ka
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Page categories
Translingual
editEtymology
editThe etymology for the ISO 639-1 code for Georgian is from Georgian ქართული ენა (kartuli ena).
Symbol
editka
- kiloyear (also ky, kyr)
- thousands of years ago
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Georgian.
English
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editka (plural kas)
- A spiritual part of the soul in Egyptian mythology, which survived after death.
- 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
- Then, I wondered how long I must wait before seeing my Double, but if I recalled, the Ka was not supposed to appear before the seventy days of embalming were done.
- 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:
- Hence Dorian's portrait is like the ka or double of the deceased in Egyptian tombs, heaped with toys and furniture.
- 2011, Neil Gaiman, American Gods (Tenth Anniversary Edition), William Morrow 2013, p. 179:
- ‘You could bind the ka of a man to his body for five thousand years,’ said Jaquel.
Etymology 2
editOrigin uncertain.
Verb
editka
- (transitive, obsolete) To serve or help; used only in the phrase "Ka me, ka thee" or variants thereof.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, translated by John Florio, Essays, III.5:
- Now nature stood ever on this point, Kæ mee Ile kæ thee, and ever ready to bee even alwaies on recompences and vicissitude of things, and to give as good as one brings.
- 1821 January 8, [Walter Scott], Kenilworth; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; and John Ballantyne, […]; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:
- Ka me, ka thee, is a proverb all over the world.
References
editEtymology 3
editNoun
editka (plural kas)
- The name of the Cyrillic script letter К / к.
See also
editAnagrams
editAcehnese
editAdverb
editka
Afar
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editká
Usage notes
edit- The form káa is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.
See also
editReferences
edit- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ka”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Ainu
editEtymology
editLikely a loan word from Nivkh ӿа (ha) (bearing the same meaning), given that the traps were of the same type and that sable hunting was taken up on Sakhalin for export to Qing China, to whom the Nivkh were nearer.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editka
References
edit- Bugaeva, Anna. Handbook of the Ainu Language, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502859
Albanian
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom older kah, from *kah ~ ngah (compare Tosk Albanian nga), from Proto-Albanian *en kaxa, from Proto-Indo-European *en kʷod so (“wherein, wherefrom”), literally ‘in which this’. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic къ (kŭ, “to”).
Preposition
editka (+ nominative) [1]
Etymology 2
editFrom earlier *kaha, from Proto-Albanian *koso, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁s- (“scratch, cut”). For sense development, compare Slavic *volь - ox, from *valiti - to throw down, castrate.[2] Alternatively, the plural form qe suggests an earlier *kʷē, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“ox, cow”) via an unidentified Indo-European language.[3]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editka m (plural qe, definite kau, definite plural qetë)
Declension
editHyponyms
edit- kau i hullisë (“stronger ox (of a team) that walks in the furrow”)
- ka i kularit (“yoke ox”)
Etymology 3
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
editka
References
edit- ^ Fialuur i voghel Sccyp e ltinisct (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin), page 51, by P. Jak Junkut, 1895, Sckoder
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ka”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 160
- ^ Orel - Balcanica pg. 114
Amanab
editPronoun
editka
- I (first person singular nominative)
Ambonese Malay
editEtymology
editPreposition
editka
References
edit- D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998) Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia[2], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa
Bahnar
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bahnaric *kaː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaʔ; cognate with Sedang ká, Vietnamese cá, Mon က (kaʔ).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editka
Bambara
editParticle
editka
- possessive marker
- an ka jamana
- our country
Particle
editka
- particle linking subject and predicative adjective
- A ka ɲi
- It's good
- Kidali ka jan
- Kidal is far away
Basque
editPronunciation
editNoun
editka inan
- The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.
