-isa

Finnish

From Proto-Finnic *-isa, possibly from Proto-Uralic. Related to Estonian -s (such as in jõudus (gen. jõudsa) ~ joutuisa), Ingrian -isa, Votic -sõ.

-isa (front vowel harmony variant -isä, linguistic notation -isA)

A suffix for making adjectives from some nouns and verbs.
‎kaiku (“echo”) + ‎-isa → ‎kaikuisa (“reverberant”)

‎myrsky (“storm”) + ‎-isa → ‎myrskyisä (“stormy”)

Inflection of -isa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-isa	-isat
genitive		-isan	-isien
partitive		-isaa	-isia
illative		-isaan	-isiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-isa	-isat
accusative	nom.	-isa	-isat
accusative	gen.	-isan	-isat
genitive		-isan	-isien -isain ^rare
partitive		-isaa	-isia
inessive		-isassa	-isissa
elative		-isasta	-isista
illative		-isaan	-isiin
adessive		-isalla	-isilla
ablative		-isalta	-isilta
allative		-isalle	-isille
essive		-isana	-isina
translative		-isaksi	-isiksi
abessive		-isatta	-isitta
instructive		—	-isin
comitative		—	-isine

Possessive forms of -isa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-isani	-isani
accusative	nom.	-isani	-isani
accusative	gen.	-isani	-isani
genitive		-isani	-isieni -isaini ^rare
partitive		-isaani	-isiani
inessive		-isassani	-isissani
elative		-isastani	-isistani
illative		-isaani	-isiini
adessive		-isallani	-isillani
ablative		-isaltani	-isiltani
allative		-isalleni	-isilleni
essive		-isanani	-isinani
translative		-isakseni	-isikseni
abessive		-isattani	-isittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-isineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-isasi	-isasi
accusative	nom.	-isasi	-isasi
accusative	gen.	-isasi	-isasi
genitive		-isasi	-isiesi -isaisi ^rare
partitive		-isaasi	-isiasi
inessive		-isassasi	-isissasi
elative		-isastasi	-isistasi
illative		-isaasi	-isiisi
adessive		-isallasi	-isillasi
ablative		-isaltasi	-isiltasi
allative		-isallesi	-isillesi
essive		-isanasi	-isinasi
translative		-isaksesi	-isiksesi
abessive		-isattasi	-isittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-isinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-isamme	-isamme
accusative	nom.	-isamme	-isamme
accusative	gen.	-isamme	-isamme
genitive		-isamme	-isiemme -isaimme ^rare
partitive		-isaamme	-isiamme
inessive		-isassamme	-isissamme
elative		-isastamme	-isistamme
illative		-isaamme	-isiimme
adessive		-isallamme	-isillamme
ablative		-isaltamme	-isiltamme
allative		-isallemme	-isillemme
essive		-isanamme	-isinamme
translative		-isaksemme	-isiksemme
abessive		-isattamme	-isittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-isinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-isanne	-isanne
accusative	nom.	-isanne	-isanne
accusative	gen.	-isanne	-isanne
genitive		-isanne	-isienne -isainne ^rare
partitive		-isaanne	-isianne
inessive		-isassanne	-isissanne
elative		-isastanne	-isistanne
illative		-isaanne	-isiinne
adessive		-isallanne	-isillanne
ablative		-isaltanne	-isiltanne
allative		-isallenne	-isillenne
essive		-isananne	-isinanne
translative		-isaksenne	-isiksenne
abessive		-isattanne	-isittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-isinenne

-isa (front vowel variant -isä)

Used to form adjectives denoting an abundance of the suffixed noun.
‎maku (“taste”) + ‎-isa → ‎makuisa (“tasty”)
Used to form adjectives denoting having undergone the action of the suffixed verb.
‎kuulua (“to be heard”) + ‎-isa → ‎kuuluisa (“famous”)

Declension of -isa (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-isa	-isat
genitive	-isan	-isiin
partitive	-isaa	-isia
illative	-isaa	-isii
inessive	-isaas	-isiis
elative	-isast	-isist
allative	-isalle	-isille
adessive	-isaal	-isiil
ablative	-isalt	-isilt
translative	-isaks	-isiks
essive	-isanna, -isaan	-isinna, -isiin
exessive¹⁾	-isant	-isint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.