Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land
| Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land | |
|---|---|
 Uncle Tom is terrorized by skeletons in a scene reminiscent of Walt Disney's 1929 film The Skeleton Dance. | |
| Directed by | Rudolf Ising |
| Produced by |
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| Starring |
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| Music by | Frank Marsales |
| Animation by | |
| Color process | Black and white Color Systems, Inc. (1973 Korean redrawn three-strip color edition with stock music and sounds added) |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | |
Release date |
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Running time | 7 min (one reel) |
| Language | English |
Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land is a 1931 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies animated cartoon directed by Rudolf Ising.[2] The short was released on November 28, 1931, and stars Piggy.[3]
The minimal storyline centers on the plucky Piggy's efforts to rescue his girlfriend and a doglike Uncle Tom from perilous predicaments and villains. The short's use of the racial epithet "Uncle Tom" and use of blackface stereotypes prompted United Artists to withhold it from syndication in 1968, making it one of the Censored Eleven.
Summary
[edit]
Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land has a rudimentary plot, unlike most of the Merrie Melodies of the time, which barely have any plot at all.[4] The cartoon stars the Mickey Mouse-esque Piggy, his girlfriend Fluffy, and a canine Uncle Tom.[5] The film opens with a singing steamboat dancing down a river. On the deck, three blackface caricatures play the song for which the short is named on the harmonica, banjo, and bones. Meanwhile, Uncle Tom drives Fluffy toward the boat by donkey cart. The scene shifts to Piggy the riverboat captain in a sequence reminiscent of Disney's 1928 film Steamboat Willie.[5]
Fluffy joins the frolicking steamboat passengers and reunites with her boyfriend, but during the revelry, Piggy falls overboard. The pig has a run in with an alligator, but he makes it back to the boat. Meanwhile, Uncle Tom's donkey bucks him into a cemetery. There, in a variation on a stock gag featuring a superstitious black man,[6] he is scared by three dancing skeletons reminiscent of those in Disney's 1929 short The Skeleton Dance. Tom escapes to the middle of the river, but a shoddy boat leaves him stranded and drowning. Piggy saves the day but not before a vaudevillian villain kidnaps Fluffy. Piggy captures the villain on a passing mail hook, leaving the villain tortured over a buzz saw. This short marks the second and last appearance of the characters Piggy and Fluffy.[5]
Distribution
[edit]Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land was released in theaters on November 28, 1931, by Warner Bros. The cartoon has been in the public domain since 1959 after its copyright expired and was not renewed. However, the cartoon has been withheld from distribution since 1968. At that time, United Artists owned the rights to some Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons. Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land and ten other cartoons were deemed to feature racist depictions of African Americans that were too integral to the films for simple cuts to make them palatable for modern audiences.[7] The cartoon has never been released on laserdisc, home video, or DVD, not counting public domain home releases. These eleven cartoons make up the so-called Censored Eleven.[5]
Reception
[edit]On December 19, 1931, Motion Picture Herald said, "A New York Strand audience seemed to enjoy this number of the Merrie Melodies series in which popular song numbers accompany the animated cartoon figures."[8]
Credits
[edit]- Produced by Hugh Harman, Rudolf Ising and Leon Schlesinger
- Directed by Rudolf Ising (uncredited)
- Drawn by Isadore Freleng and Paul Smith
- Musical score by Frank Marsales
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Scott, Keith (October 3, 2022). Cartoon Voices of the Golden Age, Vol. 2. BearManor Media.
- ^ Beck, Jerry; Friedwald, Will (1989). Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: A Complete Illustrated Guide to the Warner Bros. Cartoons. Henry Holt and Co. p. 12. ISBN 0-8050-0894-2.
- ^ Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. p. 118. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
- ^ BBeck, Jerry, and Will Friedwald (1989). Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: A Complete Illustrated Guide to the Warner Bros. Cartoons. Owl Books. ISBN 0-8050-0894-2. Page 12.
- ^ a b c d Cruz, Brian (2003). "Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land Archived 2007-06-14 at the Wayback Machine". Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: The Early Years. Toon Zone. Accessed June 21, 2007.
- ^ Lindvall, Terry, and Ben Fraser (1998). "Darker Shades of Animation: African-American Images in Warner Bros. Cartoons". Reading the Rabbit: Explorations in Warner Bros. Animation. Rutgers University Press. page 128.
- ^ Did Bugs Bunny appear in a racist cartoon during World War II?, The Straight Dope, February 5, 2002
- ^ Sampson, Henry T. (1998). That's Enough, Folks: Black Images in Animated Cartoons, 1900-1960. Scarecrow Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0810832503.
External links
[edit]- Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land at IMDb
- Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land at the Big Cartoon Database
- Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive
- Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land on YouTube
- 1931 films
- 1931 animated films
- 1931 short films
- Merrie Melodies short films
- Warner Bros. Cartoons animated short films
- Films set in cemeteries
- Censored Eleven
- Films scored by Frank Marsales
- Films based on works by Harriet Beecher Stowe
- History of racism in the cinema of the United States
- Films directed by Rudolf Ising
- Piggy (Merrie Melodies) films
- Animated films set on ships
- Vitaphone short films
- Animated films about pigs
- Animated films about dogs
- 1930s Warner Bros. animated short films
- 1930s English-language films
- English-language short films
- American animated black-and-white films