Declension
editindefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | ka | ka | kak |
ergative | kak | kak | kek |
dative | kari | kari | kei |
genitive | karen | karen | ken |
comitative | karekin | karekin | kekin |
causative | karengatik | karengatik | kengatik |
benefactive | karentzat | karentzat | kentzat |
instrumental | kaz | kaz | kez |
inessive | katan | kan | ketan |
locative | katako | kako | ketako |
allative | katara | kara | ketara |
terminative | kataraino | karaino | ketaraino |
directive | katarantz | karantz | ketarantz |
destinative | katarako | karako | ketarako |
ablative | katatik | katik | ketatik |
partitive | karik | — | — |
prolative | katzat | — | — |
See also
editCentral Pomo
editNoun
editka
Chuukese
editPronoun
editka
- you (singular)
Adjective
editka
- you are
Related terms
editPresent and past tense | Negative tense | Future | Negative future | Distant future | Negative determinate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First person | ua | use | upwe | usap | upwap | ute |
Second person | ka, ke | kose, kese | kopwe, kepwe | kosap, kesap | kopwap, kepwap | kote, kete | |
Third person | a | ese | epwe | esap | epwap | ete | |
Plural | First person | aua (exclusive) sia (inclusive) |
ause (exclusive) sise (inclusive) |
aupwe (exclusive) sipwe (inclusive) |
ausap (exclusive) sisap (inclusive) |
aupwap (exclusive) sipwap (inclusive) |
aute (exclusive) site (inclusive) |
Second person | oua | ouse | oupwe | ousap | oupwap | oute | |
Third person | ra, re | rese | repwe | resap | repwap | rete |
Cimbrian
editEtymology
editShortened form of kan.
Preposition
editka
- Alternative form of kan, used before words starting with s.
Further reading
edit- “ka” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Drung
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka.
Noun
editka
References
edit- Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[3], Santa Barbara: University of California
Dutch
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom kade.
Noun
editka f (plural kaden or kades or ka's, diminutive kaatje n)
- Alternative form of kade
Etymology 2
editUncertain. Possibly from Catharina Mulder or "Kaat Mossel".
Noun
editka f (plural ka's, diminutive kaatje n)
Synonyms
editEtymology 3
editRelated to kauw.
Noun
editka f (plural ka's or kauwen, diminutive kaatje n or kauwtje n)
- Alternative form of kauw
Etymology 4
editNoun
editka c (plural ka's)
- ka (ancient Egyptian notion of the soul, shown as a bird)
Estonian
editEtymology
editDerived from kaasas.
Adverb
editka (not comparable)
Ewe
editPronunciation
editNoun
editka (plural kawo)
Verb
editka
Finnish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editVariant of kaa, both shortenings of kanssa.
Adverb
editEtymology 2
editA dialectal or colloquial 2nd person imperative present of katsoa (“to look”).
Verb
editka
- (dialectal, colloquial) look!
- Ka!
Synonyms
editFrench
editPronunciation
editNoun
editka m (plural kas)
- kay, The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.
Fula
editPreposition
editka
Suffix
editka
- Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) including abstractions and borrowed words
Usage notes
editArticle
editka
- (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
- taasa ka ― the bowl
Usage notes
editDeterminer
editka
- (used in indicating something)
- ka taasa ― this/that bowl
Usage notes
editReferences
edit- Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
- M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.
Futuna-Aniwa
editVerb
editka
- (Aniwa) to squeal
German
editPhrase
editka
- (Internet slang) Alternative spelling of k. A.
- 2004 September 21, Tilman Wetter, “Schaltauge nachrüsten?”, in de.rec.fahrrad[4] (Usenet):
- Na gut
Mir war halt so nach schnellspannnabe, wegen Reifenwechseln undsoweiter.
Ich hab ka nun den zweiten Totenkopf abgerissen und die 14er Schlüssel
ziehen Winters immer in den Süden :-(- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2005 December 10, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, in linux.debian.user.german[5] (Usenet):
- Kann mir da einer helfen? ich hab absolut ka woran es liegt. AUs der config von xine bin ich zum nicht schlauer geworden.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2006 January 12, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, in linux.debian.user.german[6] (Usenet):
- irgendwo hab ich aufgeschnappt das mitte Februar neue Dual Core CPU´s auf den Markt kommen.Bitte nicht fragen wo ich das her hab,ka vieleicht bilde ich mir das ja auch nur ein ;-)
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Guinea-Bissau Creole
editEtymology
editFrom African origin. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ka.
Adverb
editka
Haitian Creole
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editka
Etymology 2
editContraction of kapab, from French capable
Verb
editka
Hanunoo
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (2sg. subject pronoun).
