Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(ó)-r̥ or *(é)-r̥ n

1. Derives nouns from roots, frequently mass nouns.

Inflection

Older acrostatic pattern:

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular	collective
nominative	*(ó)-r̥	*(é)-ōr
genitive	*(é)-n̥s	*(Ø)-nés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*(ó)-r̥	*(ó)-rih₁	*(ó)-r̥h₂	*(é)-ōr
vocative	*(ó)-r̥	*(ó)-rih₁	*(ó)-r̥h₂	*(é)-ōr
accusative	*(ó)-r̥	*(ó)-rih₁	*(ó)-r̥h₂	*(é)-ōr
genitive	*(é)-n̥s	*?	*(é)-noHom	*(Ø)-nés
ablative	*(é)-n̥s	*?	*(é)-n̥mos, *(é)-n̥bʰos	*(Ø)-nés
dative	*(é)-ney	*?	*(é)-n̥mos, *(é)-n̥bʰos	*(Ø)-néy
locative	*(é)-n̥, *(é)-ni	*?	*(é)-n̥su	*(Ø)-én, *(Ø)-éni
instrumental	*(é)-n̥h₁	*?	*(é)-n̥mis, *(é)-n̥bʰis	*(Ø)-néh₁

Later proterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular	collective
nominative	*(é)-r̥	*(é)-ōr
genitive	*(Ø)-éns	*(Ø)-nés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*(é)-r̥	*(é)-rih₁	*(é)-r̥h₂	*(é)-ōr
vocative	*(é)-r̥	*(é)-rih₁	*(é)-r̥h₂	*(é)-ōr
accusative	*(é)-r̥	*(é)-rih₁	*(é)-r̥h₂	*(é)-ōr
genitive	*(Ø)-éns	*?	*(Ø)-énoHom	*(Ø)-nés
ablative	*(Ø)-éns	*?	*(Ø)-énmos, *(Ø)-énbʰos	*(Ø)-nés
dative	*(Ø)-éney	*?	*(Ø)-énmos, *(Ø)-énbʰos	*(Ø)-néy
locative	*(Ø)-én, *(Ø)-éni	*?	*(Ø)-énsu	*(Ø)-én, *(Ø)-éni
instrumental	*(Ø)-énh₁	*?	*(Ø)-énmis, *(Ø)-énbʰis	*(Ø)-néh₁

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-r̥

• *-mr̥
• *-sr̥
• *-tr̥
• *-wr̥, *-wl̥

Descendants

• Proto-Anatolian:
  • Hittite: -𒅈 (-ar)
• Proto-Hellenic: *-ər
  • Ancient Greek: -αρ ~ -ατος (-ar ~ -atos)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-r̥
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-r̥
    • Sanskrit: -र् (-r)
• Proto-Italic: *-or ~ *-enes
  • Latin: -or/-ur ~ -inis,-oris,-inoris