This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification, as its only attribution is to self-published sources; articles should not be based solely on such sources. (December 2013) |
Phil Karn (born October 4, 1956[citation needed]) is a retired[1] American engineer from Lutherville, Maryland.
Phil Karn | |
|---|---|
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Cornell University (1978) Carnegie Mellon University (1979) |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Website | https://www.ka9q.net/ |
Early life and education
editHe earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Cornell University in 1978 and a master's degree in electrical engineering from Carnegie Mellon University in 1979.[2]
Career
editAcademic career
editFrom 1979 until 1984, Karn worked at Bell Labs in Naperville, Illinois, and Murray Hill, New Jersey. From 1984 until 1991, he was with Bell Communications Research in Morristown, New Jersey.[2] From 1991 through to his retirement, he worked at Qualcomm in San Diego, where he specialized in wireless data networking protocols, security, and cryptography.
Amateur Radio Digital Communications
editHe is currently a board member and President Emeritus of Amateur Radio Digital Communications (ARDC), a non-profit foundation funded by the sale of part of its IP address space (44/8).[3] ARDC manages the remaining portion of its address space by providing financial grants to amateur radio, digital communications and related groups.[4]
Internet Engineering Task Force
editHe has been an active contributor in the Internet Engineering Task Force, especially in security, and to the Internet architecture. He is the author or co-author of at least 6 RFCs, and is cited as contributing to many more.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] He is the inventor of Karn's Algorithm, a method for calculating the round trip time for IP packet retransmission. In 1991, Thomas Alexander Iannelli's Master's thesis judged Karn's KA9Q NOS software as more suitable for deployment than an Air Force Institute of Technology packet radio system.[29] In 1990, Karn was one of the first to predict that the use of wired links for the Internet's "capillaries" would become "history" because most users would access it via wireless radio links.[2]
Amateur radio and KA9Q
editHe is well known in the amateur radio community for his work on the KA9Q Network Operating System (NOS), named after his amateur callsign. He also created early 9600 bit/s FSK radio modems. In the early 2000's, Karn worked to introduce forward error correction into Amateur radio satellites, applying it to the 400 bit/s PSK telemetry from the AO-40 satellite.[30] He won the 1989 Specific Achievement Award at the Dayton Hamvention.[2]
In 1994, Carl Malamud interviewed Karn on Internet Talk Radio for his "Geek of the Week" podcast. They talked about the KA9Q software, Qualcomm's CDMA radio technology for data transfer, the Globalstar low Earth orbit satellite radio system, Mobile IP, the Clipper chip, and encryption.[31] In June 2014, Karn was also interviewed for the History of the Internet Project, in which he described his contribution to the effort to reboot the 1978 International Sun/Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft. The ISEE-3 is also known as the International Cometary Explorer.[32]
Crypto export lawsuit
editIn 1994, the US State Department Office of Defense Trade Control ruled that while it was legal to export Bruce Schneier's "Applied Cryptography" book under the rules for munitions export, it was illegal to export the source code in the book on electronic media such as a floppy disk. The case was tried in Washington D.C. Federal District Court (1996), and the judge handed down a summary judgment in favor of the State Department. He ruled that the book and it contents were free to be exported, protected by free speech and press rights. The floppy disk, however, was a tool or instrument designed to produce functioning products (e.g. an encrypted computer) and as such was subject to the controls of the Export Control Act.[33]
Karn challenged this ruling, both in the courts and in testimony before Congress for two years, until Bill Clinton dropped almost all export controls on freely available crypto source code on January 14, 2000;[34] the judge mooted the case.[35]
References
edit- ^ "@ka9q" on Twitter
- ^ a b c d Rick Booth, KM1G (April 1990). "Future Shock: A Conversation with Phil Karn, KA9Q" (PDF). QST. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Who We Are | Amateur Radio Digital Communications". Retrieved January 18, 2021.
