Eucleia
In Greek mythology, Eucleia or Eukleia (Ancient Greek: Ευκλεία) was the feminine personification of honor, glory, and good repute.[1]
Family
[edit]Along with her sisters, Eupheme, Euthenia and Philophrosyne, she was a member of the younger Charites.[2] According to Plutarch, Eucleia was also used as an epithet of Artemis.[3]
According to an Orphic rhapsody fragment, Eucleia's parents were Hephaestus and Aglaia.[4] Alternatively, Plutarch stated that Eucleia was sometimes considered a separate goddess and the daughter of Heracles and Myrto, and as she died a virgin, she came to be venerated as a goddess.[3]
Mythology
[edit]In Greek vase paintings, particularly from 5th century Athens, Eucleia is frequently shown among the attendants of Aphrodite, where she represents the good repute of a chaste bride or is performing stereotypically feminine tasks.[5][1] She was also referred by ancient Greek author Bacchylides as "garland-loving".[6]
Cult
[edit]Eucleia was worshipped in Locris and Boeotia.[7] Plutarch states that all cities in these areas had an image and altar of her, and this is where brides and grooms would perform a sacrifice.[3] At Thebes, her statue was created by Skopas.[8] In Athens, a temple was dedicated to Artemis-Eucleia in honor of those who fought in the Battle of Marathon, which is referenced by Greek author Plutarch and Roman geographer Pausanias.[3][9] It is likely that Eucleia was worshipped together with Eunomia at Athens, as they were served by one priest.[10]
In Paros and Epiros, military generals (stratêgoi) offered dedications to Eucleia along with Aphrodite, Zeus (Aphrodisios), Hermes, and Artemis.[11]
There was a sanctuary dedicated to Eucleia at Aigai (Aegae), the ancient capital of Macedonia.[12] The sanctuary consisted of a 4th-century Doric temple, a small Hellenistic era temple, and two stoas.[8] At least two statue bases were votive offerings by Eurydice, paternal grandmother of Alexander the Great; it has been suggested that these offerings were made to commemorate Philip II's victory at Chaeronea in 338 B.C.E.[8] It is possible that there was a statue of Eucliea in the sanctuary.[8] In the area surround the sanctuary, at least three burials of significant people, who were crowned with golden oak leaf wreathes, have been discovered.[13]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Smith, Amy C. (2005). "The politics of weddings at Athens: an iconographic assessment" (PDF). Leeds International Classical Studies. 4 (1): 1–32.
- ^ Atsma, Aaron J. (2017). "EUKLEIA". Theoi Project.
- ^ a b c d Plutarch, Aristides, 20.5-6
- ^ Orphic fr. 182 Kern, p. 213 (English translation).
- ^ Mylonopoulos, Joannis (2013). "Amy C. Smith, Polis and Personnification in Classical Athenian Art". Chronique des activités scientifiques Revue des livres. 26: 391–396 – via Kernos.
- ^ Bacchylides, Fragment 13
- ^ Borza, p. 192
- ^ a b c d Palagia, Olga (2016). "Visualising the gods in Macedonia: from Philip II to Perseus". Pharos. 22: 73–98.
- ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1.14.5
- ^ Stafford, E. J. (1994). Greek cults of deified abstractions (Doctoral dissertation, University of London).
- ^ Budin, Stephanie Lynn (2010). "Aphrodite Enoplion". In Smith, Amy C.; Pickup, Sadie (eds.). Brill's Companion to Aphrodite. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 85. ISBN 978-90-04-18003-1.
- ^ Drougou, Stella (2011). "Vergina—The Ancient City of Aegae". In Lane Fox, Robin J. (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon. Boston, MA: Brill. pp. 243-256. ISBN 978-9004206502.
- ^ Kyriakou, Athanasia (2014). "Exceptional burials at the sanctuary of Eukleia at Aegae (Vergina): the gold oak wreath". Annual of the British School at Athens. 109: 251–285. doi:10.1017/S0068245414000082. S2CID 194950425.
References
[edit]- Borza, Eugene, In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon, Princeton University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-691-05549-1.
- Kern, Otto, Orphicorum Fragmenta, Berlin, 1922. Scans at the Internet Archive, English translation at HellenicGods.org.
- Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Eucleia"