Great Synagogue (Pidhaitsi)
| Great Synagogue | |
|---|---|
 The former synagogue, in 2012 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Judaism (former) |
| Rite | Nusach Ashkenaz |
| Ecclesiastical or organisational status | Synagogue (c. 1648–1939) |
| Status | Abandoned; subsequently demolished |
| Location | |
| Location | Lesi Ukrainki Street, Pidhaitsi, Ternopil Oblast |
| Country | Ukraine |
  Location of the former synagogue in Ukraine | |
| Geographic coordinates | 49°16′04″N 25°08′07″E / 49.267670°N 25.135281°E |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Gothic architecture |
| Completed | c. 1648 |
| Demolished | 2019 |
| Materials | Stone |
The Great Synagogue was a former Jewish synagogue, located in Pidhaitsi, Ternopil Oblast in Ukraine. The congregation worshipped in the Ashkenazi rite. Built prior to 1648, the fortress synagogue was abandoned during World War II, was used for grain storage thereafter, then as a ruin before its collapse in 2019 and subsequent demolition.[1]
History
[edit]The first mention of a synagogue in Pidhaitsi was dated from 1552.[2]
The synagogue was built as a fortress synagogue, completed between 1621 and 1648.[3] Over the years annexes were added.
Following Soviet occupation in 1939, the German Nazis demolished much of the interior of the synagogue on 4 July 1941 and the Germans segregated approximately 5,000 Jews in a ghetto. During the Holocaust, the local Jewish community perished.[2] Afterwards the building was used as a storehouse for several years. The building stood empty and is in a ruinous state for many years until its partial collapse and subsequent demolition in 2019.[1]
Architecture
[edit]Completed in the Gothic style, the exterior of the main building (the men's prayer hall) is nearly square (30.6 by 30.4 metres (100 ft × 100 ft)). It is surrounded by one- and two storeyed extensions. The northern and western extensions were already built in the 17th century, while the ones to the south and to the east were added after 1945 when the building was used as a storehouse.
From the eastern side the main volume was supported by two buttresses.
With its high windows and pointed arches and limestone framings the building bears features of Gothic architecture.
The niche of the Holy Ark was badly damaged and the Bimah was missing.[4] In 2023 it was reported that artefacts and relics from the former synagogue, believed to be stolen in 2014, had appeared in the Museum of the History of Jews, in Moscow, Russia.[5][6]
Synagogue in New York
[edit]In 1926 Jewish emigrants from Podhajce (Pidhaitsi) bought a building in New York and consecrated it as their synagogue. It was called the Podhajcer Shul. Nowadays it is a private residence.
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]
- ^ a b "Ukraine: Collapse of buttress threatens long-abandoned 17th century Pidhaitsi synagogue". Jewish Heritage Europe. 13 May 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Pidhaitsi - guidebook". Shtetl Routes. Programme for Cross-Border Co-operation Poland – Belarus – Ukraine. 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ "Year of construction". Academia.edu. p. 70. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
- ^ "Great Synagogue in Pidhaitsi". Historic Synagogues of Europe. Foundation for Jewish Heritage; and the Center for Jewish Art. 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ Poletti, Ugo (30 September 2023). "Pillaged Artefacts From Ukrainian Synagogues Surface in Moscow Museum". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ "Ukrainian Association of Jewish Studies strongly condemns Russia's theft of Jewish artifacts in Ukraine". Religious Information Service of Ukraine. 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
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- 1648 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- 17th-century synagogues in Europe
- Ashkenazi Jewish culture in Ukraine
- Ashkenazi synagogues
- Buildings and structures demolished in 2019
- Buildings and structures in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Early modern history of Ukraine
- Former synagogues in Ukraine
- Fortress synagogues
- Gothic architecture in Ukraine
- Romanesque and Gothic synagogues
- Synagogues completed in 1648
- European synagogue stubs
- Ukrainian building and structure stubs