Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kʷe

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

See *kʷis.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. This says nothing about where this term came from

Conjunction

*-kʷe

and
Antonym: *-wē (“or”)
Forms distributives from interrogatives.

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *dže
- Albanian: dhe
Proto-Anatolian: *-ku^[1]
- Hittite: 𒊌𒆪 (uk-ku /⁠(=k)ku⁠/)
- Luwian: 𒆪 (ku)
- Palaic: 𒆪 (ku)
Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: -եք (-ekʻ)
Proto-Celtic: *-kʷe (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *-hw (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *-kʷe
- Ancient Greek: τε (te)
- Mycenaean Greek: 𐀤 (qe /⁠-kʷe⁠/)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ča (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *-kʷe^[2] (see there for further descendants)
Phrygian: κε (ke)
(perhaps) Proto-Albanian: *tśe^[3]
- Albanian: s- / -s (“not”)
⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *es-ke
- Proto-Slavic: *(j)eš-če (“yet, still”) (possibly a compound of *h₁es- (“to be”) +‎ *-kʷe) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 559-561
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 506
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “s-, -s”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 276

Wikander, Ola (2008) Ett träd med vida grenar: de indoeuropeiska språkens historia (in Swedish), Stockholm: Prisma, →ISBN

[1] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 559-561

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 506

[3] Demiraj, B. (1997) “s-, -s”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 276

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