Theda Bara (/ˈθiːdə ˈbærə/ THEE-də BARR-ə;[1] born Theodosia Burr Goodman; July 29, 1885 – April 7, 1955) was an American silent film and stage actress. Bara was one of the more popular actresses of the silent era and one of cinema's early sex symbols. Her femme fatale roles earned her the nickname "The Vamp" (short for vampire, here meaning a seductive woman),[a] later fueling the rising popularity in "vamp" roles based in exoticism and sexual domination.[5]
Theda Bara | |
|---|---|
 Bara in 1921 | |
| Born | Theodosia Burr Goodman July 29, 1885 Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | April 7, 1955 (aged 69) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery |
| Alma mater | University of Cincinnati |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1908–1926 |
| Spouse | |
| Relatives | Lori Bara (sister) |
Born to a Jewish family in Cincinnati, Bara was the biggest star of Fox Studios, who prompted a fictitious persona for her as an Egyptian-born woman interested in the occult. She made more than 40 films between 1914 and 1926, most of which were lost in the 1937 Fox vault fire. She left Fox in 1919 and was unable to recapture her previous success. After her marriage to Charles Brabin in 1921, she made two more films and then retired from acting in 1926. Bara never appeared in any sound films.
Early life
editBara was born Theodosia Burr Goodman on July 29, 1885, in Cincinnati, Ohio.[6] She was named after the daughter of U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr.[7] Her father was Bernard Goodman (1853–1936),[8] a prosperous Jewish tailor from Poland. Her mother, Pauline Louise Françoise (née de Coppett; 1861–1957), was born in Switzerland.[9] Bernard and Pauline married in 1882. Theda had two younger siblings: Marque (1888–1954) and Esther (1897–1965), who went by the nickname "Lori".[10][b]
In 1890 the family moved to Avondale, a Cincinnati suburb with a substantial Jewish community.[13] Bara attended Walnut Hills High School, graduating in 1903.[14] After attending the University of Cincinnati for two years, she worked mainly in local theater productions, but did explore other projects. After moving to New York City in 1908, she made her Broadway debut the same year in The Devil.[15]
Career
editMost of Bara's early films were shot along the East Coast, where the film industry was based, primarily at Fox Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey.[16] She lived with her family in New York City. The rise of Hollywood as the center of the American film industry forced her to move to Los Angeles to film the epic Cleopatra (1917), which became one of her biggest hits. No complete prints of Cleopatra are known to exist today, but numerous photographs of her in costume as Cleopatra have survived. [17]
Bara was the Fox studio's biggest star between 1915 and 1919, but tired of being typecast as a vamp, she allowed her five-year contract with the company to expire. Her final Fox film was The Lure of Ambition (1919). In 1920, she turned briefly to the stage, appearing on Broadway in The Blue Flame. Bara's fame drew large crowds to the theater, but her acting was savaged by critics.[18]
Her career suffered without Fox Studios' support, and she did not make another film until The Unchastened Woman (1925) for Chadwick Pictures. She retired after making only one more film, the short comedy Madame Mystery (1926), directed by Stan Laurel for Hal Roach; in this, Bara parodied her vamp image.[citation needed]
At the height of her fame, Bara earned $4,000 per week (equivalent to $70,300 in 2023). Her better-known roles were as the "vamp", although she attempted to avoid typecasting by playing wholesome heroines in films such as Under Two Flags and Her Double Life. She appeared as Juliet in a version of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Although Bara took her craft seriously, she was too successful playing exotic wanton women to develop a more versatile career.[citation needed]
Image and name
edit
The origin of Bara's stage name is disputed. The Guinness Book of Movie Facts and Feats says it came from director Frank Powell, who learned Theda had a relative named Baranger, and that Theda was a childhood nickname. In promoting the 1917 film Cleopatra, Fox Studio publicists noted that the name was an anagram of Arab death, and her press agents, to enhance her exotic appeal to moviegoers, falsely promoted the young Ohio native as "the daughter of an Arab sheik and a French woman, born in the Sahara".[19][20] In 1917, the Goodman family legally changed its surname to Bara.[8]
Personal
editBara was known for wearing very revealing costumes in her films. It was popular at that time to promote an actress as mysterious, with an exotic background. The studios promoted Bara with a massive publicity campaign, billing her as the Egyptian-born daughter of a French actress and an Italian sculptor. They claimed she had spent her early years in the Sahara desert under the shadow of the Sphinx, then moved to France to become a stage actress. (In fact, Bara never had been to Egypt, and her time in France amounted to just a few months.)