- ^ "General Granting Goals | Amateur Radio Digital Communications". Retrieved January 18, 2021.
- ^ Romkey, J. (June 1988). A Nonstandard for Transmission of IP Datagrams over Serial Lines: SLIP. doi:10.17487/RFC1055. RFC 1055. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Braden, R. (October 1989). Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Communication Layers. doi:10.17487/RFC1122. RFC 1122. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Braden, R. (October 1989). Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and Support. doi:10.17487/RFC1123. RFC 1123. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Tsuchiya, P. (April 1991). On the Assignment of Subnet Numbers. doi:10.17487/RFC1219. RFC 1219. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Simpson, W. (December 1993). PPP in HDLC Framing. doi:10.17487/RFC1549. RFC 1549. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Haller, N. (February 1995). The S/KEY One-Time Password System. doi:10.17487/RFC1760. RFC 1760. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Atkinson, R. (August 1995). Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol. doi:10.17487/RFC1825. RFC 1825. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Atkinson, R. (August 1995). IP Authentication Header. doi:10.17487/RFC1826. RFC 1826. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Atkinson, R. (August 1995). IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP). doi:10.17487/RFC1827. RFC 1827. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Metzger, P.; Simpson, W. (August 1995). IP Authentication using Keyed MD5. doi:10.17487/RFC1828. RFC 1828. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Karn, P.; Metzger, P.; Simpson, W. (August 1995). The ESP DES-CBC Transform. doi:10.17487/RFC1829. RFC 1829. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ "The ESP Triple DES Transform". IETF. September 1995. RFC 1851.
- ^ "IP Tunnelling". IETF. October 1995. RFC 1853.
- ^ "MIME Conformance". IETF. November 1996. RFC 2049.
- ^ "Options for Repair of Streaming Media". IETF. June 1998. RFC 2354.
- ^ "The ESP DES-CBC Cipher Algorithm". IETF. November 1998. RFC 2405.
- ^ "IP Encapsulating Security Payload". IETF. November 1998. RFC 2406.
- ^ "Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)". IETF. November 1998. RFC 2408.
- ^ "ICMP Security Failures". IETF. March 1999. RFC 2521.
- ^ Karn, P.; Simpson, W. (March 1999). Photuris: Session-Key Management Protocol. doi:10.17487/RFC2522. RFC 2522.
- ^ "Photuris: Extended Schemes and Attributes". IETF. March 1999. RFC 2523.
- ^ "zxc". IETF.
- ^ "TCP User Timeout Option". IETF. March 2009. RFC 5482.
- ^ "TCP Cookie Transactions". IETF. January 2011. RFC 6013.
- ^ Thomas Alexander Iannelli (December 1, 1991). Comparison of AFITPAC versus NOS, and a Packet Radio Network Design (Thesis). Defense Technical Information Center. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
DTIC ADA243766
- ^ James Miller, G3RUH (August 2003). "Oscar-40 FEC Telemetry". Amsat-UK's Oscar News. No. 161. pp. 18–22. Archived from the original on February 27, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Malamud, Carl (January 26, 1994). "Geek of the Week: Phil Karn". Internet Talk Radio. Internet Multicasting Service. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Karl Auerbach (July 20, 2014). "Phil Karn on the reboot of the 1978 International Sun/Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3)/ (International Cometary Explorer)". History of the Internet Project. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ "Memorandum Opinion of Charles R. Richey – United States District Court Judge". David Loundy's E-Law Web Page. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
- ^ US Department of Commerce. (January 2000). "Revised U.S. Encryption Export Control Regulations (January 2000)". Electronic Privacy Information Center. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
- ^ Karn, Phil (2010) [2000]. "The Applied Cryptography Case: Only Americans Can Type!". Retrieved January 6, 2014.
Sources
edit- "Phil Karn's page on the crypto export case". Retrieved February 6, 2008. : Self-published or questionable sources: http://www.ka9q.net/ is subject's personal web page.