac massacre.[12] He was found guilty of collaborating with the Germans, sentenced to death,[11] and was executed by firing squad in Belgrade on 17 July 1946.[13]
Notes
edit- ^ a b Mihailović 1946, p. 507.
- ^ Tomasevich 2001, p. 190.
- ^ a b c Cohen 1996, p. 37.
- ^ Radanović 2016, p. 61.
- ^ Cohen 1996, p. 38.
- ^ a b Tomasevich 1975, p. 199.
- ^ Cohen 1996, p. 39.
- ^ Tomasevich 2001, pp. 189–190.
- ^ Tomasevich 2001, p. 199.
- ^ Tomasevich 2001, p. 191.
- ^ a b Halpern 1969, p. 376.
- ^ Antić 2012, p. 29.
- ^ Tomasevich 1975, pp. 461–462.
References
edit- Antić, Ana (2012). "Police Force Under Occupation: Serbian State Guard and Volunteers' Corps in the Holocaust". In Horowitz, Sara R. (ed.). Back to the Sources: Re-examining Perpetrators, Victims and Bystanders. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0-8101-2862-0.
- Cohen, Philip J. (1996). Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0-89096-760-7.
- Halpern, Joel M. (1969). "Yugoslavia: Modernization in an Ethnically Diverse State". In Vucinich, Wayne S. (ed.). Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. OCLC 652337606.
- Mihailović, Draža (1946). The Trial of Dragoljub–Draža Mihailović. Belgrade: Documentary Publications.
- Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0857-9.
- Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2.
- Radanović, Milan (2016). Kazna i zločin: snage kolaboracije u Srbiji: odgovornost za ratne zločine (1941–1944) i vojni gubici (1944–1945) [Punishment and Crime: Collaboration Forces in Serbia: Responsibility for War Crimes (1941-1944) and Military Losses (1944-1945)] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade, Serbia: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung. ISBN 978-86-88745-16-1.
