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Clupavus

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Clupavus
Temporal range: Aptian to earliest Turonian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
(unranked): Otophysi
Family: †Clupavidae
Genus: †Clupavus
Arambourg, 1950
Type species
†Clupavus maroccanus
Arambourg, 1968
Species
  • †C. brasiliensis Santos, 1985[1]
  • †C. maroccanus Arambourg, 1968[2]

Clupavus is an extinct genus of marine ray-finned fish that lived during the middle of the Cretaceous period.[3] It is known from North Africa, Europe, Brazil, and possibly North America.

Taxonomy

[edit]

It contains the following species:

Fossils of an indeterminate Clupavus species are abundant in the Albian-aged Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy, and the Cenomanian-aged Komen Limestone of Slovenia.[7][8] A few specimens of a potential indeterminate species are also known from the Albian-aged Mowry Shale of Wyoming, USA.[9][10]

The genus was initially described in 1950 with the species C. neocomiensis (Bassani, 1879) as its type species, based on a specimen from Morocco classified C. cf. neocomiensis. In 1968, the original C. neocomiensis was found to be synonymous with Leptolepis brodiei, so Clupavus was redefined with the newly-described C. maroccanus as the type species.[11][12] The classification of C. brasiliensis in this genus has been questioned, as it differs from C. maroccanus in the morphology of the caudal skeleton.[13][14] The species Casieroides yamangaensis and Chardonius longicaudatus from the Democratic Republic of the Congo were initially classified in this genus, but are now known to be unrelated.[4]

Initially described as a member of the Clupeiformes,[12] later studies have found the presence of a Weberian apparatus in members of this genus, indicating them to be basal otophysans.[4][15] Relatives of Clupavus include Lusitanichthys and possibly Jhingrania.[16][17]

Ecology

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Clupavus is one of the most common fossil fishes in the formations where it occurs in Europe.[5][7][8] They are especially common in the Hesseltal Formation of Germany, from around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. These German fossils indicate that Clupavus was a widespread, sardine-like shoaling fish, closely associated with cool waters from upwelling, that served as the base of the food chain in marine ecosystems of the Tethys Sea and pre-North Sea. Remains of Clupavus have been found as the fossilized stomach contents of medium-sized predatory fishes such as Bananogmius ornatus and possibly Protostomias maroccanus.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b Alvarado-Ortega, J.; Brito, P. M. (2010). "A new ichthyodectiform (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the Lower Cretaceous Marizal Formation, north-east Brazil". Palaeontology. 53 (2): 297–306. Bibcode:2010Palgy..53..297A. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00935.x. S2CID 129520963.
  2. ^ a b Khalloufi, B.; Ouarhache, D.; Lelièvre, H. (2010). "New paleontological and geological data about Jbel Tselfat (Late Cretaceous of Morocco)". Historical Biology. 22 (1–3): 57–70. Bibcode:2010HBio...22...57K. doi:10.1080/08912961003668756. S2CID 140173280.
  3. ^ "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  4. ^ a b c Murray, A.M. (2000). "The Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic fishes of Africa". Fish and Fisheries. 1 (2): 111–145. Bibcode:2000AqFF....1..111M. doi:10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00015.x. ISSN 1467-2960.
  5. ^ a b c Hunt, Adrian P.; Milàn, Jesper; Lucas, Spencer G.; Spielmann, Justin A. (2012). Vertebrate Coprolites: Bulletin 57. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.
  6. ^ Amalfitano, Jacopo; Giusberti, Luca; Fornaciari, Eliana; Carnevale, Giorgio (2020-04-03). "UPPER CENOMANIAN FISHES FROM THE BONARELLI LEVEL (OAE2) OF NORTHEASTERN ITALY". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 126 (2). doi:10.13130/2039-4942/13224. ISSN 2039-4942.
  7. ^ a b Signore, M. (2004). "Sample excavations in Pietraroja (lower Cretaceous, Southern Italy) in 2001 and notes on the Pietraroja palaeoenvironment" (PDF). www.PalArch.nl, vertebrate palaeontology. 2 (2).
  8. ^ a b Palci, Alessandro; Jurkovšek, Bogdan; Kolar-Jurkovšek, Tea; Caldwell, Michael W. (2008). "New palaeoenvironmental model for the Komen (Slovenia) Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) fossil lagerstätte". Cretaceous Research. 29 (2): 316–328. Bibcode:2008CrRes..29..316P. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2007.05.003. ISSN 0195-6671.
  9. ^ Dunkle, David H. (1971). "Notes on an Addition to the Fish Fauna of the Mowry Shale (Cretaceous) of Wyoming". Kirtlandia. 14: 1––8.
  10. ^ Lucas, Spencer G.; Sullivan, Robert M. (2006-01-01). Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior: Bulletin 35. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.
  11. ^ C Arambourg (1968). A propos du genre Clupavus Aramb. (Rectification de nomenclature) (in French).
  12. ^ a b Taverne, Louis (1977-01-01). "Ostéologie de Clupavus maroccanus(Crétacé supérieur du Maroc) et considérations sur la position systématique et les relations des Clupavidae au sein de l'ordre des Clupéiformes sensu stricto (Pisces, Teleostei)". Geobios. 10 (5): 697–722. Bibcode:1977Geobi..10..697T. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(77)80048-X. ISSN 0016-6995.
  13. ^ Filleul, Arnaud; Maisey, John G. (2004). "Redescription of Santanichthys diasii (Otophysi, Characiformes) from the Albian of the Santana Formation and Comments on Its Implications for Otophysan Relationships". American Museum Novitates (3455): 1–21. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)455<0001:ROSDOC>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0003-0082.
  14. ^ Murray, A.; Wilson, Mark; Gibb, S.; Chatterton, B. (2013). "Additions to the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian/Turonian) actinopterygian fauna from the Agoult locality, Akrabou Formation, Morocco, and comments on the palaeoenvironment". Mesozoic Fishes 5 – Global Diversity and Evolution. S2CID 130634198.
  15. ^ Near, Thomas J.; Thacker, Christine E. (2024). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1): 3–302. doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. ISSN 0079-032X.
  16. ^ Cavin, Lionel (1999-11-15). "A new clupavidae (teleostei, ostariophysi) from the Cenomanian of Daoura (Morocco)". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science. 329 (9): 689–695. Bibcode:1999CRASE.329..689C. doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(00)87647-8. ISSN 1251-8050.
  17. ^ Khosla, Ashu; Lucas, Spencer G. (2016-01-01). Cretaceous Period: Biotic Diversity and Biogeography: Bulletin 71. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.


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