Battle of Webi River
| Battle of Webi River | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Ethiopian Empire |
 Adal Sultanate | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
 Sarsa Dengel |
Muhammad ibn Nasir  Wakar Muhammad [2]Wabaz Muhammad [3] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Heavy; entire force annihilated | ||||||
The Battle of Webi River was fought in 1576 between the forces of Adal led by Muhammad ibn Nasir, and the Abyssinian army, under Sarsa Dengel. The outcome of this last war proved to be the end of the political importance of Harar, as the invading Muslim force was liquidated. This major defeat ended the Sultanate of Adal's status as a major military power and permanently ceased its aggression towards Ethiopia.[4] With the battle and the resulting executions of the Adalite nobility, Adal as a military power "was extinguished forever" in the words of historian J. Spencer Trimingham.[5]
Battle
[edit]While campaigning in Wej province, Sarsa Dengel learned that Muhammad ibn Nasir had killed all the Muslim leaders that were friendly to the Christian empire in the area. The Emperor then established himself at Sharkha and sent thirty scouts to locate the whereabouts of the Adalite army, the scouts learned that Muhammad's army was established in the Hadiya area along the Weyib River and was also joined by an army led by Asmadin, a chief of Wej.[6]
The Emperor then marched into the area and encamped within sight of the enemy. The two armies then fought a series of inconclusive battles were a number of Muhammad's men deflected to the Abyssinians, the fighting grew so fierce that the Emperor erected a defensive rampart around the camp. Muhammad, seeing that it was impossible to advance any further decided to return to Harar, the Emperor then attempted to lure him into a battle by pretending to be afraid and acting like he was about to flee. This strategy was successful and a major engagement was fought between the Muslims and the Abyssinians. Asmadin then decided to deflect to Sarsa Dengel with sixty of his horsemen and a large number of other soldiers.[6]
Muhammad ibn Nasir, realizing that the battle was lost, finally decided to retreat back to Adal and rode off with fifty horsemen. However along the way the Adalites looted the oxen belonging to some Hadiya peasants, the peasants were outraged and blocked the escape routes. As a result, Muhammad and most of his men were captured by the Abyssinians. Consequently, Muhammad was executed, along with numerous other notable Adalite leaders and three sons of Nur ibn Mujahid.[7]
According to James Bruce; "The whole Moorish army perished this day, except the horse, either by the sword or in the river, nor had the Moors received so severe a blow since the defeat of Gragne by Claudius (Gelawdewos)."[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.96
- ^ Budge, E. A. Wallis. A History of Ethiopia: Volume II (Routledge Revivals): Nubia and Abyssinia. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2014, p.365[1]
- ^ Budge, E. A. Wallis. A History of Ethiopia: Volume II (Routledge Revivals): Nubia and Abyssinia. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2014, p.365[2]
- ^ "The Oromo of Ethiopia 1500-1800" (PDF).p.206
- ^ Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.96
- ^ a b Pankhurst, Richard (1997). The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century. Red Sea Press. p. 248. ISBN 9780932415196.
- ^ Pankhurst, Richard (1997). The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century. Red Sea Press. p. 249. ISBN 9780932415196.
- ^ Bruce, James (1813). "The Source of the Nile". Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, in the Years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, & 1773. 3: 239. Retrieved 31 December 2017.