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{{As of|2015}}, the CAF owns 166 aircraft, of which 131 are in airworthy condition, 18 are undergoing maintenance, 15 are in restoration, and 2 are in storage.<ref name="WBNews">{{cite web | url=http://www.warbirdsnews.com/warbirds-news/warbird-collections/commemorative-air-force-news/director-operations-caf.html | title=New Director of Operations for the CAF | publisher=Warbirds News | date=June 22, 2015 | accessdate=June 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=State of the CAF 2016 Report |url= |magazine=The Dispatch |location= |publisher= |date=December 2016 |access-date=December 29, 2016 }}</ref> The entire collection of CAF aircraft is known as the CAF Ghost Squadron.<ref>[http://www.commemorativeairforce.org/info/facts.html "CAF Facts and Information."] ''Commemorative Air Force''. Retrieved: July 22, 2007.</ref> Its aircraft range from the small [[Stinson Aircraft Company|Stinson L-5 Sentinel]] and [[Ryan PT-22]] to the giant Boeing B-29 Superfortress; the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress; and the Consolidated Liberator B Mk I/B-24A Liberator AM927. Many of the CAF aircraft are rare - the CAF operates one of only two flying examples of the historic Boeing B-29 Superfortress, and the only remaining flightworthy [[Curtiss SB2C Helldiver]]. Others, such as the [[Consolidated B-24|B-24/LB-30 Liberator]]; the [[Bell P-63 Kingcobra]] fighter; the Japanese [[Mitsubishi A6M Zero]]; and the Douglas SBD Dauntless are one of only two or three of that type left flying today. The CAF also operates [[Axis Powers|Axis]] and foreign aircraft such as the [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17|MiG 17 Fresco C]].
{{As of|2015}}, the CAF owns 166 aircraft, of which 131 are in airworthy condition, 18 are undergoing maintenance, 15 are in restoration, and 2 are in storage.<ref name="WBNews">{{cite web | url=http://www.warbirdsnews.com/warbirds-news/warbird-collections/commemorative-air-force-news/director-operations-caf.html | title=New Director of Operations for the CAF | publisher=Warbirds News | date=June 22, 2015 | accessdate=June 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=State of the CAF 2016 Report |url= |magazine=The Dispatch |location= |publisher= |date=December 2016 |access-date=December 29, 2016 }}</ref> The entire collection of CAF aircraft is known as the CAF Ghost Squadron.<ref>[http://www.commemorativeairforce.org/info/facts.html "CAF Facts and Information."] ''Commemorative Air Force''. Retrieved: July 22, 2007.</ref> Its aircraft range from the small [[Stinson Aircraft Company|Stinson L-5 Sentinel]] and [[Ryan PT-22]] to the giant Boeing B-29 Superfortress; the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress; and the Consolidated Liberator B Mk I/B-24A Liberator AM927. Many of the CAF aircraft are rare - the CAF operates one of only two flying examples of the historic Boeing B-29 Superfortress, and the only remaining flightworthy [[Curtiss SB2C Helldiver]]. Others, such as the [[Consolidated B-24|B-24/LB-30 Liberator]]; the [[Bell P-63 Kingcobra]] fighter; the Japanese [[Mitsubishi A6M Zero]]; and the Douglas SBD Dauntless are one of only two or three of that type left flying today. The CAF also operates [[Axis Powers|Axis]] and foreign aircraft such as the [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17|MiG 17 Fresco C]].