A 2016 book by Joan Craig and Beverly F. Stout chronicles many personal, first-hand accounts of the lives of Bara and her husband Charles Brabin.[21]
Marriage and retirement
edit
Bara married British-born American film director Charles Brabin in 1921. They honeymooned at The Pines Hotel in Digby, Nova Scotia, Canada, and later purchased a 400-hectare (990-acre) property down the coast from Digby at Harbourville, Nova Scotia, overlooking the Bay of Fundy, eventually building a summer home they called Baranook.[22] They had no children. Bara resided in a villa-style home in Cincinnati, which served as the "honors villa" at Xavier University. Demolition of the home began in July 2011.[23]
In 1936, she appeared on Lux Radio Theatre during a broadcast version of The Thin Man with William Powell and Myrna Loy. She did not appear in the play but instead announced her plans to make a movie comeback,[24][25] which never materialized. She appeared on radio again in 1939 as a guest on Texaco Star Theatre.
In 1949, producer Buddy DeSylva and Columbia Pictures expressed interest in making a movie of Bara's life, to star Betty Hutton, but the project never materialized.[26][27]
Death
editOn April 7, 1955, after a lengthy stay at California Lutheran Hospital in Los Angeles, Bara died of stomach cancer.[28] She was survived by her husband, her mother, and her younger sister, Lori.[28] She was interred as Theda Bara Brabin at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.[29] Bara bequeathed $100,000 to her sister, $8,000 to her husband, and $1,000 to her sister-in-law.[30]
Legacy
editBara often is cited as the first sex symbol of the film era.[31][32]
For her contributions to the film industry, Bara received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. Her star is located at 6307 Hollywood Boulevard,[33] and is shown in the film MaXXXine.[34]
Bara never appeared in a sound film, lost or otherwise. A 1937 fire at Fox's nitrate film storage vaults in New Jersey destroyed most of that studio's silent films. Bara made more than 40 films between 1914 and 1926, but complete prints of only six still exist: The Stain (1914), A Fool There Was (1915), East Lynne (1916), The Unchastened Woman (1925), and two short comedies for Hal Roach.[citation needed]
In addition to these, a few of her films remain in fragments, including Cleopatra (less than a minute of footage), a clip thought to be from The Soul of Buddha, and a few other unidentified clips featured in the documentary Theda Bara et William Fox (2001). Most of the clips can be seen in the documentary The Woman with the Hungry Eyes (2006). As to vamping, critics stated that her portrayal of calculating, cold-hearted women was morally instructive to men. Bara responded by saying "I will continue doing vampires as long as people sin."[35] Additional footage has been found which shows her behind the scenes on a picture.[36] While the hairstyle has led some to theorize that this may be from The Lure of Ambition, this has not been confirmed. Small fragments from Salomé were discovered in 2021 by an intern at Filmoteca Española.[37]
In 1994, she was honored with her image on a U.S. postage stamp designed by caricaturist Al Hirschfeld.[38] The Fort Lee Film Commission dedicated Main Street and Linwood Avenue in Fort Lee, New Jersey, as "Theda Bara Way" in May 2006 to honor Bara, who made many of her films at the Fox Studio on Linwood and Main.[39]
Over a period of several years, filmmaker and film historian Phillip Dye reconstructed Cleopatra on video. Titled Lost Cleopatra, the full-length feature was created by editing together production-still picture montages combined with the surviving film clip. The script was based on the original scenario, with modifications derived from research into censorship reports, reviews of the film, and synopses from period magazines.[40] Dye screened the film at the Hollywood Heritage Museum on February 8, 2017.[41]
