Cearachelys
| Cearachelys Temporal range: Early Cretaceous,
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|---|---|
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| Fossil | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Pleurodira |
| Family: | †Bothremydidae |
| Subfamily: | †Bothremydinae |
| Tribe: | †Cearachelyini |
| Genus: | †Cearachelys Gaffney, Campos and Hirayama, 2001 |
| Species: | †C. placidoi
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| Binomial name | |
| †Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney, Campos and Hirayama, 2001
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Cearachelys is an extinct genus of pleurodiran turtle which existed some 110 million years ago.[1] The genus is monotypic, with only type species Cearachelys placidoi known.[2]
Etymology
[edit]The genus was named for Ceará, the Brazilian state where the species was discovered. The specific name was named after Placido Nuvens, a director of the Museu Paleontologico de Santana do Cariri.[2]
Description
[edit]In 2001, the remains of two mostly complete turtle skeletons from the Early Cretaceous rocks of the Santana Group were used to describe Cearachelys placidoi. Both specimens were from the Romualdo Formation of the group in what is now northwestern Brazil. The type specimen, tentatively labeled MPSC-uncatalogued (for the Museu Paleontologico de Santana do Cariri where the specimen resides), consisted of an incomplete skull, the turtle's shell, a few neck vertebrae and some limb bone fragments. The second specimen, TUTg 1798 is a more complete fossil consisting of most of the turtle's axial and appendicular skeleton. While this specimen hails from the same locality, it was actually procured by the museum eight years prior, in 1993.[2] A fragmentary third specimen was identified in 2007 as belonging to C. placidoi. The specimen, MN-6760-V, consisted of a rather complete fossilized carapace and plastron measuring some 20 cm long.[3]
The species was identified as a pleurodire based on a number of distinguishing anatomical characteristics – mainly the arrangement of skeletal elements in its skull and the attachment of its pelvic girdle to its carapace. Further analysis of its skull elements led to its classification in the family Bothremydidae. However, skull elements also differentiate the species from the other members of its family.[2] Its closest relation seems to be from a taxon that evolved much later, the Late Cretaceous turtle Galianemys from Morocco. Both genera possess a rather retracted jugal bone, a characteristic not seen in other bothremydids.[4] In a 2006 paper on the phylogeny of extinct pleurodires, Gaffney united the two closely related genera in the tribe Cearachelyini.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Fernandes Aquino dos Santos, Márcia; Mattos, Ingrid; Mermudes, José Ricardo M.; Scheffler, Sandro Marcelo; Reyes-Castillo, Pedro (2020). "A new passalid fossil (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Santana Formation (Crato member, Lower Cretaceous), Araripe Basin, NE Brazil: Paleoecological and paleobiogeographic implications". Cretaceous Research. 118: 104664. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104664. S2CID 225163208.
- ^ a b c d Gaffney, Eugene S.; Diogenes de Almeida Campos; Ren Hirayama (2001-02-27). "Cearachelys, a New Side-necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil". American Museum Novitates (3319). New York: American Museum of Natural History: 9. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)319<0001:CANSNT>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2936.
- ^ de Oliveira, Gustavo Ribeiro (2007). "Taphonomical Aspects of Testudines from Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Araripe Basin, Northeastern Brazil". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ. 30 (1). Brazil: 83–93. e-.
- ^ Gaffney, Eugene S.; Haiyan Tong; Peter A. Meylan (2002-08-16). "Galianemys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco". American Museum Novitates (3379). New York: American Museum of Natural History: 1–20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2002)379<0001:GANSNT>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2868. S2CID 59369303.
- ^ Gaffney, E. S.; Tong, H.; Meylan, P. A. (2006-11-17). "Evolution of the side-necked turtles: The families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 300. New York: American Museum of Natural History: 1–700. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)300[1:EOTSTT]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5824. S2CID 85790134.