-vi

See also: Appendix:Variations of "vi"

Finnish

Alternative forms

• -pi

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-bi, weak grade of *-pi, derived from Proto-Finnic *-pa (participle ending). Compare Estonian -b.

Suffix

-vi

1. An archaic/poetic variant of the standard third-person present.
   • 1849, Elias Lönnrot, “Pream”, in John Martin Crawford, transl., Kalevala‎^[1]:

     Mieleni minun tekevi, aivoni ajattelevi, lähteäni laulamahan, saa’ani sanelemahan, sukuvirttä suoltamahan, lajivirttä laulamahan.

     Mastered by desire impulsive, by a mighty inward urging, I am ready now for singing, ready to begin the chanting.

Usage notes

In modern Finnish, the singular third-person present is formed by lengthening the final stem vowel (see -V).

Gun

Alternative forms

• -vú

Etymology

From Proto-Gbe *-ví (literally “child”) stems from same root as òví (“child”). Cognates include Fon -ví, Saxwe Gbe -ví, Adja -vi, Ewe -vi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ví/

Suffix

-ví

1. Forms a diminutive noun.

   àvún (“dog”) → àvúnví (“puppy”, literally “little dog”)

   àlɔ̀ (“hand”) → àlɔ̀ví (“finger”, literally “little hand”)

   kòkló (“chicken”) → kòklóví (“chick”, literally “little chicken”)

2. Used to form nouns describing the origin of a person or group of a certain ethnic group or nationality.

   Synonyms: -tɔ́, -tọ́, -nù

   tò (“country”) → tòví (“citizen”, literally “child of the country”)

   Benɛ́tò (“the country of Benin”) → Benɛ́tòví (“Beninese citizen”, literally “child of Benin”)

Derived terms

• adɔ̀ví (“intestine”)
• adọ̀ví (“intestine”)
• Gunnùví (“the Gun community”)
• àfɔ̀ví (“toe”)
• àfọ̀ví (“toe”)
• àlọ̀ví (“finger”)
• àxɔ́ví (“prince”)

• Benɛ́tòví (“Beninese citizen”)
• Benɛ́ví (“Beninese citizen”)
• Benẹ́tòví (“Beninese citizen”)
• Benẹ́ví (“Beninese citizen”)
• tòví (“citizen”)

Italian

Pronoun

-vi

1. (enclitic) Alternative form of vi

   dare (“to give”) → darvi (“to give yourselves; to give you; to give for you”)

   vendere (“to sell”) → vendervi (“to sell yourselves; to sell you; to sell to you”)

   servire (“to serve”) → servirvi (“to serve yourselves; to serve you; to serve to you”)

Usage notes

• Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative and dative forms when the object is second plural person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are → -arvi

-ere → -ervi

-ire → -irvi

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurvi (“to introduce yourselves; to introduce you; to insert in you”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -vi.

Latin

Suffix

-vī

1. inflection of -vus:
   1. nominative/vocative masculine plural
   2. genitive masculine/neuter singular

Sassarese

Adverb

-vi

1. enclitic form of vi (“here; there”)

Derived terms

Sassarese terms suffixed with -vi

assevvi

Pronoun

-vi

1. enclitic form of vi
   1. you (plural)
   2. for/to you (plural)
   3. it, to it

Usage notes

• When appended to words stressed on the final syllable, it becomes -vvi.

  ‎assé (“to be”) + ‎-vi → ‎assevvi (“there be”)