First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union

First Deputy Premier of the
Soviet Union
First Deputy Premier of the; Soviet Union
Первый заместитель Председателя Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР (1923–1946); Первый заместитель Председателя Совета министров СССР (1946–1991); Первый заместитель премьер-министра СССР (1991)
	Coat of arms of the Soviet Union
	Longest serving; Kirill Mazurov; 26 March 1965 – 28 November 1978
Type	Deputy head of government
Reports to	Premier
Formation	14 May 1934
First holder	Valerian Kuybyshev
Final holder	Vladimir Shcherbakov [ru]
Abolished	26 November 1991
Succession	First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia

The first deputy premier of the Soviet Union was the deputy head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Despite the title, the office was not always held by a single individual. The office bore three different titles throughout its existence: First Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (1923–1946), First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1946–1991), and First Deputy Prime Minister of the Soviet Union (1991). The term "first deputy premier" was used by outside commentators to describe the office of first deputy head of government.

A first deputy premier was responsible for a specific policy area. For example, Kirill Mazurov was responsible for industry, while Dmitry Polyansky was responsible for agriculture in the Soviet Union.^[1]^: 34 In addition, an officeholder would be responsible for coordinating the activities of ministries, state committees, and other bodies subordinated to the government. It was expected that a First Deputy gave these organs guidance in an expeditious manner to ensure the implementation of plans for economic and social development and to check if the orders and decisions of the government were being followed. If the premier could not perform his duties one of the first deputies would take on the role of acting premier until the premier's return.^[2] During the late 1970s, when the health of Premier Alexei Kosygin deteriorated, First Deputy Premier Nikolai Tikhonov acted on his behalf as during his absence.^[3] Finally, a first deputy was by right a member of the government Presidium, its highest decision-making organ.^[1]^: 30

Twenty-six individuals held the office of first deputy premier. The first officeholder was Valerian Kuibyshev, who was inaugurated in 1934. Lavrentiy Beria spent the shortest time in office, serving for 113 days. At more than seventeen years, Vyacheslav Molotov spent the longest time in office, and held his position for most of Joseph Stalin's chairmanship, as well as through the chairmanships of Georgy Malenkov and Nikolai Bulganin.