[[File:B-17 "Sentimental Journey".jpg|thumb|CAF B-17G ''[[Sentimental Journey (aircraft)|Sentimental Journey]]'', tours annually from her [[Falcon Field (Arizona)|Falcon Field]] at [[Mesa, Arizona]] base. Pinup painting is of [[Betty Grable]].<ref>[http://www.azcaf.org/pages/aircraft_bios/B-17G_FlyFort.html Boeing B-17G "Flying Fortress"].</ref>]]
[[File:B-17 "Sentimental Journey".jpg|thumb|CAF B-17G ''[[Sentimental Journey (aircraft)|Sentimental Journey]]'', tours annually from her [[Falcon Field (Arizona)|Falcon Field]] at [[Mesa, Arizona]] base. Pinup painting is of [[Betty Grable]].<ref>[http://www.azcaf.org/pages/aircraft_bios/B-17G_FlyFort.html Boeing B-17G "Flying Fortress"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512173732/http://www.azcaf.org/pages/aircraft_bios/B-17G_FlyFort.html |date=May 12, 2009 }}.</ref>]]
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*[[Aeronca L-3|Aeronca L-3E Defender]] ''LIL' Show Me''
*[[Aeronca L-3|Aeronca L-3E Defender]] ''LIL' Show Me''

Revision as of 07:52, 11 August 2017

P-51C Mustang in Tuskegee Airmen livery as flown by Minnesota wing

The Commemorative Air Force (CAF), formerly the Confederate Air Force, is a Texas-based non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and showing historical aircraft at airshows primarily throughout the U.S. and Canada.

History

Tora! Tora! Tora! Gang flying a Zero, Val, and Kate, break over wall of fire created by the Tora Bomb Squad

The origin of the Commemorative Air Force can be found in an organization called the "Confederate Air Corps" created by Oscar Harper in Montgomery, AL in 1953.[1] Led by the fictional character "Thaddeus P. Throckmorton" and his recruiting officer "Jethro Culpepper", the CAC established several features that later became key characteristics of the CAF: folksy, tongue-in-cheek southern humor; a membership structure based on each member having the equal rank of colonel; and a rallying cry of "Semper, Mint Julep".

In 1957, Lloyd Nolen and four friends purchased a P-51 Mustang, each sharing in the $1,500 cost of the aircraft.[2][3] With the purchase of the Mustang, known as Red Nose, the group that became the CAF was unofficially founded.[3] In 1958, the group made their second purchase of two Grumman F8F Bearcats[3] for $805 each. Along with the P-51, this gave the pilots the two most advanced piston-engine fighters to see service with the U.S. Army Air Forces and the United States Navy.

In 1960, the CAF began seriously to search for other World War II aircraft. The CAF colonels were shocked to find that the aircraft which played such a major role in winning World War II were being rapidly and systematically scrapped as obsolete with no efforts, not even by the Air Force or Navy, to preserve any for display for future generations. The warbirds that remained airworthy were mostly in private hands modified for air racing or had been converted for commercial use as air freighters and aerial firefighters.

On September 6, 1961, the CAF was chartered as a nonprofit Texas corporation to restore and preserve World War II-era combat aircraft.[4] By the end of the year, there were nine aircraft in the CAF fleet. By 1963, the group had achieved their goal of acquiring one of each American World War II fighter plane.[3] Their first airshow was held on March 10, 1963.[5]

In 1965, the first museum building was completed at old Rebel Field, Mercedes, Texas. The CAF created a new Rebel Field at Harlingen, Texas when they moved there in 1968,[3] occupying three large buildings including 26,000 square feet (2,400 m2) of museum space. The CAF fleet continued to grow. By the end of the decade, the CAF fleet included medium and heavy bombers such as the North American B-25 Mitchell, B-17, Consolidated B-24 Liberator. In 1971, they added one of the two airworthy Boeing B-29 Superfortress, FiFi.

In 1983, the American Airpower Heritage Foundation was founded to financially support the CAF.[3]

The group's accomplishments were recognized in 1989 when it became a National Aviation Hall of Fame Spirit of Flight Award winner.[6] It was also honored that year when Texas Governor William Clements signed a resolution naming the CAF the air force of Texas.[3]

In 1990, the CAF added two more corporations.[3] The first was the American Airpower Heritage Flying Museum, tasked with obtaining and maintaining the CAF's aircraft titles. The second was the American Airpower Heritage Museum, which acquired and maintained the CAF's non-aircraft pieces and static displays.[3]

1991 saw the CAF moving operations to Midland, Texas.[4] Once in Midland, the group opened the American Airpower Heritage Museum facilities and the American Combat Airman Hall of Fame.