Filmography
edit
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1914 | The Stain | Gang moll | Credited as Theodosia Goodman |
| 1915 | A Fool There Was | The Vampire | |
| The Kreutzer Sonata | Celia Friedlander | Lost film | |
| The Clemenceau Case | Iza | ||
| The Devil's Daughter | Gioconda Dianti | ||
| Lady Audley's Secret | Helen Talboys | ||
| The Two Orphans | Henriette | ||
| Sin | Rosa | ||
| Carmen | Carmen | ||
| The Galley Slave | Francesca Brabaut | ||
| Destruction | Fernade | ||
| 1916 | The Serpent | Vania Lazar | |
| Gold and the Woman | Theresa Decordova | ||
| The Eternal Sapho | Laura Bruffins | ||
| East Lynne | Lady Isabel Carlisle | ||
| Under Two Flags | Cigarette | Lost film | |
| Her Double Life | Mary Doone | ||
| Romeo and Juliet | Juliet | ||
| The Vixen | Elsie Drummond | ||
| 1917 | The Darling of Paris | Esmeralda | |
| The Tiger Woman | Princess Petrovitch | ||
| Her Greatest Love | Hazel | ||
| Heart and Soul | Jess | ||
| Camille | Marguerite Gauthier[42] | ||
| Cleopatra | Cleopatra | Approximately 1 minute exists | |
| The Rose of Blood | Lisza Tapenka | Lost film | |
| Madame Du Barry | Jeanne Vaubernier | ||
| 1918 | The Forbidden Path | Mary Lynde | |
| The Soul of Buddha | Priestess | Story, Lost film | |
| Under the Yoke | Maria Valverda | Lost film | |
| Salomé | Salome | About 2 minutes survive; Lost | |
| When a Woman Sins | Lilian Marchard / Poppea | Lost film | |
| The She-Devil | Lorette | ||
| 1919 | The Light | Blanchette Dumond, aka Madame Lefresne | |
| When Men Desire | Marie Lohr | ||
| The Siren's Song | Marie Bernais | ||
| A Woman There Was | Princess Zara | ||
| Kathleen Mavourneen | Kathleen Cavanagh | ||
| La Belle Russe | Fleurett Sackton/La Belle Russe | ||
| The Lure of Ambition | Olga Dolan | Lost film; 82-second outtake does exist[43] | |
| 1925 | The Unchastened Woman | Caroline Knollys | |
| 1926 | Madame Mystery | Madame Mysterieux | Short film |
| 45 Minutes from Hollywood | Herself |
Cultural references
edit- The short piano suite Silhouettes from the Screen, Op. 55 (1919) by Mortimer Wilson includes a miniature musical portrait of Theda Bara, who is portrayed in an atonal, expressionistic style.[44]
- Bara is referenced in the 1921 Bert Kalmar/Harry Ruby song "Rebecca Came Back from Mecca"[45] as well as their 1922 "Sheik From Avenue B," sung by Fanny Brice.[46][47]
- Bara was one of three actresses (Pola Negri and Mae Murray were the others) whose eyes were combined to form the Chicago International Film Festival's logo, a stark, black and white close up of the composite eyes set as repeated frames in a strip of film.[48]
- The International Times' logo is a black-and-white image of Theda Bara. The founders' intention had been to use an image of actress Clara Bow, 1920s "It girl", but a picture of Theda Bara was used by accident, and once deployed, not changed.[49]
- During a scene from The Aviator (2004 film) when Howard Hughes and Glenn Odekirk are trying to create the H-1 Racer, Odekirk remarks, "Yeah, well, I want a date with Theda Bara, but that ain't gonna happen either."
- Bara, as well as the lost Cleopatra (1917 film), are referenced extensively in the romance novel Nevaeh Smiled by SPW Mitchell as the muse for costume designer Rainier.
- There are multiple references to Bara in the X film series. In the 2022 film Pearl, the titular character, portrayed by Mia Goth, feeds an alligator that she has named Theda. In the 2024 film Maxxxine, the titular character, also portrayed by Goth, is seen putting out her cigarette on the Theda Bara Hollywood Walk of Fame star.