Pronoun
editka (Hanunoo spelling ᜣ)
See also
editEtymology 2
editParticle
editka (Hanunoo spelling ᜣ)
- connective used between a cardinal numeral and that which is enumerated
- duwa ka bilog sab-a ― two of saba bananas
Etymology 3
editParticle
editka (Hanunoo spelling ᜣ) (literary)
Further reading
editHausa
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editkā
References
edit- Newman, Paul (2007) A Hausa-English Dictionary (Yale Language Series), New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 102.
Hawaiian
editAlternative forms
edit- ke (before words that begin with 'k', 'a', 'e', or 'o')
Etymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editArticle
editka sg (plural nā)
Hokkien
editFor pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 家 (“home; family; household; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 家). |
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 鳩 (“pigeon; dove (family; to gather; to assemble; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鳩). |
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 鉸 (“scissors; to cut with scissors; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鉸). |
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 加 (“to put on top of another object; to add; to put in; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 加). |
Iban
editPronunciation
editVerb
editka
Ido
editEtymology
editSee kad. Decision no. 16, Progreso II. Based on the apocopic forms a, e, and o.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editka
References
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editka (plural ka-ka)
- The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.
Synonyms
edit- ke (Standard Malay)
See also
edit- (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet
Further reading
edit- “ka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Japanese
editRomanization
editka
Javanese
editEtymology
editDeterminer
editka
Kabuverdianu
editEtymology
editFrom African origin.
Adverb
editka
Kapampangan
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (“2sg. subject pronoun”). Compare Indonesian -kah, Malay -kah.
Particle
editka
- marks a sentence as interrogative
- Kalaraman ka?
- Is it a lie?
- Nanka?
- What's up?
- 1617, Francisco Coronel, Arte y reglas de la lengua Pampanga:
- Sucat mo casing bitasan quing micabucasan ca?
- Can you by chance assure us that you will arrive tomorrow?
- whether (or not)
- X ka Y ka?
- Are you an X or Y?
- Munta ka alika?
- Are you going or not?
- used with o to mark list and to connect choices being considered with uncertainty
- Ini ka o ita ka, sanu kareni.
- This or that?, which one of these?
- Magpasta ka o magpitsa ka?
- Are you gonna eat pasta or pizza?
Pronoun
editka
- you (second person singular)
- Kaluguran daka
- I love you
- Mamun ka kang inda
- Say goodbye to your mother
Usage notes
edit- The word ka usually replaces ika when in the middle of a sentence.
- When speaking to be polite, use the plural form kayu, ikayu.
See also
editLatin
editPronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /kaː/, [käː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ka/, [käː]
Noun
editkā f (indeclinable)
- The name of the letter K.
Coordinate terms
edit- (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta
References
edit- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32
Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū — each, again, with a long vowel sound.
Latvian
editEtymology
editOriginally an old neuter nominative singular form of kas (“who, what”) that acquired the function of a conjunction. Cognates include Old Prussian ka (“who, what”).[1]
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editka
- that; used to link a subordinate clause to the main clause, sometimes with a pronominal antecedent (tas, tāds, tik, tādēļ, tāpēc), with various different functions:
- (a) subject:
- labi, ka darbs padarīts ― (it is) good that the work is done
- viņam nepatika, ka tagad viņi ar Plienu bija palikuši tikai divi ― he didn't like that now only he and Pliens had remained
- aplam darīts arī tas, ka divās dienās nopļāva visu Spilvas pļavu ― wrongly done was also that (= the fact) that (he) mowed the entire Spilva meadow in two days
- tveice bija tāda, ka šķita - tīrums smaržo kā liela rudzu kalte ― the heat was such that one felt (as if) the field smelled like a big rye drier
- (b) attributive complement, (secondary) predicate
- pienāca ziņa, ka tēvs saslimis ― there is news that father is sick
- viņi nolaida karogus per zīmi, ka demonstrācija beigusies ― they lowered the flags as a sign that the protest was over
- vēl vairāk sirdi nospeiž sāpes, / ka atkal apkārt tikai mežs ― even more the heart is oppressed by the pain / that again (there is) only forest around
- ir tāds karstums, ka pat putniņi paslēpušies ― (there) is such a heat that even the little birds are hiding
- (c) direct object
- viņš teica, ka varam iet ― he said that we could go
- Ģirts redzēja, ka Artūrs nekā neapjēdz, ka labāk runāt par ko citu ― Ģirts saw that Artūrs would never realize that it would be better to talk about something else
- Krančelis izrādīja visu savu nemieru ar to, ka nevarēja meiteni iepriecināt ― Krančelis showed all his concern with that (= the fact) that he could not cheer up the girl
- kas gan var būt vēl skaistāks pasaulē par to, ka cilvēks palīdz cilvēkam un draugs - draugam! ― what can be more beautiful in (this) world than that (= the fact) that a person helps (another) person and a friend - (another) friend!
