52°29′56″N 1°55′35″W / 52.49888°N 1.92630°W
Soho Mint was created by Matthew Boulton in 1788[1] in his Soho Manufactory (grid reference SP051890) in Handsworth, West Midlands, England. A mint was erected at the manufactory containing eight machines, to his own patent design,[2] driven by steam engine, each capable of striking 70 to 85 coins per minute.
In addition to copper domestic coins, silver coins were made for some of the colonies, and various trade tokens and medals were struck.[3] Among the medals produced were the Seringapatam medal, made for the East India Company in 1801–2 to reward participants of the Battle of Seringapatam, and a medal for the Battle of Trafalgar, which Matthew Boulton produced at his own expense and gave to all those present at the 1805 battle.[4]
After the demise of the Soho Mint some of the machinery was bought at auction, in 1850, by the new Birmingham Mint of Ralph Heaton II.[5]
Cartwheel penny
editThe common coinage, copper halfpennies, was subject to severe counterfeiting. No copper coinage had been issued by the Royal Mint since 1754 apart from inadequate issues of halfpence and farthings from 1770 to 1775.[2]
In order to differentiate his proposed copper coins from counterfeits Boulton specified them as follows:[3]
- twopence
- 2 ounces (57 g) weight, diameter 8 to the foot (1.5 inches, 38 mm)
- penny
- 1 ounce (28 g), diameter 17 to two feet (1.4 inches, 36 mm)
- half-penny
- 1⁄2 ounce (14 g), diameter 10 to a foot (1.2 inches, 30 mm)
- farthing
- 1⁄4 ounce (7.1 g), diameter 12 to a foot (1 inch, 25 mm)
Their weight in pure copper should be so close to the intrinsic value of the material that counterfeiting would be uneconomic.[2] The diameter was made strictly defined by striking within a collar so that diameter, thickness and weight could be used to prove the quality of the metal.[2]
In 1797 the first, and only, copper twopence and the first penny coins were produced under contract although the smaller denominations did not follow until later.[6] These coins were comparatively large, having a broad raised rim with the inscription pressed below the surface and became known as the cartwheel pennies. Over 45 million were struck in two years.[7] The new copper coins were issued at the Soho Mint and by Charlotte Matthews in London who was the banker and business advisor to Watt and Boulton.[8]
See also
edit- British halfpenny coin regarding counterfeit coinage
- History of mints
- History of the British penny (1714-1901)
- Old Bess, a steam engine at the Mint
References
edit- ^ "Man Timeline". sohomint.info. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010.
- ^ a b c d Dickinson, H. W. (1937). Matthew Boulton. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ a b Old and New Birmingham: A History of the Town and its People, Robert Kirkup Dent, Published by Houghton and Hammond, Scotland Passage, Birmingham, 1880
- ^ Joslin, Litherland and Simpkin. British Battles and Medals. pp. 24 & 27. Published Spink, London. 1988.ISBN 0907605257
- ^ A Numismatic History of the Birmingham Mint, James O. Sweeny, The Birmingham Mint Ltd, 1981, ISBN 0-9507594-0-6
- ^ British Coins Market Values, Link House Magazines Ltd, 1993, ISBN 978-0-86296-125-1
- ^ Victor Skipp, A History of Greater Birmingham - down to 1830, 1980. ISBN 0-9506998-0-2
- ^ Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004). "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/70352. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/70352. Retrieved 7 January 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
External links
edit
- Britain's Cartwheel Coinage of 1797
- On Matthew Bolton and the Soho mint
- sohomint.info – A website celebrating Matthew Boulton, his mint and its products