Terrorism in Norway includes a list of major terrorist incidents where organized groups and lone wolves have tried carrying out attacks. In recent years, there has been a rise mostly of Islamic extremism and far-right violence and various groups have been suspected of terrorism plans.
The Norwegian Police Security Service are closely monitoring Islamist and far-right groups in Eastern Norway.[1]
21st century
editThe right-wing terrorist Philip Manshaus who was behind the Bærum mosque shooting in August 2019, admitted to have been in contact with the Nordic Resistance Movement prior to the attack, but was never accepted as a member.[2]
In November 2020 the Norwegian Police Security Service (PST) made an announcement about the general terrorist threat against Norway as moderate. The background for this was the 2020 Nice stabbing and 2020 Vienna attack. The Norwegian police considered it possible that someone would try to carry out terrorist acts in Norway, motivated by Islamist motives. The development in both France and Austria with the republishing of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy, and the debate this creates in Norway, may also help inspiring people to commit acts of terrorism. The police was temporarily armed for three weeks, but the arming was prolonged.[3]
List of terrorist incidents in Norway
edit| Date | Type | Dead | Injured | Details | Perpetrator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | Bombings | 0 | 0 | Several people were hurt by hand grenades and dynamite in Oslo by an unknown lone wolf extremist.[4] | Lone Wolf |
| 1973 | Attempted terror plot | 0 | 0 | A Palestinian terrorist group was present in Norway during the 1973 oil crisis, ready to strike against an oil refinery outside Tønsberg. Police raised the alarm after revealing the plot, causing the group to withdraw (the group instead attacked an oil installation in Singapore).[5] | Palestinian nationalists |
| 1976 | Attempted terror plot | 0 | 0 | In Stortorvet, two Mexican brothers were arrested, suspected to create a left-wing terrorist organisation in Europe. They were later arrested in Denmark and Sweden for terrorist offences, including a plan to kidnap Sweden's labour minister Anna-Greta Leijon. Eventually they were both expelled to Mexico and Cuba.[6] | Tomas and Jaime Okusono Martinez |
| 1977 | Bombing | 0 | 0 | A bookstore in Tromsø belonging to the Workers' Communist Party was severely damaged by a powerful bomb containing 10 kg of dynamite.[7][8] Two people narrowly avoided death as they left the room shortly before the explosion.[9] | Right-wing extremists (suspected) |
| 1 May 1979 | Bombing | 0 | 2 | A far-right political activist launched a bomb attack against a May Day workers parade in Oslo.[10] | Petter Kristian Kyvik |
| 2 July 1982 | Bombing | 1 | 11 | Oslo Central Station bombing: A bomb attack on the central train station of Oslo, killed one person and injured 11 others. An unnamed 18-year-old man was convicted, claiming he had extorted the Norwegian State Railways.[11] | Lone Wolf |
| 1984 | Bombing | 0 | 0 | The telecommunications bunker in Frogner Park was bombed and completely destroyed with dynamite. Right-wing extremists were thought to have perpetrated it. The authorities hid this from the public for a whole year as the telephone exchange contained equipment related to NATO.[12] | Right-wing extremists (suspected) |
| 1985 | Bombing | 0 | 1 | In 1985 the Ahmadiyya Muslim Nor mosque in Frogner in Oslo was blasted with dynamite. A 38-year-old woman received smoke inhalation injuries. The bomb was detonated by an activist from the National People's Party, which resulted in several other people from the party being arrested by the police. The arrested were also accused of bombing the Frogner Park telephone exchange in 1984 (see above).[13] | Right-wing extremists |
| 1988 | Attempted bombing | 0 | 0 | A time bomb made of 5 kg dynamite was discovered at an asylum centre in Evje. Right-wing extremists were suspected to be behind the planned attack.[14] | Right-wing extremists (suspected) |
| 11 October 1993 | Shooting, assassination attempt | 0 | 1 | In 1993 Aschehoug chief William Nygaard was shot three times in the back but survived. The attack is believed to be a result of Nygaard publishing and defending Salman Rushdie's controversial novel The Satanic Verses. The Norwegian newspaper editor Harald Stanghelle characterized the assassination as state terrorism. In 2018 PST charged two people for attempted murder or conspiracy of murder, and in 2021 it was revealed by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation that one of the suspected terrorists lives in Beirut, Lebanon named Khaled Moussawi.[15][16] | Khaled Moussawi (suspected) |