- (d) adverbial complement (manner)
- viņpus upes krastā Preimanis lādējās, ka visa pamale skanēja ― on the shore, on the other side of the river, Preimanis cursed (in such a way) that the whole horizon resounded (with his curses)
- Saulītis krāca tā, ka ārā varēja dzirdēt ― Saulītis snored so (= in such a way) that one could hear it outside
- viņai kļūst kauns par sevi, ka pat domās pieļāvusi salīdzinājumu ― she felt ashamed of herself, that (= because) she had allowed herself (to make) this comparison even in thought
- publicisti uzbruka rakstniekiem, ka tie bez īstas kvēles un dedzības ķeras pagatavot lugas ― the publishers attacked the writers that (= because) they tried to prepare (= write) plays without real fervor and zeal
- “bet varbūt tāpēc līst, ka man sāp zobs”, viņš iedomājās ― “but maybe it is raining for that reason, that (= because) my tooth hurts,” he thought
- krievu valoda mums jāprot tādēļ, ka tā ir mūsu kaimiņu un draugu valoda ― we must know Russian for that reason, that (= because) it is the language of our neighbors and friends
- Ješka nepaguva atbildēt, tāpēc ka papriekš gribēja iedzert ― Ješka couldn't answer, because he first wanted to drink
- tu, tēvoc, daudz ko nedzirdi, tādēļ ka kurls esi palicis ― you, uncle, haven't heard much, because you have become deaf
- (f) adverbial complement (consequence)
- otrā rītā sāp mugura, ka tīri vai jāraud ― the next morning (his) back was in pain, (so much) that (he) simply had to cry
- visi bija tik satraukti, ka nemanīja, vai viņš atsveicinās vai ne ― everybody was so excited that (they) did not noticed whether or not he said goodbye
- Ainas acis vērāas tik mierīgas un vēas, ka viņš atmeta šādu domu ― (but) Aina's eyes were so peaceful and cool (= calm) that he abandoned such thought(s)
- dejotāju kājas bija noru noblietējušas tā, ka zeme sāka skanēt ― the dancers' feet had stomped the (forest) glade so (= in such a way) that the earth began to resound
- vējš gaudoja aizvien stiprāk, tā ka sāka jau drebēt majas jumts ― the wind howled more and more strongly, so that the house roof began to shake
- vecais zvirbulis bija ļoti noskumis un kļuva pat neuzmanīgs, tā ka to gandrīz noķēra pelēkais Minka ― the old sparrow had become very sad and even inattentive, so that the gray Minka (= cat) almost caught him
- (g) adverbial complement (purpose)
- pēc malkas ej, ka var kurināt tam akmenim virsū! ― go find wood, (so) that we can burn it on (top of) that rock
- skrien kā traks, ka tikai izraut lielāku normu ― I run (= work) like crazy, (so) that I may get a larger margin (= advantage)
- (h) adverbial complement (measure, proportion)
- tūlīt pēc kara pievairojis bija pelēču, ka mudž ― immediately after the war the grays (= landowners) became many, (so much) that (they) were swarming
- viņa steidzās tik ļoti, ka neievēroja vaļējās klēts durvis un tajās sēdošo cilvēku ― she hurried so much that (she) did not notice the open barn door and the person sitting in(side of) it
- vai tik daudz sāpju sevī pārvarēji, / ka tikai prieku spēsi citiem sniegt? ― have you overcome so much pain in yourself / that you will be able to give only joy to others?