Officeholders

No.^[a]	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Premier	Other offices held while First Deputy Premier	Ref.
No.^[a]	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Premier	Other offices held while First Deputy Premier	Ref.
1		Valerian Kuybyshev (1888–1935)	14 May 1934	25 January 1935 †	256 days	Vyacheslav Molotov	Chairman of the Soviet People's Control Commission	^[4]^[5]
2		Nikolai Voznesensky (1895–1950)	10 March 1941	15 March 1946	5 years, 5 days	Vyacheslav Molotov Joseph Stalin	Chairman of the State Planning Commission	^[6]
3		Vyacheslav Molotov (1890–1986)	16 August 1942	29 June 1957	11 years, 106 days	Joseph Stalin Georgy Malenkov Nikolai Bulganin	Minister of Foreign Affairs	^[7]^[8]
4		Nikolai Bulganin (1895–1975)	7 April 1950	8 February 1955	4 years, 307 days	Joseph Stalin Georgy Malenkov	Minister of Defence	^[9]^[10]
5		Lavrentiy Beria (1899–1953)	5 March 1953	26 June 1953	113 days	Georgy Malenkov	Minister of Internal Affairs	^[11]
6		Lazar Kaganovich (1893–1991)	5 March 1953	29 June 1957	4 years, 141 days	Georgy Malenkov Nikolai Bulganin Nikita Khrushchev	Minister of Building Materials Industry Chairman of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers for Labour and Wages	^[12]^[13] ^[14]
7		Anastas Mikoyan (1895–1978)	28 February 1955	15 July 1964	9 years, 138 days	Nikolai Bulganin Nikita Khrushchev	Main diplomat to Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis	^[15]
8		Mikhail Pervukhin (1904–1974)	28 February 1955	5 July 1957	2 years, 127 days	Nikolai Bulganin	Chairman of the State Economic Commission on Current Economic Planning	^[16]
9		Maksim Saburov (1900–1977)	28 February 1955	5 July 1957	2 years, 127 days	Nikolai Bulganin	Chairman of the State Planning Committee	^[17]
10		Joseph Kuzmin (1910–1996)	28 February 1955	5 July 1957	2 years, 127 days	Nikolai Bulganin	Chairman of the State Planning Committee	^[18]
11		Frol Kozlov (1908–1965)	31 March 1958	4 May 1960	2 years, 34 days	Nikita Khrushchev	Chairman of the State Planning Committee	^[19]
12		Alexei Kosygin (1904–1980)	4 May 1960	15 October 1964	4 years, 164 days	Nikita Khrushchev	—	^[20]
13		Dmitriy Ustinov (1908–1984)	13 March 1963	26 March 1965	2 years, 13 days	Nikita Khrushchev Alexei Kosygin	—	^[21]
14		Kirill Mazurov (1914–1989)	26 March 1965	28 November 1978	13 years, 247 days	Alexei Kosygin	First Secretary of the Communist Party of Byelorussia	^[22]
15		Dmitry Polyansky (1917–2001)	2 October 1965	2 February 1973	7 years, 123 days	Alexei Kosygin	—	^[23]
16		Nikolai Tikhonov (1905–1997)	2 September 1976	23 October 1980	4 years, 51 days	Alexei Kosygin	—	^[24]
17		Ivan Arkhipov (1907–1998)	27 October 1980	4 October 1986	5 years, 342 days	Nikolai Tikhonov Nikolai Ryzhkov	—	^[25]
18		Heydar Aliyev (1923–2003)	24 November 1982	23 October 1987	4 years, 333 days	Nikolai Tikhonov Nikolai Ryzhkov	First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party	^[26]^[27]
19		Andrei Gromyko (1909–1989)	24 March 1983	2 July 1985	2 years, 100 days	Nikolai Tikhonov	Minister of Foreign Affairs	^[28]^[29]
20		Nikolai Talyzin (1929–1991)	14 October 1985	1 October 1988	2 years, 353 days	Nikolai Ryzhkov	Chairman of the State Planning Committee	^[30]
21		Vsevolod Murakhovski (1926–2017)	1 November 1985	7 June 1989	3 years, 218 days	Nikolai Ryzhkov	Chairman of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers for Agriculture	^[31]
22		Yuri Maslyukov (1937–2010)	5 February 1988	26 December 1990	2 years, 324 days	Nikolai Ryzhkov	Chairman of the State Planning Committee	^[32]^[33]
23		Lev Voronin (1928–2008)	17 July 1989	26 December 1990	1 year, 162 days	Nikolai Ryzhkov	—	^[34]
24		Vladilen Nikitin (1936–2021)	27 July 1989	30 August 1990	1 year, 34 days	Nikolai Ryzhkov	—	^[35]
25		Vladimir Velichko (born 1937)	15 January 1991	26 November 1991	315 days	Valentin Pavlov Ivan Silayev	Minister of Heavy Machine Building	^[36]^[37]
26		Vitaly Doguzhiyev (1935–2016)	15 January 1991	26 November 1991	315 days	Valentin Pavlov Ivan Silayev	—	^[37]
27		Vladimir Shcherbakov (born 1949)	16 May 1991	26 November 1991	194 days	Valentin Pavlov Ivan Silayev	—	^[37]

Notes

^ These numbers are not official.

