Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet of Applegarth FRS FRSE FLS FSA (23 February 1800 – 21 November 1874) was a Scottish naturalist.[2][3] He is known for his editing of a long series of natural history books, The Naturalist's Library.
Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet | |
|---|---|
 Portrait, c. 1822[1] | |
| Born | 23 February 1800 Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Died | 21 November 1874 (aged 74) Sandown, Isle of Wight, England |
| Alma mater | Edinburgh University |
| Known for | Natural history |
Life and work
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Jardine was born on 23 February 1800 at 28 North Hanover Street[5] in Edinburgh, the son of Sir Alexander Jardine, 6th baronet of Applegarth and his wife, Jane Maule. He was educated in both York and Edinburgh then studied medicine at Edinburgh University.[6]
From 1817 to 1821 he lodged with Rev Dr Andrew Grant at James Square, an arrangement made by his father. Grant was minister of St Andrew's Church on George Street.[7]
In his early years, aged only 25, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being Sir David Brewster.[6]
He was a co-founder of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, and contributed to the founding of the Ray Society.[8] He was "keenly addicted to field-sports, and a master equally of the rod and the gun". While ornithology was his main passion, he also studied ichthyology, botany and geology. His book on fossil burrows and traces, the Ichnology of Annandale, included fossils from his ancestral estate.[9][10] He was the first to coin the term ichnology, and this was the first book written on the subject.[11] His private natural history museum and library are said to have been the finest in Britain.[12]
Jardine made natural history available to all levels of Victorian society by editing the hugely popular forty volumes of The Naturalist's Library (1833–1843) issued and published by his brother in law, the Edinburgh printer and engraver, William Home Lizars.[13] The series was divided into four main sections: Ornithology (14 volumes), Mammalia (13 volumes), Entomology (7 volumes), and Ichthyology (6 volumes); each prepared by a leading naturalist. James Duncan wrote the insect volumes. The artists responsible for the illustrations included Edward Lear.[14] The work was published in Edinburgh by W. H. Lizars. The frontispiece is a portrait of Pierre André Latreille.
His other publications included an edition of Gilbert White's Natural History of Selborne which re-established White's reputation, Illustrations of Ornithology (1825–1843), and an affordable edition of Alexander Wilson's Birds of America.
Jardine described of a number of bird species, alone or in conjunction with his friend Prideaux John Selby. He died on 21 November 1874 in Sandown, Isle of Wight.
Family and descendants
editHe was married to Jane Home Lizars, and through her was brother-in-law to John Lizars FRSE and William Home Lizars.[15] After Lady Jardine's death he married the daughter of the Rev. William Samuel Symonds, the well-known geologist.
Jardine's daughter, Catherine Dorcas Maule Jardine, married Hugh Edwin Strickland and produced many of the illustrations for Illustrations of Ornithology (identifiable by her initials, CDMS).
The Olympic rower Sir Matthew Pinsent is a direct descendant of Jardine.[16]
Bibliography
editJardine wrote many books and edited the series and wrote many of the books for The Naturalist's Library. The books are listed below by publication date with those of The Naturalist's Library under a separate heading.
- 1825 to 1843, Illustrations of Ornithology, written with Prideaux John Selby in four volumes:
- 1839, Illustrations of the British Salmonidae with Descriptions
- 1848, Contributions to Ornithology for 1848: Vols. I and II
- 1850, Contributions to Ornithology for 1850: Vols. III and IV
- 1851, The Natural History of Selborne, by Gilbert White with additions, supplementary notes a short biography of Reverend Gilbert White by Jardine
- 1853, Contributions to Ornithology for 1852: Vol. V
- 1858, Memoirs of Hugh Edwin Strickland, M.A.
The Naturalist's Library
editJardine edited the series of books that were published a part of The Naturalist's Library, and include (in the order in which they were published):[17]
- 1833, Ornithology: Humming Birds: Part I, by Jardine with a memoir of Carl Linnaeus
- 1833, The Natural History of Monkeys, by Jardine with a memoir of Comte de Buffon
- 1833, Ichthyology: British Fishes: Part II, by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of Alexander von Humboldt
- undated, Ornithology: Humming Birds: Part II, by Jardine with a memoir of Thomas Pennant
- 1834, Mammalia: Vol. II: The Felinae, by Jardine with a memoir of Georges Cuvier
- 1834, The Natural History of Gallinaceous Birds: Vol. I, by Jardine with a memoir of Aristotle
- 1835, The Natural History of Fishes of the Perch Family, by Jardine with a memoir of Joseph Banks
- 1835, Entomology: Vol. III: British Butterflies, by James Duncan with a memoir of Abraham Gottlob Werner
- 1836, The Natural History of Parrots, by Prideaux J. Selby with plates by Edward Lear and a memoir of Thomas Bewick
- 1836, Mammalia: Vol. V: Pachyderms, by Jardine with a memoir of Hans Sloane
- 1836, The Natural History of British Moths, Sphinxes, &c., by James Duncan with a memoir of Maria Sibylla Merian
- 1837, The Natural History of the Ordinary Cetacea or Whales, by Jardine with a memoir of Bernard Germain de Lacépède
- 1837, The Natural History of Foreign Butterflies, by James Duncan with a memoir of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
- 1837, The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa, by William Swainson with a memoir of François Levaillant
- 1838, The Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part I: Birds of Prey, by Jardine with a memoir of Robert Sibbald