Notes
edit- ^ These roles did not portray the undead vampires featured in later horror films. The term "vampire" for a seductive woman was derived from "The Vampire", an 1897 poem by Rudyard Kipling,[2][3] inspired by Philip Burne-Jones' 1896 painting "The Vampire" depicting a woman (purportedly Mrs Patrick Campbell, a stage actress and the artist's ex-lover) mounting an unconscious man.[4]
- ^ Both of Bara's siblings joined her for a time in the movie business. Marque worked briefly as a director.[11] After an unsuccessful attempt to establish an acting career, Lori became a screenwriter.[12]
References
edit- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Theda Bara Speaking 1936". YouTube. April 14, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- ^ Golden 1996, p. 30.
- ^ Weinstock, Jeffrey (2012). The Vampire Film: Undead Cinema. London: Wallflower Press. p. 25.
- ^ "The Vampire by Rudyard Kipling - 1897".
- ^ Love, Claire; Pollack, Jen; Landsberg, Alison (April 6, 2017). "Silent Film Actresses and Their Most Popular Characters". National Women's History Museum. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- ^ Liebman 2023, p. 17.
- ^ Golden 1996, p. 10.
- ^ a b "Theda Makes 'em All Baras". New York Times. Vol. LXVII, no. 21847. November 17, 1917. p. 11. Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2023. Alt URL
- ^ Genini 1996, pp. 1–2.
- ^ Liebman 2023, p. 18.
- ^ "Marque Bara, Ex-Director, Brother of Theda, 'Silent' Star". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 28, 1954. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Golden 1996, pp. 226–227.
- ^ Golden 1996, pp. 10–12.
- ^ Liebman 2023, p. 19.
- ^ "The Devil – Broadway Play – Original". ibdb.com.
- ^ Fort Lee: Birthplace of the Motion Picture Industry. Arcadia Publishing. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7385-4501-1.
- ^ "Library Reports on America's Endangered Silent-Film Heritage" (Press release). Library Of Congress. December 4, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
- ^ Golden 1996, pp. 204–209.
- ^ Garza, Janiss (2008). "Cleopatra (1917)". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 8, 2008. Retrieved May 29, 2011. Film review.
- ^ "Famous Silent Screen Vamp Theda Bara Dies Of Cancer". The Montreal Gazette. Associated Press. April 8, 1955. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- ^ Craig, Joan; Stout, Beverly F. (2016). Theda Bara, My Mentor: Under the Wing of Hollywood's First Femme Fatale. McFarland and Company, Inc. ISBN 9781476662831. LCCN 2016009417.
- ^ Innis, Lorna (February 26, 2012). "Hollywood's link with province long, varied". Chronicle Herald. Halifax. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- ^ "Early film star's Cincinnati mansion being torn down". The Columbus Post Dispatch. July 7, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- ^ "The Thin Man". Lux Radio Theatre. Internet Archive. Retrieved December 1, 2015. Skip to 50m:50s.
- ^ "The Lux Radio Theatre". RadioGOLDINdex. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
- ^ Brady, Thomas F. (January 21, 1949). "De Sylva Working on Movie of Bara". The New York Times. p. 25.
- ^ Brady, Thomas F. (December 2, 1949). "Betty Hutton Set for 2 Metro Films". The New York Times. p. 36.
- ^ a b "Theda Bara, Screen Star, 65". The New York Times. April 8, 1955. p. 21.
- ^ Genini 1996, p. 1.
- ^ "Discussing Theda Bara's will and estate". Albuquerque Journal. April 19, 1955. p. 18. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
- ^ "Classic Images – Vol. 250 – April 1996 Issue". Classicimages.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ Adinolfi, Francesco (2008). Mondo Exotica: Sounds, Visions, Obsessions of the Cocktail Generation. Translated by Pinkus, Karen; Vivrette, Jason. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. p. 25. ISBN 9780822341321. OCLC 179838406.
- ^ "Theda Bara". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
- ^ "A24's 'MaXXXine' Is Full of Horror Movie Easter Eggs". ELLE. July 5, 2024. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
- ^ Panati, Charles (1998). Sexy Origins and Intimate Things: The Rites and Rituals of Straights, Gays, Bi's, Drags, Trans, Virgins, and Others. Penguin Books. p. 295.