References

^ ^a ^b Huskey, Eugene (1992). Executive Power and Soviet Politics: The Rise and Decline of the Soviet State. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 1-56324-059-9.
^ Кабинет Министров СССР. 5 июля 1978 «ЗАКОН О СОВЕТЕ МИНИСТРОВ СССР». (Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. 5 July 1978 Law of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. ).
^ Zemtsov, Ilya (1989). Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers. p. 119. ISBN 0-88738-260-6.
^ Shepilov, Dmitri; Austin, Anthony; Bittner, Stephen (2007). The Kremlin's Scholar: A Memoir of Soviet Politics under Stalin and Khrushchev. Yale University Press. p. 403. ISBN 978-0-300-09206-6.
^ Hollander, Paul (2006). From the Gulag to the Killing Fields: Personal Accounts of Political Violence and Repression in Communist States. ISI Books. p. 113. ISBN 1-932236-78-3.
^ McCauley, Martin (1997). Who's Who in Russia since 1900. Routledge. pp. 224–225. ISBN 0-415-13898-1.
^ Phillips, Steven (2000). Lenin and the Russian Revolution. Heinemann. p. 89. ISBN 0-435-32719-4.
^ Ulam, Adam (2007). Stalin: The Man and his Era. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. p. 508. ISBN 978-1-84511-422-0. Archived from the original on 2023-04-11. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
^ Trahair, R.C.S. (2004). Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 69. ISBN 0-313-31955-3.
^ Siddiqi, Asif Azam (2010). The Red Rockets' Glare: Spaceflight and the Soviet Imagination, 1857–1957. Cambridge University Press. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-521-89760-0. Archived from the original on 2023-04-11. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
^ Service, Robert (2009). History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-first Century. Penguin Books Ltd. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-14-103797-4.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2009). Stalin's Terror of 1937–1938: Political Genocide in the USSR. Mehring Books. p. 332. ISBN 978-1-893638-04-4. Archived from the original on 2023-04-11. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
^ McCauley, Martin (1997). Who's Who in Russia since 1900. Routledge. p. 106. ISBN 0-415-13898-1.
^ McAuley, Alastair (1979). Economic Welfare in the Soviet Union: Poverty, Living standards, and Inequality. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 2000. ISBN 0-04-335038-0.
^ Микоян Анастас Иванович [Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan] (in Russian). War Heroes. Archived from the original on 20 June 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
^ Первухин, Михаил Георгиевич [G. Pervukhin, Mikhail] (in Russian). War Heroes. Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
^ Сабуров, Максим Захарович [Maksim Zakharovich Saburov] (in Russian). hrono. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
^ Государственная власть СССР: Высшие органы власти и управления и их руководители: 1923—1991 [The state power of the USSR: Higher authorities and governments and their leaders: 1923–1991]. Moscow, Russian Federation: Историко-биографический справочник./Сост. В. И. Ивкин. 2004. p. 69. ISBN 978-5-8243-0014-7.
^ Staff writer. Фрол Романович КОЗЛОВ [Frol Romanovich Kozlov] (in Russian). proekt-wms.narod.ru. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
^ Trahair, R.C.S. (2004). Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 37. ISBN 0-313-31955-3.
^ Staff writer. Устинов, Дмитрий Фёдорович [Ustinov, Dmitry Fedorovich] (in Russian). warheroes.ru. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
^ Staff writer. Мазуров Кирилл Тимофеевич [Kirill Trofimovich Mazurov] (in Russian). hrono.ru. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
^ Staff writer. Полянский, Дмитрий Степанович [Polyansky, Dmitry Stepanovich] (in Russian). Pseudology. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
^ Ploss, Sidney (2010). The Roots of Perestroika: The Soviet Breakdown in Historical Context. McFarland & Company. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-7864-4486-1.
^ Ziyang, Zhao; Bao, Pu; Chiang, Renee (1998). Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Zhao Ziyang. Routledge. p. 289. ISBN 1-4391-4938-0. Archived from the original on 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
^ Staff writer (16 December 2003). "Azerbaijan's Geidar Aliev dies at 80". China Daily. Archived from the original on 17 December 2003. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
^ Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Routledge. 1998. p. 156. ISBN 1-85743-058-1. Archived from the original on 2023-01-10. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
^ Ploss, Sidney (2010). The Roots of Perestroika: The Soviet Breakdown in Historical Context. McFarland & Company. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-7864-4486-1.
^ Laird, Robin F., Hoffmann, Erik P.; Fleron, Fredrick J. (1991). Soviet Foreign Policy: Classic and Contemporary Issues. Transaction Publishers. pp. 445–46. ISBN 0-202-24171-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Staff writer (26 January 1991). "Nikolai Talyzin, 62; Assisted Gorbachev in Starting Reforms". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
^ Staff writer. "Всеволод Серафимович Мураховский" [Vsevolod Seraphimovich Murakhovski]. portrets.ru. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
^ Staff writer (1 April 2010). "Скончался депутат Госдумы от КПРФ Юрий Маслюков" [Yuri Maslyukov, a Communist Party State Duma Deputy dies]. Gazeta.ru. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
^ Маслюков Юрий Дмитриевич [Yuri Dmitriyevich Maslyukov] (in Russian). hrono. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
^ Staff writer. Воронин, Лев Алексеевич [Voronin, Lev Alekseyevich] (in Russian). moscow-tombs.narod.ru. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
^ Abrosimov, Igor. Н – Свод персоналий [H – Set of personalities] (in Russian). proza.ru. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
^ Schulz-Torge, Ulrich-Joachim (1992). Who Was Who in the Soviet Union. K. G. Saur Verlag. p. 232. ISBN 978-3-598-10810-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c Shevchenko, Iulia (2004). The Central Government of Russia: From Gorbachev to Putin. Ashgate Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-7546-3982-4.