- (i) adverbial complement (condition)
- kas tas par draugu, ka nevar palīdzēt? ― what kind of friend is he, that (= if) he can't help?
- kur gan esat, zilie ceriņi, ka nekur vairs nesatieku jūs? ― where are you, blue lilac, that (= if) I don't find you anywhere?
Particle
editka
- used to add a nuance of probability or doubt to a, usually negative, utterance, to make it optative, expressive of a desire (cf. kaut); may...
- jāsagrābj siens, ka neuznāk lietus ― (we) have to rake the hay together, may rain not come (i.e., maybe there will be rain)
- vispirms gādājiet, lai rudzi tiek statos; ka neuznāk krusa ― first of all make sure that the rye is in heaps; may hail not come (= i.e., maybe there will be hail)
- ka tik viņš neaizietu! ― may he only not leave! if only he wouldn't leave!
- “ka nenositas”, Nikolajs ieminas, bet onkulis atmet at roku: “liels puisietis, nenositīsies” ― “may he not get himself killed” (i.e., he probably won't get himself killed), Nikolas said, and uncle gestured with his hand: “(he is) a big boy, he won't get himself killed”
- “ak, ka tak viss neietu tik lēnām... tos, kas nomirs, tos tak ielaidīs jūrā?” “laikam”
- “oh, may everything not go so slowly (= if only everything didn't go so slowly)... those who died, they will be thrown into the sea?” “maybe”
- pagája labs brīdis, bet necēlās neviens no pakritušajiem skrējējiem... ka viņu vilks, nu būs abi divi beigti ― a good while went by, but none of the fallen runners stood up... may (the devil) take him, they now will be (= probably are) both finished (= dead)
- used to reinforce the intensity of an action or activity, usually with a repeated verb; ... and ...
- māte tik naigi dur ka dur - šuj savu šujamo ― mother so quickly pierced and pierced - she sows her sowing (= what she needs to sow, i.e. she is certainly carrying out her task)
References
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ka”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lower Sorbian
editPronunciation
editNoun
editka m inan
- The name of the Latin-script letter k/K.
See also
editLutuv
editPronunciation
editVerb
editka
- to shoot
References
edit- Kelly Harper Berkson, Amanda Bohnert, Sui Hnem Par (2022) “Consonant Sounds in Hnaring Lutuv”, in Indiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures[7], volume 3, number 1
Malay
editNoun
editka
- Abbreviation of kaki (“foot (unit of measurement)”).
Further reading
edit- “ka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mandarin
editRomanization
editka
- Nonstandard spelling of kā.
- Nonstandard spelling of kǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of kà.
Usage notes
edit- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mangas
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editka
- second person singular personal pronoun, you
References
edit- Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.
Maori
editParticle
editka
- Marks an event as occurring at some time or as existing
- when; used before a verb to indicate the start of an action or state
- Marks a verb as being in future tense
- Used when counting numbers
- Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru...
- One, two, three...
- Used in commands with taua and tātou
- ātou ka haere
- let's go
- now (for the first time); when used after kātahi anō
References
edit- "ka" - Maori Dictionary
Mapudungun
editAdverb
editka (Raguileo spelling)
Synonyms
editConjunction
editka (Raguileo spelling)
Determiner
editka (Raguileo spelling)
Mizo
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Kuki-Chin *kaj ~ kaj-maʔ , from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-j ~ ka (“I; me”).
Pronoun
editka
References
edit- Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940) “ka”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society
Naxi
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ).
Adjective
editka
References
edit- Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012
Northern Pomo
editNoun
editka
Norwegian Bokmål
editPronoun
editka
- form removed with the spelling reform of 1959; superseded by hva
Norwegian Nynorsk
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editka
- (dialectal, Trøndelag dialect, Northern Norway, Vestlandet, non-standard since 1959) alternative form of kva (“what”)
- Ka e da du gjere på?
- What are you doing?
Nǀuu
editPronunciation
editVerb
editka
- to say
- Gǀa kaǀî dyee ka?
- What is your name? (lit. How do you say your name?)
