Astrosociology
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Astrosociology, sociology of outer space, or sociology of the universe[1] is the study of the relationship between outer space, extraterrestrial places, and the wider universe and society. It is an interdisciplinary study between space-related sciences and sociology that seeks to understand the impact of human society outside our current planetary system.[2][3]
Astrosociology focuses on space exploration and related issues alongside the social and cultural dimensions of outer space from the viewpoint of human civilisation.[4][5]
History
[edit]Astrosociology started as a subfield and interdisciplinary area of study in 2003 to research the two-way relationship that exists between outer space and society, or astrosocial phenomena (e.g. the social, cultural, and behavioral patterns related to outer space).[2][6]
In 2008, Jim Pass created the Astrosociology Research Institute (ARI) as a nonprofit research centre to advance the field of astrosociology.[7]
Research areas
[edit]Commercialisation of space
[edit]The process and phenomenon of globalisation can be seen to be expanding past the planetary system and into space commercialisation. Capitalist, including neoliberal, points of view are that space is an untapped resource for marketisation.[8] This presents a shift from the Space Race and astropolitics of the Cold War[9] and into a new era of space commercialisation.[10] Examples of this are Blue Origin and SpaceX that offer private contract services for government agencies like NASA.[11]
Extraterrestrial life
[edit]The existence of extraterrestrial life, life outside of Earth, is an ongoing scientific search as well as societal debate. Astrobiology to planetary geology are some of the disciplines interested in finding life elsewhere in space. Astrosociology intersects these by exploring the social dimensions of finding extraterrestrial life – exploring the impact of human systems throughout religious to economic.[12]
There is also research into how these extraterrestrial places and potential life interlink with our own world, with the global environmental and ecological systems here on Earth, and vice versa. This potential relationship of space and extraterrestrial places impacting our society, humanity, and humans as we know ourselves alongside our impact elsewhere plays an ongoing astrosociologcial paradigm within research.[13][14]
Human civilisations beyond Earth
[edit]A focus of astrosociology is the presence of human populations outside the confines of Earth. In 2006, Jim Pass predicted this as being likely, stating, "For a number of reasons, the construction of a single space colony represents a future social reality strongly likely to play itself out repeatedly as the twenty-first century advances".[15]
Social systems beyond Earth will be affected by the technology involved, including programmes like SpaceX and Deep Space Transport. Time will be considered a question of study for astrosociology, in the sense that the social representation and understanding of time and how the passing of time is understood outside of the day-night cycle here on Earth.[10][16]
Human existence outside of Earth is expected to create new areas of astrosocial and astropolitical dimensions that human societies.[17] Public perceptions of space are considered as a subtopic of astrosociology. The transition from beyond-Earth human existence being seen as external to society to it being seen as part of society is a question to be studied in astrosociology.[18]
Space exploration
[edit]Understanding future expansion into places like the Moon, Mars, and elsewhere outside of Earth needs a reflection on the sociological factors throughout exploration phases.[19] An example of this is looking at past space explorations and social dynamics, from leadership relations among astronauts to work-rest scheduling,[20] to provide sociological insight into future space exploration missions. As humans remain in an era phase of space exploration and travel, the astrosociological focus is often on the micro societal aspects of space that are created in situations like the International Space Station and future space missions.[21]
See also
[edit]- Human spaceflight – Spaceflight with a crew or passengers
- Human presence in space – Physical presence of human activity in outer space
- Space – Framework of distances and directions
- Politics of outer space – Political considerations of space policy
References
[edit]- ^ Dickens, Peter (2007). Cosmic society : towards a sociology of the universe. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-54592-1. OCLC 984419913.
- ^ a b Hearsey, Christopher M.; Pass, Jim (2011). "Astrosociology". Astropolitics. 9 (1): 1–5. Bibcode:2011AstPo...9....1H. doi:10.1080/14777622.2011.557614. ISSN 1477-7622. S2CID 218623398.
- ^ Dickens, Peter; Ormrod, James S. (2007). "Outer Space and Internal Nature: Towards a Sociology of the Universe". Sociology. 41 (4): 609–626. doi:10.1177/0038038507078915. ISSN 0038-0385. S2CID 144906571.