[4] These numbers are not official.

[Huskey1992-1] Huskey, Eugene (1992). Executive Power and Soviet Politics: The Rise and Decline of the Soviet State. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 1-56324-059-9.

[2] Кабинет Министров СССР. 5 июля 1978 «ЗАКОН О СОВЕТЕ МИНИСТРОВ СССР». (Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. 5 July 1978 Law of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. ).

[3] Zemtsov, Ilya (1989). Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers. p. 119. ISBN 0-88738-260-6.

[5] Shepilov, Dmitri; Austin, Anthony; Bittner, Stephen (2007). The Kremlin's Scholar: A Memoir of Soviet Politics under Stalin and Khrushchev. Yale University Press. p. 403. ISBN 978-0-300-09206-6.

[6] Hollander, Paul (2006). From the Gulag to the Killing Fields: Personal Accounts of Political Violence and Repression in Communist States. ISI Books. p. 113. ISBN 1-932236-78-3.

[Voznesensky-7] McCauley, Martin (1997). Who's Who in Russia since 1900. Routledge. pp. 224–225. ISBN 0-415-13898-1.

[Molotov-8] Phillips, Steven (2000). Lenin and the Russian Revolution. Heinemann. p. 89. ISBN 0-435-32719-4.

[9] Ulam, Adam (2007). Stalin: The Man and his Era. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. p. 508. ISBN 978-1-84511-422-0. Archived from the original on 2023-04-11. Retrieved 2016-03-18.

[10] Trahair, R.C.S. (2004). Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 69. ISBN 0-313-31955-3.

[stalinbulganin-11] Siddiqi, Asif Azam (2010). The Red Rockets' Glare: Spaceflight and the Soviet Imagination, 1857–1957. Cambridge University Press. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-521-89760-0. Archived from the original on 2023-04-11. Retrieved 2016-03-18.

[goodgobad-12] Service, Robert (2009). History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-first Century. Penguin Books Ltd. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-14-103797-4.^{[permanent dead link]}

[13] Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2009). Stalin's Terror of 1937–1938: Political Genocide in the USSR. Mehring Books. p. 332. ISBN 978-1-893638-04-4. Archived from the original on 2023-04-11. Retrieved 2016-03-18.

[14] McCauley, Martin (1997). Who's Who in Russia since 1900. Routledge. p. 106. ISBN 0-415-13898-1.

[15] McAuley, Alastair (1979). Economic Welfare in the Soviet Union: Poverty, Living standards, and Inequality. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 2000. ISBN 0-04-335038-0.

[16] Микоян Анастас Иванович [Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan] (in Russian). War Heroes. Archived from the original on 20 June 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2011.

[Peruvkhin-17] Первухин, Михаил Георгиевич [G. Pervukhin, Mikhail] (in Russian). War Heroes. Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2011.

[saburov-18] Сабуров, Максим Захарович [Maksim Zakharovich Saburov] (in Russian). hrono. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2011.

[kuzmin-19] Государственная власть СССР: Высшие органы власти и управления и их руководители: 1923—1991 [The state power of the USSR: Higher authorities and governments and their leaders: 1923–1991]. Moscow, Russian Federation: Историко-биографический справочник./Сост. В. И. Ивкин. 2004. p. 69. ISBN 978-5-8243-0014-7.

[kozlov-20] Staff writer. Фрол Романович КОЗЛОВ [Frol Romanovich Kozlov] (in Russian). proekt-wms.narod.ru. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2011.

[21] Trahair, R.C.S. (2004). Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 37. ISBN 0-313-31955-3.

[22] Staff writer. Устинов, Дмитрий Фёдорович [Ustinov, Dmitry Fedorovich] (in Russian). warheroes.ru. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2011.