References
edit- Shah, Sheena & Brenzinger, Matthias. (2017). Writing for Speaking: The Nǀuu Orthography. 10.1017/9781316562949.006.
- Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary
- Exter, Mats. “Properties of the Anterior and Posterior Click Closures in N|uu.” (2008).
Old Prussian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editDerived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas.
Pronoun
editka
References
edit- Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “ka”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian][8] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
- W. R. Schmalstieg (1971) “New Look at the Old Prussian Pronoun”, in Baltistica VII(2), Vilnius: Vilniau Universitetas
Pali
editAlternative forms
editEtymology 1
editFrom the masculine and neuter respectively of Sanskrit क (ká), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kás, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷós.
Pronoun
editka m
- (interrogative) who
- (interrogative) what
- (interrogative) which
- 2006, The First Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Dīgha-Nikāya (I)[9], page 82:
- කන්නු ඛ්වජ්ජ සමණං වා බ්රාහ්මණං වා පයිරුපාසෙය්යාම යන්නො පයිරුපාසතො චිත්තං පසීදෙය්යා!"ති
- kannu khvajja samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā payirupāseyyāma yanno payirupāsato cittaṃ pasīdeyyā!"ti
- Indeed now which ascetic or Brahmin should we visit today who, for us visiting him, will soothe the heart?
Usage notes
editThe pronoun may function as an interrogative adjective.
Declension
editCase \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | ko | ke |
Accusative (second) | kaṃ | ke |
Instrumental (third) | kena | kehi or kebhi |
Dative (fourth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | kasmā or kismā | kehi or kebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhi | kesu |
Derived terms
edit- kā (“who (f)”)
Pronoun
editka n
Usage notes
editThe pronoun may function as an interrogative adjective.
Declension
editCase \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | kiṃ | kāni |
Accusative (second) | kiṃ | kāni |
Instrumental (third) | kena | kehi or kebhi |
Dative (fourth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | kasmā or kismā | kehi or kebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhi | kesu |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editProbably from the pronunciation of a syllable consisting only of the letter.
Noun
editka m
- the Pali letter 'k'
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][10] (overall work in Pali), page 4; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, स, ह, ळ, ं। इति व्यञ्जन नाम होन्ति।
- Ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa, ca, cha, ja, jha, ña, ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha, ṇa, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, va, sa, ha, ḷa, aṃ, iti vyañjanā nāma honti.
- 'k', 'kh', 'g', 'gh', 'ṅ', 'c', 'ch', 'j', 'jh', 'ñ, 'ṭ', 'ṭh', 'ḍ', 'ḍh', 'ṇ', 't', 'th', 'd', 'dh', 'n', 'p', 'ph', 'b', 'bh', 'm', 'y', 'r', 'l', 'v', 's', 'h', 'ḷ' and 'ṃ', these are the consonants by name.
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][11] (overall work in Pali), page 12; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- को यस्स यथा-सको।
- Ko yassa yathā-sako.
- 'K' from 'y' as in 'sako'.
Declension
editSynonyms
editReferences
edit- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “ka˚”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Picuris
editVerb
editka
- to wash
Further reading
edit- Dominic Yu, Comparative Phonology of Picurís and Taos (2008)
Pipil
editPreposition
editka
Further reading
edit- Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter. p. 59
Pitjantjatjara
editConjunction
editka
- and (switching)
- Watingku maḻu nyangu ka wirtjapakaṉu.
- The man saw the kangaroo and the kangaroo ran away.
Usage notes
edit- Ka is a switching conjunction. When it links two clauses or sentences, it conveys that the second clause has a different subject from the first. In cases where the subject remains the same, the conjunction munu is used. In the example above, the subject of the second clause need not be "the kangaroo", although that seems the most likely possibility from context. The ku simply tells us that someone or something other than wati (the subject of the first clause) ran away.
- Although ka is spelt with a short a, the vowel is actually long (kaa). The misleading spelling exists for historical reasons.
Portuguese
editAlternative forms
editInterjection
editka
- ha (representation of laughter)
Rapa Nui
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Polynesian *ka-, *ka. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻa- and Maori ka.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editka
- Used to indicate the future tense.
- Used to indicate the imperative mood.
- Used to indicate the jussive mood.