| 21 August 1994 | Bombing | 0 | 0 | On the night of 21st of August a right-wing extremist was suspected of a bomb attack against the Blitz house. No one was injured in the attack, but many windows in the neighbourhood were broken. The former neo-Nazi Johnny Olsen claimed that he was the one behind the attack.[17] | Johnny Olsen |
| 2003 | Bombing | 0 | 0 | A power charged dynamite exploded outside the Word of Truth church in Slemmestad. No one was killed or injured in the blast.[18] Serious damage was made to the building and its surroundings.[19] | Militants (suspected) |
| July 2006 | Shooting, assassination attempt | 0 | 0 | In July 2006 Arfan Bhatti was charged but not convicted for shots fired against the home of journalist Nina Johnsrud of the newspaper Dagsavisen.[20] | Arfan Bhatti |
| 2009 | Attempted terror plot | 0 | 0 | In 2009 the Norwegian Police Security Service actioned against 25 Islamists thought to have planned terror in Norway.[21] | Islamists |
| 2010 | Attempted terror plot | 0 | 0 | Islamist Mullah Krekar threatened to kill the prime minister of Norway Erna Solberg during a news conference in June 2010. On July 12, 2011, terrorism charges were filed against him.[22] | Mulla Krekar |
| 2010 | Attempted terror plot | 0 | 0 | 2010 Norway terror plot: Three Islamists were arrested and later convicted of terror plans.[23] | Al-Qaeda (suspected) |
| 22 July 2011 | Shooting, bombing | 77 | 319 | 2011 Norway attacks: 77 people were killed and at least 319 injured in two sequential attacks by Anders Behring Breivik.[24] | Anders Behring Breivik |
| 24 July 2014 | Attempted terror plot | 0 | 0 | 2014 Norway terror threat: Terror threats made by Jihadists from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) caused extraordinary short-term security measures in Norway.[25][26] | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant |
| 8 April 2017 | Attempted bombing | 0 | 0 | On 8 April 2017, in the aftermath of the 2017 Stockholm truck attack, a man was arrested and part of the Grønland district of Oslo closed off by police after a "bomb-like" device was found. The device was later demolished in a controlled explosion.[27] The man, a 17-year-old Russian citizen, was charged on 9 April with illegal possession of an explosive device. The man arrived in Norway as an asylum seeker in 2010, and was known to the Norwegian Police Security Service (PST) for having expressed support for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[28] | Islamic State (suspected) |
| 5 December 2018 | Attempted mail bombing | 0 | 0 | A 43-year-old man was sentenced to twelve years in jail for attempted mail bombing and three attempted murders, after he in 2018 sent a letter bomb to the police station in the centre of Ski. When the package was to be opened, a police officer suspected that something was wrong. The bomb squad arrived quickly at the scene, where they chose to neutralize the object by firing shots. No one was injured or killed during the incident.[29] | Right-wing extremist (suspected) |
| 10 August 2019 | Shooting | 1 | 1 (+1) | Bærum mosque shooting: A lone gunman Philip Manshaus opened fire in a mosque in Bærum, Norway, 20 kilometers outside of Oslo. He injured one person and at the time of the shooting there were three other people in the mosque. On 11 June 2020, Manshaus was found guilty of murder and terrorism and sentenced to 21 years in prison along with a provision that he should be imprisoned indefinitely if determined to be a threat to society.[30] | Philip Manshaus |
| 4 February 2021 | Attempted terror plot | 0 | 0 | The Norwegian Police Security Service arrested a 16-year-old Syrian male in Oslo the 4th of February, charged with preparation for an act of terrorism. The young man was held in custody and is not a Norwegian citizen. According to news media, Norwegian Police Security Service believes that the 16-year-old is a Jihadist and an Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant sympathizer and was planning to use poison to attack random civilians.[31] | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (suspected) |
| 25 June 2022 | Shooting | 2 | 21 | 2022 Oslo shooting: A 42-year-old Iranian man opened fire on patrons at the London Pub LGBTQ nightclub in downtown Oslo along with two other locations nearby. The perpetrator was later detained by police and it was then revealed that the man became radicalized in 2015 and was in contact with Arfan Bhatti a well-known Islamist extremist. He was charged with murder and acts of terrorism.[32] | Zaniar Matapour |
| 23 September 2024 | Attempted bombing | 0 | 0 | A man in his 50's was arrested for terror threats after an explosive device was found in his rucksack in front of a NAV office in Åsane, Bergen.[33] | Lone wolf (suspected) |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Norway: Extremism and Terrorism".