- ^ Pass, Jim (2011). "Examining the Definition of Astrosociology". Astropolitics. 9 (1): 6–27. Bibcode:2011AstPo...9....6P. doi:10.1080/14777622.2011.557854. ISSN 1477-7622. S2CID 143986592.
- ^ Dickens, Peter; Ormrod, James (2016). The Palgrave handbook of society, culture and outer space. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-36351-0. OCLC 913573091.
- ^ Caroti, Simone (12 April 2011). "Defining Astrosociology from a Science Fiction Perspective". Astropolitics. 9 (1): 39–49. Bibcode:2011AstPo...9...39C. doi:10.1080/14777622.2011.557616. ISSN 1477-7622. S2CID 144212567.
- ^ Astrosociology Research Institute (2021). "Astrosociology". Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ Spector, Sam (2020). "The cosmic-local nexus: intersections between outer space and rural communities". Tourism Recreation Research. 45 (1): 94–106. doi:10.1080/02508281.2019.1658959. ISSN 0250-8281. S2CID 203128112.
- ^ Dunnett, Oliver (3 April 2017). "Geopolitical Cultures of Outer Space: The British Interplanetary Society, 1933–1965". Geopolitics. 22 (2): 452–473. doi:10.1080/14650045.2016.1247267. ISSN 1465-0045. S2CID 151670049.
- ^ a b Peters, Michael A. (2017). "Beyond Earth's Globalization: Sociology of Outer Space?". Review of Contemporary Philosophy. 16: 83. doi:10.22381/RCP1620173. hdl:10289/12497. ISSN 1841-5261.
- ^ Genta, Giancarlo (2014). "Private space exploration: A new way for starting a spacefaring society?". Acta Astronautica. 104 (2): 480–486. Bibcode:2014AcAau.104..480G. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.04.008.
- ^ McAdamis, E.M. (2011). "Astrosociology and the Capacity of Major World Religions to Contextualize the Possibility of Life Beyond Earth". Physics Procedia. 20: 338–352. Bibcode:2011PhPro..20..338M. doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2011.08.031.
- ^ Hearsey, Christopher; Pass, Jim (9 January 2012). "The Astrosociological Paradigm: The Interplay between Ecologies and Environments". 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Aerospace Sciences Meetings. Nashville, Tennessee: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. doi:10.2514/6.2012-201. ISBN 978-1-60086-936-5.
- ^ Pass, Jim; Robertson, Glen A. (2010). "Astrosociological Implications of Astrobiology (Revisited)". AIP Conference Proceedings. 1208 (1): 402–417. Bibcode:2010AIPC.1208..402P. doi:10.1063/1.3326269.
- ^ Pass, Jim (2006). "The Astrosociology of Space Colonies: Or the Social Construction of Societies in Space". AIP Conference Proceedings. 813. Albuquerque, New Mexico (USA): AIP: 1153–1161. Bibcode:2006AIPC..813.1153P. doi:10.1063/1.2169297.
- ^ Harrison, Albert A. (2011). "The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence: Astrosociology and Cultural Aspects". Astropolitics. 9 (1): 63–83. Bibcode:2011AstPo...9...63H. doi:10.1080/14777622.2011.557619. ISSN 1477-7622. S2CID 143635019.
- ^ Billings, Linda (2006). "How shall we live in space? Culture, law and ethics in spacefaring society". Space Policy. 22 (4): 249–255. Bibcode:2006SpPol..22..249B. doi:10.1016/j.spacepol.2006.08.001.
- ^ Nim, Evgeniya G. (2018). "Outer Space as a Sociological Frontier". Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal. 24 (2): 8–27. doi:10.19181/socjour.2018.24.2.5843.
- ^ Bluth, B. J. (1981). "Sociological aspects of permanent manned occupancy of space". AIAA Student Journal. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 19: 11–15, 48. ISSN 0001-1460. PMID 11542394.
- ^ Lundquist, C.A.; Tarter, D.; Coleman, A. (2011). "Identifying Sociological Factors for the Success of Space Exploration". Physics Procedia. 20: 331–337. Bibcode:2011PhPro..20..331L. doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2011.08.030.
- ^ ESA (2021). "Psycho-sociological issues, Cognition and performance". www.esa.int. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
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