In April 2014, the CAF announced the move of their headquarters and all of the planes associated with the headquarters to Dallas Executive Airport in Dallas, TX[4][7][8] The museum and its artifacts (including the nose art collection) will also be moved to the new headquarters in Dallas.[9]

Membership

Today, the Commemorative Air Force comprises over 12,000 members,[10] including more than seventy regional groups, called wings or detachments, in twenty-seven states and four other countries. Several hundred members actively serve as pilots and flight and/or maintenance crew members committed to preserving American combat aviation heritage. The CAF is an all-volunteer organization, made up of members from all backgrounds. Membership is open to everyone age 18 or older, and cadet membership is available for those over 12 years of age. Although a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, tax-exempt group,[10][11] the CAF has received financial incentives from state and local governments related to its Dallas relocation as well as its time in Midland.[12][13][14][15]

Name

The original name, Confederate Air Force, started as a simple tongue in cheek joke, poking fun at the organization's ragtag beginnings. As the collection of warbirds at Central Valley Airport in Mercedes, Texas started to grow, someone painted the name on the side of the original North American P-51 Mustang Red Nose. The name stuck, and it grew to the point where the airport was renamed Rebel Field, all members were called "colonels" (a tradition which still remains), and it led to the creation of a fictitious leader named Colonel Jethro E. Culpepper. There was even a humorous CAF twist put to the old AVG Flying Tigers World War II "blood chit" that read, "This foreign person has come to China to help in the war effort. Soldiers and civilians, one and all, should rescue, protect, and provide him medical care." The CAF version seen on the backs of flight suits and flight jackets stated, "This is a CAF aviator. If found lost or unconscious, please hide him from Yankees, revive with mint julep and assist him in returning to friendly territory. CONFEDERATE AIR FORCE".

T-6 Texan converted to resemble a Mitsubishi A6M Zero as flown by the Commemorative Air Force's Tora! Tora! Tora! group

Following a 2001 membership vote, the group changed its name to Commemorative Air Force effective January 1, 2002.[3] Many felt the name Confederate Air Force was confusing, did not accurately reflect the purpose of the organization, and was detrimental to fundraising efforts.[16] This name change was deemed by some fans to be a move of political correctness. According to CAF chief of staff Ray Kinney, "In many people's minds, the word 'confederacy' brings up the image of slavery and discrimination. We, in no way, are associated with that kind of stuff. So, it gives us, in a way, a black-eye."[17]

Objectives

The main objectives of the CAF are:[18]

  1. To acquire, restore, and preserve in flying condition a complete collection of combat aircraft which were flown by all military services of the United States and selected aircraft of other nations for the education and enjoyment of present and future generations of Americans.
  2. To provide museum buildings for the permanent protection and display of these aircraft as a tribute to the thousands of men and women who built, serviced, and flew them.
  3. To perpetuate in the memory and in the hearts of all Americans the spirit in which these great planes were flown in the defense of our nation.
  4. To establish an organization having the dedication, enthusiasm, and esprit de corps necessary to operate/maintain/preserve these aircraft as symbols of our American military aviation heritage.

Aircraft

B-24 "Diamond Lil" from the Commemorative Air Force collection. Airframe was returned to B-24A configuration in 2007.[19]

As of 2015, the CAF owns 166 aircraft, of which 131 are in airworthy condition, 18 are undergoing maintenance, 15 are in restoration, and 2 are in storage.[10][20] The entire collection of CAF aircraft is known as the CAF Ghost Squadron.[21] Its aircraft range from the small Stinson L-5 Sentinel and Ryan PT-22 to the giant Boeing B-29 Superfortress; the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress; and the Consolidated Liberator B Mk I/B-24A Liberator AM927. Many of the CAF aircraft are rare - the CAF operates one of only two flying examples of the historic Boeing B-29 Superfortress, and the only remaining flightworthy Curtiss SB2C Helldiver. Others, such as the B-24/LB-30 Liberator; the Bell P-63 Kingcobra fighter; the Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero; and the Douglas SBD Dauntless are one of only two or three of that type left flying today. The CAF also operates Axis and foreign aircraft such as the MiG 17 Fresco C.