- ^ "Manshaus har hatt kontakt med nynazistisk organisasjon". 21 September 2019.
- ^ "Politiet innfører midlertidig bevæpning". 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Filmen: Gåten Granatmannen". 11 October 2016.
- ^ Aftenposten: Stoppet terror i 1973 ved å slå alarm
- ^ "Oslos hemmelige historie". 9 January 2013.
- ^ VG: «Kamp mellom ekstremister i Tromsø. Eksplosjon i rød bokhandel.» 21 February 1977, s. 8.
- ^ VG: «90 kg dynamitt tatt: Hele Tromsø grøsser.» 15 March 1977, s.6.
- ^ "Da bomba smalt i Tromsø". 13 March 2017.
- ^ "Spionbyen Oslo".
- ^ NRK.no: Oslos hemmelige historie
- ^ "Oslos hemmelige historie". 9 January 2013.
- ^ "Oslos hemmelige historie". 9 January 2013.
- ^ «Terrorbombe i Evje», Aftenposten, 7 January 1989, s. 2.
- ^ "Kripos har siktet flere personer etter at William Nygaard ble skutt tre ganger i ryggen i 1993". 9 October 2018.
- ^ "Her er mannen som er siktet for attentatet på William Nygaard". 11 November 2021.
- ^ "- Stod bak Blitz-attentat". 28 March 2004.
- ^ http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article1339270.ece Sprengte menighetshus
- ^ "Fem tiltalt etter Sannhetens Ord-bomben". November 2005.
- ^ "Skuddene i Oppegård". 9 July 2006.
- ^ "PST aksjonerte mot 25 islamister etter terrorsamtaler i Oslo". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 15 May 2015.
- ^ "- PST vil ha Krekar tiltalt for terrortrusler". 20 January 2011.
- ^ "Norway terror plot 'targeted Danish paper'". 28 September 2010.
- ^ "Norway attacks: At least 92 killed in Oslo and Utøya island". TheGuardian.com. 23 July 2011.
- ^ VG Nett: Authorities warned of terror attack against Norway "within few days"
- ^ VG Nett: http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/terrorangrepet-i-koebenhavn/oekte-sikkerhetstiltak-i-norge-etter-koebenhavn-terror/a/23396304/
- ^ "Norway police destroy suspect device in Oslo". The Local. Agence France-Presse. 9 April 2017.
- ^ "PST: Sannsynlig med terrorangrep i Norge de neste to månedene" (in Norwegian). NRK. 9 April 2017.
- ^ ""Bombemannen» dømt til forvaring i 12 å"". 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Norway court jails mosque gunman Manshaus for 21 years". BBC News. 11 June 2020.
- ^ "16-åring pågrepet for terrorforberedelser". 5 February 2021.
- ^ "Oslo shooting: Norway attack being treated as Islamist terrorism, police say". BBC News. 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Aksjonen i Åsane: Mann siktet for terrortrussel".