- Used to indicate the temporal contiguity of an action.
- Used to indicate the conditional mood of a relative clause.
- Used to form a counting form from of the following numeral.
- Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru. ― One, two, three.
Interjection
edit¡ka!
Usage notes
edit- Ka is often used to convey an objective intensification, while ko is used when one has a strong emotion towards the subject.
References
editRawang
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editka
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ) (“bitter”). Cognate with Burmese ခါး (hka:), Old Chinese 苦 (OC *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs).
Adjective
editka
Scots
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editOf imitative origin, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”), English caw.
Noun
editka (plural kas)
Serbo-Croatian
editPreposition
editka (Cyrillic spelling ка)
- Alternative form of k
Synonyms
editAdverb
editka (Cyrillic spelling ка)
- (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, like
Synonyms
editConjunction
editka
- (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, like
Synonyms
editPronoun
editka (Cyrillic spelling ка)
- (Chakavian, Kajkavian, interrogative) which (feminine)
- (Chakavian, Kajkavian, relative) which, that, who (feminine)
- (Chakavian, Kajkavian, indefinite) some (feminine)
Synonyms
editSkou
editParticle
editka
- not - negative particle
- Ke bà fue a bápánenì ne ka.
- That person is not my friend.
References
edit- Donohue, Mark. A Grammar of the Skou Language of New Guinea (2004).
Somali
editEtymology 1
editPreposition
editka
Usage notes
edit- In Somali, prepositions fall before the verb and not before the noun they modify:
Etymology 2
editArticle
editka
- Alternative spelling of -ka
- Garaash ka fur. ― Open the garage.
References
edit- Puglielli, Annarita, Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012) “ka”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga[13], Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN
Spanish
editPronunciation
editNoun
editka f (plural kas)
- Name of the letter k
Further reading
edit- “ka”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Sumerian
editRomanization
editka
- Romanization of 𒅗 (ka)
Swahili
editEtymology
editFrom the -ka- consecutive tense marker.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editka
Tagalog
editEtymology 1
editInfluenced by Baybayin character ᜃ (ka).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ka/ [kɐ]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: ka
Noun
editka (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)
- the name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Abakada alphabet
- Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) key
- (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Abecedario
- Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) key
See also
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (“2sg. subject pronoun”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ka/ [kɐ]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: ka
Pronoun
editka (Baybayin spelling ᜃ) (postpositive)
- you (second person singular)
Usage notes
edit- The word ka usually replaces ikaw when in the middle of a clause.
- When speaking to be polite, use the plural form kayo.
Alternative forms
edit- ca — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
- k — Internet and text messaging slang
Derived terms
editSee also
editPerson | Number | Direct (ang) | Indirect (ng) | Oblique (sa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
First | singular | ako | ko | akin |
dual1 | kita, kata | nita, nata, ta | kanita, kanata, ata | |
plural inclusive | tayo | natin | atin | |
plural exclusive | kami | namin | amin | |
First & Second | singular | kita2 | ||
Second | singular | ikaw, ka | mo | iyo |
plural | kayo, kamo | ninyo, niyo | inyo | |
Third | singular | siya | niya | kaniya |
plural | sila | nila | kanila | |
1 First person dual pronouns are not commonly used in Standard Tagalog. 2 Replaces ko ikaw. |
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈkaʔ/ [ˈkaʔ]
- Rhymes: -aʔ
- Syllabification: ka
Noun
editkâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)
- Alternative spelling of 'ka
Derived terms
editTok Pisin
editEtymology
editNoun
editka
Tuvaluan
editParticle
editka
- future tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb
Ujir
editNumeral
editka
References
edit- Antoinette Schapper, Marian Klamer, Numeral systems in the Alor-Pantar languages
Veps
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb
editka
Conjunction
editka
References
edit- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “безусловно, да, давать, естественно, конечно, но”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][14], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Volapük
editConjunction
editka
- than (used for comparisons)
Ye'kwana
editAlternative forms
edit- cha (allomorph after i)
Pronunciation
editParticle
editka
- Forms a polar (yes/no) question.
Usage notes
editIn most circumstances this particle is found in the second position in a sentence (immediately after the first constituent). Occasionally, for unclear reasons, it may appear elsewhere.