[mazurov-23] Staff writer. Мазуров Кирилл Тимофеевич [Kirill Trofimovich Mazurov] (in Russian). hrono.ru. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2011.

[24] Staff writer. Полянский, Дмитрий Степанович [Polyansky, Dmitry Stepanovich] (in Russian). Pseudology. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2011.

[25] Ploss, Sidney (2010). The Roots of Perestroika: The Soviet Breakdown in Historical Context. McFarland & Company. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-7864-4486-1.

[26] Ziyang, Zhao; Bao, Pu; Chiang, Renee (1998). Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Zhao Ziyang. Routledge. p. 289. ISBN 1-4391-4938-0. Archived from the original on 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2016-03-18.

[27] Staff writer (16 December 2003). "Azerbaijan's Geidar Aliev dies at 80". China Daily. Archived from the original on 17 December 2003. Retrieved 12 January 2011.

[28] Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Routledge. 1998. p. 156. ISBN 1-85743-058-1. Archived from the original on 2023-01-10. Retrieved 2016-03-18.

[29] Ploss, Sidney (2010). The Roots of Perestroika: The Soviet Breakdown in Historical Context. McFarland & Company. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-7864-4486-1.

[30] Laird, Robin F., Hoffmann, Erik P.; Fleron, Fredrick J. (1991). Soviet Foreign Policy: Classic and Contemporary Issues. Transaction Publishers. pp. 445–46. ISBN 0-202-24171-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[talyzin-31] Staff writer (26 January 1991). "Nikolai Talyzin, 62; Assisted Gorbachev in Starting Reforms". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2011.

[Vsevolod-32] Staff writer. "Всеволод Серафимович Мураховский" [Vsevolod Seraphimovich Murakhovski]. portrets.ru. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2011.

[33] Staff writer (1 April 2010). "Скончался депутат Госдумы от КПРФ Юрий Маслюков" [Yuri Maslyukov, a Communist Party State Duma Deputy dies]. Gazeta.ru. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2011.

[34] Маслюков Юрий Дмитриевич [Yuri Dmitriyevich Maslyukov] (in Russian). hrono. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2011.

[35] Staff writer. Воронин, Лев Алексеевич [Voronin, Lev Alekseyevich] (in Russian). moscow-tombs.narod.ru. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2011.

[36] Abrosimov, Igor. Н – Свод персоналий [H – Set of personalities] (in Russian). proza.ru. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2011.

[37] Schulz-Torge, Ulrich-Joachim (1992). Who Was Who in the Soviet Union. K. G. Saur Verlag. p. 232. ISBN 978-3-598-10810-5.

[heavyminister-38] Shevchenko, Iulia (2004). The Central Government of Russia: From Gorbachev to Putin. Ashgate Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-7546-3982-4.

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v t e Premiers of the Soviet Union
Premiers	Lenin (1923–1924) Rykov (1924–1930) Molotov (1930–1941) Stalin (1941–1953) Malenkov (1953–1955) Bulganin (1955–1958) Khrushchev (1958–1964) Kosygin (1964–1980) Tikhonov (1980–1985) Ryzhkov (1985–1991) Pavlov (Jan.–Aug. 1991) Doguzhiyev (Aug. 1991) Silayev (Aug.–Dec. 1991)
First Deputies	Kuybyshev (1934–1935) Voznesensky (1941–1946) Molotov (1942–1957) Bulganin (1950–1955) Beria (Mar.–June 1953) Kaganovich (1953–1957) Mikoyan (1955–1964) Pervukhin (1955–1957) Saburov (1955–1957) Kuzmin (1957–1958) Kozlov (1958–1960) Kosygin (1960–1964) Ustinov (1963–1965) Mazurov (1965–1978) Polyansky (1965–1973) Tikhonov (1976–1980) Arkhipov (1980–1986) Aliyev (1982–1987) Gromyko (1983–1985) Talyzin (1985–1988) Murakhovsky (1985–1989) Maslyukov (1988–1990) Voronin (1989–1990) Vladilen Niktin (1989–1990) Velichko (Jan.–Nov. 1991) Doguzhiyev (Jan.–Nov. 1991)
First Deputy Premiers Deputy Premiers Prime Ministers of Russia

First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union

Officeholders

See also

Notes

References

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