- ^ Fads and Fashion of 1900 [& Other Newsreels] (film). Fun Film. 1905. 8 minutes in – via Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "REDISCOVERED: THEDA BARA IN "SALOME", 1918". YouTube. October 2, 2021.
- ^ "Hirschfeld draws silent screen stars stamps". Stamps. 246 (13): 353. March 26, 1994. ProQuest 220978182.
- ^ Page, Jeffery (July 9, 2015). "A Star in the Era Before Hollywood". The Record. Retrieved August 21, 2019 – via Gale Onefile:News.
- ^ "Lost Cleopatra". Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- ^ Ziemba, Christine N. (February 6, 2017). "Twenty Of The Coolest Events Happening in L.A. This Week in Arts & Entertainment". LAist. Archived from the original on May 1, 2017.
- ^ "Theda Bara Makes 'Camille' Reality". Hartford Courant. October 30, 1917. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
Heralded as one of the screen triumphs of the day, "Camille", adapted from the Dumas novel, and with Theda Bara the featured player, fulfills the promises of the management of Poli's Theater, where this film really heads the bill this half of the week. Vaudeville must...
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Lost Film segment – Theda Bara – 1919 (currently unknown film source)". YouTube. February 27, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- ^ Performance of Silhouettes from the Screen by Steve Norquist
- ^ "What's a Nice Jewish Girl Like You Doing in a Place Like This? – Arab Kitsch".
- ^ Furia, Philip George; Lasser, Michael L. (2006). America's Songs: The Stories Behind the Songs of Broadway, Hollywood, and Tin Pan Alley. Taylor & Francis. pp. 35–. ISBN 978-0-415-97246-8.
- ^ "The sheik of Avenue B". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on May 21, 2017.
- ^ "About: Mission & History Our Logo". The Chicago International Film Festival. Our Logo. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- ^ Miles, Barry (1998). Many Years From Now. Vintage – Random House. p. 232. ISBN 0-7493-8658-4.
Works cited
edit- Liebman, Roy (2023). Theda Bara: Her Career, Life and Legend (Kindle ed.). McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-1-4766-5002-9.
- Genini, Ronald (1996). Theda Bara: A Biography of the Silent Screen Vamp, with a Filmography (Kindle ed.). McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-6918-5.
- Golden, Eve (1996). Vamp: The Rise and Fall of Theda Bara. Vestal Press. ISBN 978-1-887322-00-3.
Further reading
edit- Shakespeare on Silent Film: An Excellent Dumb Discourse by Judith Buchanan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Chapter 6. ISBN 0-521-87199-9.
- Famous Juliets by Jerome Hart, in Motion Picture Classic, March 1923.
- A Million and One Nights by Terry Ramsaye. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1926.
- Fox, Susan (2006). William Fox: A Story of Early Hollywood 1915–1930. Midnight Marquee Press Inc. ISBN 1-887664-62-9.
- DiGrazia, Christopher (2011). The Director's Cut: A Theda Bara Mystery. 1921 PVG Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9827709-4-8.
- Johnston, Bob (2002). Theda Bara and the Frontier Rabbi. Dramatist's Play Service. ISBN 0-8222-1837-2.
- Altman, Diana (2010). In Theda Bara's Tent. Tapley Cove Press. ISBN 978-0-615-34327-3.
External links
edit
Photos
- Theda Bara photo gallery NY Public Library collection
- movie theater marquee in Jacksonville, FL: She Loved too Late, starring Theda Bara
Magazines
- The 1917 review of Tiger Woman starring Theda Bara from The Atlanta Georgian
- The Ex-Vampire by Theda Bara Vanity Fair Magazine, October, 1919
Biography
- "Theda Bara", entry in Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia
- Excerpt from Golden's biography Vamp
- "Theda Bara" Biography at monash.edu.au
- Theda Bara at the Internet Broadway Database
- Theda Bara at the TCM Movie Database
- Theda Bara at IMDb