References
edit- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “ka”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[15], Lyon, pages 158–159
Yoruba
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editVerb
editkà
- (intransitive, transitive) to count
- (intransitive, transitive) to read
Usage notes
edit- ka before a direct object
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editLikely cognate with Igala kà (“to tell”) and Igbo kà (“to speak”), perhaps related to Nupe gàn
Pronunciation
editVerb
editkà
- (transitive) to confess (literally, "to recount previous misdeeds involuntarily or under duress")
Usage notes
edit- ka before a direct object
Derived terms
edit- ìkà (“the act of confession”)
Related terms
edit- jẹ́wọ́ (“to confess”)
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editVerb
editkà
Usage notes
edit- ka before a direct object
Derived terms
editEtymology 4
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editVerb
editká
- (transitive) to pluck fruit (from a tree)
- to break something; to knock off something
- (idiomatic) to become snapped under pressure
Derived terms
editEtymology 5
editPronunciation
editVerb
editká
- (transitive) to curl or fold something
- Fọlá, wá bá mi ká aṣọ! ― Fọla, come and help me fold the clothes
- (intransitive) to become curled or folded
- to constrain someone (often via supernatural means)
- (idiomatic) to get something under control
- apá àtẹ́lẹwọ́ kì í ká ilé ― The arm of the palm cannot control the house (Yoruba incantation)
Derived terms
editEtymology 6
editPronunciation
editVerb
editká
- to be everywhere
Usage notes
edit- Used especially in the V2 position
Derived terms
edit- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Translingual terms derived from Georgian
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
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- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɑː
- Rhymes:English/ɑː/1 syllable
- English terms derived from Egyptian
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- Pali terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Pali terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Pali terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Pali terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Pali lemmas
- Pali pronouns
- Pali pronouns in Latin script
- Pali terms with quotations
- Pali nouns
- Pali nouns in Latin script
- Pali masculine nouns
- Picuris lemmas
- Picuris verbs
- Pipil lemmas
- Pipil prepositions
- Pitjantjatjara lemmas
- Pitjantjatjara conjunctions
- Pitjantjatjara terms with usage examples
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese interjections
- Portuguese terms spelled with K
- Rapa Nui terms derived from Proto-Polynesian
- Rapa Nui terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian
- Rapa Nui terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rapa Nui lemmas
- Rapa Nui particles
- Rapa Nui terms with usage examples
- Rapa Nui interjections
- Rawang terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rawang lemmas
- Rawang nouns
- Rawang terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Rawang terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Rawang adjectives
- Scots onomatopoeias
- Scots lemmas
- Scots nouns
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian prepositions
- Serbo-Croatian adverbs
- Chakavian Serbo-Croatian
- Montenegrin Serbo-Croatian
- Serbo-Croatian conjunctions
- Serbo-Croatian pronouns
- Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian
- Skou lemmas
- Skou particles
- Skou terms with usage examples
- Somali lemmas
- Somali prepositions
- Somali terms with usage examples
- Somali articles
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/a
- Rhymes:Spanish/a/1 syllable
- Spanish terms with homophones
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish terms spelled with K
- Spanish feminine nouns
- es:Latin letter names
- Sumerian non-lemma forms
- Sumerian romanizations
- Swahili terms with audio pronunciation
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili adverbs
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/a
- Rhymes:Tagalog/a/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- tl:Latin letter names
- Tagalog terms with historical senses
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog pronouns
- Tagalog clippings
- Rhymes:Tagalog/aʔ
- Rhymes:Tagalog/aʔ/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with maragsa pronunciation
- Tok Pisin terms derived from English
- Tok Pisin lemmas
- Tok Pisin nouns
- tpi:Transport
- Tuvaluan lemmas
- Tuvaluan particles
- Ujir lemmas
- Ujir numerals
- Veps lemmas
- Veps adverbs
- Veps conjunctions
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük conjunctions
- Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ye'kwana lemmas
- Ye'kwana particles
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba verbs
- Yoruba intransitive verbs
- Yoruba transitive verbs
- Yoruba idioms
- Yoruba terms with usage examples