Diarylpropionitrile
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| Other names | SC-4473 |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.159.105 |
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| Formula | C15H13NO2 |
| Molar mass | 239.274 g·mol−1 |
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Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), also known as 2,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile (2,3-BHPPN), is a synthetic, nonsteroidal, and highly selective agonist of ERβ (IC50 = 15 nM)[1] that is used widely in scientific research to study the function of this receptor.[2][3] It is 70-fold more selective for ERβ over ERα,[4] and has 100-fold lower affinity for GPER (GPR30) relative to estradiol.[5] DPN produces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in animals via activation of the endogenous oxytocin system.[6] First reported in 2001, DPN was the first selective ERβ agonist to be discovered, and was followed by prinaberel (ERB-041, WAY-202041), WAY-200070, and 8β-VE2 in 2004, ERB-196 (WAY-202196) in 2005, and certain phytoestrogens like liquiritigenin and nyasol (cis-hinokiresinol) since 2007.[7]
DPN is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, (R)-DPN and (S)-DPN. Relative to (R)-DPN, (S)-DPN has between 3- and 7-fold higher affinity for ERβ and appears to have higher intrinsic activity in activating ERβ.[8][9] However, both enantiomers have very high affinity, potency, selectivity for ERβ and efficaciously activate ERβ.[8] In any case, it has been suggested that (S)-DPN might be the preferred enantiomer to use for scientific research.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "2,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile". Sigmaaldrich.com. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ Pfaus JG, Jone LS, Flanagan-Cato LM, Blaustein JD (15 November 2014). "Female Sexual Behavior". In Plant TM, Zeleznik AJ (eds.). Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction: Two-Volume Set. Academic Press. pp. 2311–. ISBN 978-0-12-397769-4.
- ^ Fex Svenningsen A, Wicher G, Lundqvist J, Pettersson H, Corell M, Norlin M (May 2011). "Effects on DHEA levels by estrogen in rat astrocytes and CNS co-cultures via the regulation of CYP7B1-mediated metabolism". Neurochemistry International. 58 (6): 620–4. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2011.01.024. PMID 21300119. S2CID 6438705.
- ^ Hwang KA, Choi KC (5 November 2015). "Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with Estrogenicity Posing the Risk of Cancer Progression in Estrogen-Responsive Gene". Advances in Molecular Toxicology. Academic Press. pp. 16–. ISBN 978-0-12-802430-0.
- ^ Rossi DV, Dai Y, Thomas P, Carrasco GA, DonCarlos LL, Muma NA, Li Q (August 2010). "Estradiol-induced desensitization of 5-HT1A receptor signaling in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is independent of estrogen receptor-beta". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 35 (7): 1023–33. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.01.003. PMC 2891004. PMID 20138435.
- ^ Kudwa AE, McGivern RF, Handa RJ (April 2014). "Estrogen receptor β and oxytocin interact to modulate anxiety-like behavior and neuroendocrine stress reactivity in adult male and female rats". Physiology & Behavior. 129: 287–296. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.004. PMC 5802969. PMID 24631553.
- ^ Deroo BJ, Buensuceso AV (September 2010). "Minireview: Estrogen receptor-beta: mechanistic insights from recent studies". Molecular Endocrinology. 24 (9): 1703–1714. doi:10.1210/me.2009-0288. PMC 5417404. PMID 20363876.
- ^ a b c Carroll VM, Jeyakumar M, Carlson KE, Katzenellenbogen JA (January 2012). "Diarylpropionitrile (DPN) enantiomers: synthesis and evaluation of estrogen receptor β-selective ligands". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 55 (1): 528–537. doi:10.1021/jm201436k. PMC 3381613. PMID 22122563.
- ^ Weiser MJ, Wu TJ, Handa RJ (April 2009). "Estrogen receptor-beta agonist diarylpropionitrile: biological activities of R- and S-enantiomers on behavior and hormonal response to stress". Endocrinology. 150 (4): 1817–1825. doi:10.1210/en.2008-1355. PMC 2659273. PMID 19074580.
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