CAF B-17G Sentimental Journey, tours annually from her Falcon Field at Mesa, Arizona base. Pinup painting is of Betty Grable.[22]

AIRSHO

Formation pass during the 2008 CAF AIRSHO

AIRSHO is a yearly event at Midland International Airport showcasing the CAF's aircraft.[5] Because its aircraft tend to be spread out over large geographic distances, and most Ghost Squadron aircraft rarely fly more than a few hours from their home base, AIRSHO is also an opportunity for CAF members to meet up. Ghost Squadron aircraft usually attend AIRSHO every other year. The CAF AIRSHO is the largest warbird air show in the world, with more than eighty warbirds flying per show.[citation needed]

Wings and squadrons

The CAF has many wings and squadrons. Starting in 2013, a limited number of larger units may be designated as an "Airbase." The first is Airbase Arizona, located at Falcon Field in Mesa, AZ and redesignated in Jun 2013. Most CAF units are in the United States, but there are four outside the country.

US wings and squadrons

  • Alaska
    • Anchorage — Alaska Wing
  • Arizona
  • California
    • Camarillo — Southern California Wing
    • Modesto — Central California Valley Squadron
    • Oakland — Golden Gate Wing
    • Riverside — Inland Empire Wing
    • San Diego — Group One Wing
    • Upland — Third Pursuit Squadron
  • Colorado
  • Florida
    • DeLand — Florida Wing
  • Georgia
    • Atlanta — Dixie Wing
  • Illinois
    • Chicago — Great Lakes Wing
  • Indiana
    • Indianapolis — Indiana Wing
  • Kansas
    • Kansas City — Heart of America Wing
    • Wichita — Jayhawk Wing
  • Minnesota
    • Duluth — Lake Superior Squadron 101
    • South St. Paul — Minnesota Wing
  • Mississippi
    • Madison — Mississippi Wing
  • Missouri
    • St. Louis — Missouri Wing
  • Nebraska
    • Omaha — Great Plains Wing
  • Nevada
    • Las Vegas — Nevada Wing
  • New Mexico
    • Albuquerque — Lobo Wing
    • Hobbs — New Mexico Wing
  • New York
    • Buffalo — Buffalo Heritage Squadron
  • North Carolina
    • Southern Pines — Carolinas Wing
  • Ohio
    • Cleveland — Cleveland Wing (Now Buffalo Heritage Squadron)
    • Columbus — Ohio Valley Wing
  • Oklahoma
    • Guymon — Cimmaron Strip Wing
    • Oklahoma City — Oklahoma Wing
    • Oklahoma City — Sierra Hotel A-26 Sponsor Group
    • Tulsa — Spirit of Tulsa Squadron
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia — Delaware Valley Wing
    • Pittsburgh — Keystone Wing
  • Tennessee
    • Memphis — Memphis Squadron
  • Texas
    • Abilene — Big Country Squadron
    • Addison — B-29/B-24 Squadron
    • Amarillo — Dew Line Squadron
    • Brownsville — Rio Grande Valley Wing
    • Burnet — Highland Lakes Squadron
    • Conroe — Big Thicket Wing
    • Corpus Christi — Third Coast Squadron
    • Corsicana — Coyote Squadron
    • Dallas — WASP Squadron[26]
    • Dallas/Fort Worth — Dallas/Fort Worth Wing
    • Fredericksburg — Tex Hill Wing
    • Georgetown — Devil Dog Squadron
    • Graham — Cactus Squadron
    • Houston — Gulf Coast Wing
    • Houston — Houston Wing (formally West Houston Squadron)
    • Marshall — Lone Star Wing
    • Midland — AIRSHO Support Detachment
    • Midland — High Sky Wing
    • Midland — West Texas Wing
    • Odessa — Desert Squadron
    • San Marcos — Centex Wing
    • San Marcos — Yellow Rose Squadron[27]
  • Utah
    • Heber — Utah Wing[28]
  • Virginia
    • Chesapeake — Old Dominion Squadron
    • Culpeper — National Capital Squadron
  • Wisconsin
    • Waukesha — Wisconsin Wing[29]
  • National Units
    • Culpeper's Angels
    • Explosive Ordnance Detachment
    • Marshalling Detachment
    • Medical Detachment
    • Security Detachment
    • TRARON

