istuma
Estonian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *istudak (“to sit”), from Proto-Finno-Permic *isɜ-. Cognate to Finnish istua, Erzya озамс (ozams). Possibly of Indo-European origin; from Proto-Indo-European *sed-. Compare Ancient Greek ἕζομαι (hézomai).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editistuma (da-infinitive istuda)
- to sit (to be in such a position where the buttock rests on some kind of base and the back is upright)
- to sit (to stay in a place or situation for a long time)
- (informal) to fit (to be suitable, to be acceptable or pleasant)
Conjugation
editConjugation of istuma (ÕS type 28/õppima, no gradation)
indicative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | istun | ei istu | 1st sing. | olen istunud | ei ole istunud pole istunud | ||||
2nd sing. | istud | 2nd sing. | oled istunud | ||||||
3rd sing. | istub | 3rd sing. | on istunud | ||||||
1st plur. | istume | 1st plur. | oleme istunud | ||||||
2nd plur. | istute | 2nd plur. | olete istunud | ||||||
3rd plur. | istuvad | 3rd plur. | on istunud | ||||||
impersonal | istutakse | ei istuta | impersonal | on istutud | ei ole istutud pole istutud | ||||
past | pluperfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | istusin | ei istunud | 1st sing. | olin istunud | ei olnud istunud polnud istunud | ||||
2nd sing. | istusid | 2nd sing. | olid istunud | ||||||
3rd sing. | istus | 3rd sing. | oli istunud | ||||||
1st plur. | istusime | 1st plur. | olime istunud | ||||||
2nd plur. | istusite | 2nd plur. | olite istunud | ||||||
3rd plur. | istusid | 3rd plur. | oli istunud | ||||||
impersonal | istuti | ei istutud | impersonal | oli istutud | ei olnud istutud polnud istutud | ||||
conditional | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | istuksin | ei istuks | 1st sing. | istunuksin oleksin istunud |
ei istunuks ei oleks istunud poleks istunud | ||||
2nd sing. | istuksid | 2nd sing. | istunuksid oleksid istunud | ||||||
3rd sing. | istuks | 3rd sing. | istunuks oleks istunud | ||||||
1st plur. | istuksime | 1st plur. | istunuksime oleksime istunud | ||||||
2nd plur. | istuksite | 2nd plur. | istunuksite oleksite istunud | ||||||
3rd plur. | istuksid | 3rd plur. | istunuksid oleksid istunud | ||||||
impersonal | istutaks | ei istutaks | impersonal | oleks istutud | ei oleks istutud poleks istutud | ||||
imperative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
2nd sing. | istu | ära istu | 2nd sing. | ole istunud | ära ole istunud | ||||
3rd sing. | istugu | ärgu istugu | 3rd sing. | olgu istunud | ärgu olgu istunud | ||||
1st plur. | istugem | ärme istume ärme istu ärgem istugem |
1st plur. | olgem istunud | ärme oleme istunud ärme ole istunud ärgem olgem istunud | ||||
2nd plur. | istuge | ärge istuge | 2nd plur. | olge istunud | ärge olge istunud | ||||
3rd plur. | istugu | ärgu istugu | 3rd plur. | olgu istunud | ärgu olgu istunud | ||||
impersonal | istutagu | ärgu istutagu | impersonal | olgu istutud | ärgu olgu istutud | ||||
quotative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
active | istuvat | ei istuvat | active | olevat istunud | ei olevat istunud polevat istunud | ||||
passive | istutavat | ei istutavat | passive | olevat istutud | ei olevat istutud polevat istutud | ||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||
ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
nominative | istuma | istutama | nominative | istuda | olla istunud | ||||
illative | — | inessive | istudes | olles istunud | |||||
inessive | istumas | participle | active | passive | |||||
elative | istumast | present | istuv | istutav | |||||
translative | istumaks | past | istunud | istutud | |||||
abessive | istumata | negative | istumatu | — |
Related terms
editReferences
editFinnish
editParticiple
editistuma
Declension
editInflection of istuma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | istuma | istumat | |
genitive | istuman | istumien | |
partitive | istumaa | istumia | |
illative | istumaan | istumiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | istuma | istumat | |
accusative | nom. | istuma | istumat |
gen. | istuman | ||
genitive | istuman | istumien istumain rare | |
partitive | istumaa | istumia | |
inessive | istumassa | istumissa | |
elative | istumasta | istumista | |
illative | istumaan | istumiin | |
adessive | istumalla | istumilla | |
ablative | istumalta | istumilta | |
allative | istumalle | istumille | |
essive | istumana | istumina | |
translative | istumaksi | istumiksi | |
abessive | istumatta | istumitta | |
instructive | — | istumin | |
comitative | — | istumine |
Anagrams
editCategories:
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Estonian/istumɑ
- Rhymes:Estonian/istumɑ/3 syllables
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian verbs
- Estonian informal terms
- Estonian õppima-type verbs
- Finnish non-lemma forms
- Finnish agent participles
- Finnish koira-type nominals