- 1838, The Natural Arrangement and Relations of the Family of Flycatchers or Muscicapidae, by William Swainson with a memoir of Albrecht von Haller
- 1838, A History of British Quadrupeds, by William MacGillivray with a memoir of Ulisse Aldrovandi
- 1839, The Natural History of the Amphibious Carnivora, Including the Walrus and Seals, Also of the Herbivorous Cetacea, &c., by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of François Péron
- 1839, The Natural History of Dogs: Canidae or Genus Canis of Authors: Including Also the Genera Hyaena and Proteles: Vol. I, by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of Peter Simon Pallas
"Nest of the Common Humble-Bee (B. terrestris)", engraved by William Home Lizars - 1840, The Natural History of Dogs: Canidae or Genus Canis of Authors: Including Also the Genera Hyaena and Proteles: Vol. II, by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of Félix de Azara
- 1840, Introduction to Entomology, by James Duncan with memoirs of Jan Swammerdam and Charles De Geer
- 1841, The Natural History of Marsupialia or Pouched Animals, by G. R. Waterhouse with a memoir of John Barclay
- 1841, The Natural History of Horses: The Equidae or Genus Equus of Authors, by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of Conrad Gessner
- 1841, The Natural History of the Fishes of Guiana: Part I, by Robert H. Schomburgk
- 1841, The Natural History of Exotic Moths, by James Duncan with a memoir of Pierre André Latreille
- 1842, The Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part III: Rasores and Grallatores, by Jardine with a memoir of John Walker
- 1842, An Introduction to the Mammalia, by Charles Hamilton Smith with a memoir of Dru Drury
- 1843, Ichthyology: Fishes, Particularly Their Structure and Economical Uses, by J. S. Bushnan with a memoir of Hippolito Salviani
- 1843, The Natural History of the Fishes of Guiana: Part II, by Robert H. Schomburgk with a memoir of Johann Ludwig Burckhardt
- 1844, The Natural History of Game-Birds, by Jardine with a memoir of Stamford Raffles
- 1852, The Natural History of Beetles, by James Duncan with a memoir of John Ray
- undated, Ornithology: Pigeons, by Prideaux John Selby with a memoir of Pliny the Elder
- 1859, Entomology: Bees, by Jardine with a memoir of François Huber
- 1860, Ichthyology: British Fishes: Part I, by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of Guillaume Rondelet
- 1860, Ornithology: Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part IV, by Jardine with a memoir of Alexander Wilson
- 1862, Ornithology: Birds of Western Africa: Part I, by W. Swainson with a memoir of James Bruce
- 1864, The Natural History of the Nectariniadae, or Sun-Birds, by Jardine with a memoir of Francis Willughby
- 1866, Mammalia: Deer, Antelopes, Camels, &c., by Jardine with a memoir of Petrus Camper
- 1866, Mammalia: Goats, Sheep, Oxen, &c., by Jardine with a memoir of John Hunter
- 1866, Ornithology: Parrots, by Prideaux John Selby with a memoir of Thomas Bewick
- 1866, Ornithology: Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part II, by Jardine with a memoir of William Smellie
Later supplements include the following titles: The Natural History of Man, Humming Birds Volume 3 and a single volume that collated the memoirs of "great naturalists".
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ In Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, 21 February 1919.[1]
- ^ "The Late Sir William Jardine". Nature. 11 (265): 74. 26 November 1874. Bibcode:1874Natur..11Q..74.. doi:10.1038/011074a0.
- ^ "Papers of Sir William Jardine (1800-1874)". Archives Hub. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012.
- ^ "The Late Sir W. Jardine, Bart.", Illustrated London News, Saturday, 26 December 1874, page 609; Issue 1846
- ^ Edinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory 1800-1801
- ^ a b Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X.
- ^ William Jardine: A Life in Natural History by Christine Jackson
- ^ Osbert Salvin (Editor), Ibis, Quarterly Journal of Ornithology, Vol.V, 1875, page 522
- ^ Jardine, W. 1853. The Ichnology of Annandale; Or, Illustrations of Footmarks Impressed on the New Red Sandstone of Corncockle Muir.
- ^ Anon (26 November 1874). "The Late Sir William Jardine". Nature. 11 (265): 74. Bibcode:1874Natur..11Q..74.. doi:10.1038/011074a0.
- ^ Pemberton, S.G. and Pemberton E.A. 2017. doi:10.1080/10420940.2017.1380006 Sir William Jardine and the Ichnology of Annandale
- ^ Jackson and Davis, 2001.
- ^ Susan Sheets-Pyenson "War and Peace in Natural History Publishing: The Naturalist's Library, 1833-1843". Isis. 1981, v.72 (no. 261) pp.50-72.
- ^ Finn Sarah. 2022. “Hand-Colored Zoological Illustrations for ‘All Classes’ of British Society: The Publishing History of The Naturalist's Library 1833-1843.” Dissertation. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
- ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X.
- ^ "Matthew Pinsent", Who Do You Think You Are Magazine, retrieved 23 August 2012. In Who Do You Think You Are?, BBC, broadcast 18 October 2007.
- ^ Schomburgk, Robert H. (1843). Ichthyology: Vol. V: Fishes of Guiana: Part II, pp. i-iii]
External links
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- Obituary in Nature, Vol. 11, 74–76, 26 November 1874
- Obituary in Osbert Salvin (Editor), Ibis, Quarterly Journal of Ornithology, Vol. V, page 522, 1875
- Jackson, Christine Elisabeth; Davis, Peter (2001). Sir William Jardine: a life in natural history. Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-0164-0.
- Jardine, Sir William (1838). Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland. Part I. Birds of Prey. Vol. 9. Edinburgh: W. H. Lizars.
- "Sir William Jardine" lithograph by Thomas Herbert Maguire, printed by M & N Hanhart c. 1851 at the National Portrait Gallery
- Jardine, William (1833) The Natural History of Humming-Birds, Vol. 1 - digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library