International wings & squadrons

  • Australia
    • New South Wales — Australian Wing
  • France
    • Aulnay Sous Bois — French Wing
  • New Zealand
    • Auckland — New Zealand Wing
  • Switzerland
    • Olten — Swiss Wing

References

Notes

  1. ^ Chicago Tribune, February 1, 1956, page 6
  2. ^ "CAF History." Commemorative Air Force. Retrieved: April 3, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Leatherwood, Art. "COMMEMORATIVE AIR FORCE". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c Associated Press (April 29, 2014). "Commemorative Air Force Moving Headquarters to Dallas". NBC. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  5. ^ a b "AIRSHO". Commemorative Air Force. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  6. ^ "Milton Caniff Spirit of Flight Award". National Aviation Hall of Fame. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  7. ^ Collins, Mike (April 29, 2014). "CAF headquarters moving to Dallas Executive". Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  8. ^ Gillett, Bud (April 29, 2014). "The Commemorative Air Force Relocates To Oak Cliff". CBS. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  9. ^ Rist, Matthew (December 11, 2014). "CAF Announces Plans to Move Equipment, Museum Artifacts to Dallas". CBS. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  10. ^ a b c "New Director of Operations for the CAF". Warbirds News. June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  11. ^ "CAF_IRS_501c3_letter.pdf" (PDF). Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  12. ^ https://www.sao.texas.gov/SAOReports/ReportNumber?id=15-013
  13. ^ Vanderlaan, Jon (February 17, 2015). "Commemorative Air Force Loses State Money". Odessa American. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  14. ^ Appleton, Roy (November 3, 2014). "Dallas council panel backs incentives for Commemorative Air Force". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  15. ^ Appleton, Roy (November 12, 2014). "Dallas City Council approves relocation grant to Commemorative Air Force". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  16. ^ "CAF News 2001 Press Release." Commemorative Air Force. Retrieved: August 14, 2007.
  17. ^ http://amarillo.com/stories/2001/12/08/tex_confederate.shtml
  18. ^ "Commemorative Air Force History & Mission". Commemorative Air Force. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  19. ^ "CAF "Diamond Lil" back to B-24A configuration." Commemorative Air Force. Retrieved: August 14, 2007.
  20. ^ "State of the CAF 2016 Report". The Dispatch. December 2016. {{cite magazine}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  21. ^ "CAF Facts and Information." Commemorative Air Force. Retrieved: July 22, 2007.
  22. ^ Boeing B-17G "Flying Fortress" Archived May 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  23. ^ http://www.cafutahwing.org/stearman-n2s.html
  24. ^ Wood, Keith, Flying the Ghost - SBD Dauntless, December 2009, pp.11-14
  25. ^ North American L-17 Navion Accessdate:4 April 2014
  26. ^ http://riseabovewasp.org/
  27. ^ Tallman, Jill W. "Yellow Rose in the Hill Country". AOPA Pilot, April 2014. p. 48.
  28. ^ http://www.cafutahwing.org/
  29. ^ http://www.cafwi.org/

Bibliography

  • Ogden, Bob. Aviation Museums & Collections of North America. London: Air-Britain, 2007. ISBN 0-85130-385-4.
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