RCA Dome

RCA Dome
	The Dome in 2005
Former names	Hoosier Dome (1983–1994)
Address	100 South Capitol Avenue
Location	Indianapolis, Indiana
Coordinates	39°45′49″N 86°9′48″W / 39.76361°N 86.16333°W
Owner	Capital Improvement Board
Operator	Capital Improvement Board
Executive suites	104
Capacity	60,127 (1984–1991); 60,129 (1992–1995); 60,272 (1996–1997); 60,567 (1998); 56,127 (1999–2002); 55,506 (2003–2005); 55,531 (2006–2008)
Record attendance	WrestleMania VIII: 62,167 (April 5, 1992)
Surface	AstroTurf (1984–2004); FieldTurf (2005–2008)
Construction
Broke ground	May 27, 1982; 42 years ago
Opened	August 5, 1984; 40 years ago
Closed	February 26, 2008; 16 years ago
Demolished	December 20, 2008; 15 years ago
Construction cost	US$77.5 million; ($227 million in 2023 dollars)
Architect	HNTB; Browning Day Pollack Mullins Inc.
Structural engineer	Geiger Engineers
Services engineer	M&E Engineering Service, Inc.
General contractor	Huber, Hunt & Nichols
Tenants
	Indianapolis Colts (1984–2007)

The RCA Dome (originally Hoosier Dome) was a domed stadium in Indianapolis. It was the home of the Indianapolis Colts NFL franchise for 24 seasons (1984–2007).

It was completed at a cost of $77.5 million, as part of the Indiana Convention Center, with the costs split between private and public money. The largest crowd to attend an event at the Dome was 62,167 for WrestleMania VIII in 1992. It was demolished on December 20, 2008, as part of a project to expand the attached convention center.

Description

The Birdair-designed dome was made up of teflon-coated fiberglass and weighed 257 short tons (229 long tons; 233 t), which was held up by the air pressure inside the building. The ceiling was 193 feet (59 m) high, though the height varied up to 5 feet (1.5 m) as the materials expanded and contracted with the weather.^{[citation needed]}

Like other domes of this style (the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, BC Place, the JMA Wireless Dome, and the Pontiac Silverdome) there were warning signs posted cautioning patrons of the high winds at the doors when exiting the facility.^{[citation needed]}

History

Construction for the Hoosier Dome began in May 1982.^[4]

The domed stadium was similar in design and appearance to the Metrodome and the previous BC Place roof, owing in great part to the involvement of engineers David Geiger and Walter Bird, pioneers in air-supported roofs.^[5]

The stadium was originally named the Hoosier Dome until 1994 when RCA paid $10 million for the naming rights for 10 years, with two 5-year options to RCA at a cost of $3.5 million if invoked.^[6]^[7] The stadium seated 56,127 for football, the smallest in the NFL. Modifications were made to the stadium in 1999 to expand the suites and add club seating. Before that, the maximum seating for a football crowd was 60,272. The stadium was built to lure a National Football League team to Indianapolis, and as the stadium was being completed, the Baltimore Colts relocated to Indianapolis on March 29, 1984.^[8]^[9]

The Dome was officially dedicated on August 11, 1984, as a sellout crowd watched the Indianapolis Colts defeat the New York Giants in an NFL preseason game. The Buffalo Bills and Chicago Bears played a preseason game at the Hoosier Dome on August 26, 1984,^[10] which had been scheduled prior to the Colts moving in.

The football playing surface was originally AstroTurf, and replaced with FieldTurf in 2005.^[11]

The Colts moved into the new, retractable-roof, Lucas Oil Stadium for the 2008 NFL season.^[12] The RCA Dome was replaced by additional space for the adjacent Indiana Convention Center.^[13] The new convention space connects to Lucas Oil Stadium in much the same way that the existing Indiana Convention Center had been connected to the RCA Dome (although the new connecting walkway now passes under a railroad track).

Demolition

On September 24, 2008, the roof of the Dome was deflated, which took about 35 minutes.^[14] The building itself was imploded on December 20, 2008, by Controlled Demolition, Inc.,^[15] and was featured on the second series premiere of the National Geographic show Blowdown.

An Indianapolis nonprofit, People for Urban Progress, rescued 13 acres (5.3 ha) of the Dome roof.^[16] They work with local Indianapolis designers to recycle the material into community shade structures and art installations, as well as wallets, purses and bags.^[16]

Events

Football

Although the RCA Dome never hosted any Super Bowls, it played host to the 2006 AFC Championship Game,^[17] which saw the Colts erase a 21–3 deficit for a come-from-behind 38–34 win over the New England Patriots in what would ultimately be the only AFC Championship Game hosted at the RCA Dome.^[18]^[17]

The RCA Dome also hosted three AFC Divisional Round games in 1999, 2005,^[19] and 2007,^[20] with the Colts posting an 0–3 record in those games; the 2005 game, which saw the heavily favored Colts lose to the Pittsburgh Steelers 21–18 in one of the biggest upsets in NFL history (en route to the Steelers' victory in Super Bowl XL), is best remembered for Colts cornerback Nick Harper recovering a Jerome Bettis fumble only for Mike Vanderjagt to miss the game-tying field goal at the end of the game. The RCA Dome also hosted three AFC wild card games in 2003,^[17] 2004, and 2006, with the Colts winning all three games. The Colts' 28–24 loss to the San Diego Chargers in the 2007 Divisional Round proved to be the stadium's final game before the Colts moved on to Lucas Oil Stadium the following season.^[21]

Basketball

In addition to football, the RCA Dome hosted several basketball games. The first was an exhibition game in 1984 between an NBA All-Star team led by home-state hero Larry Bird and the United States Olympic Men's Basketball team, coached by Bob Knight, who was at the time the coach of Indiana University. The Dome hosted the 1985 NBA All-Star Game in February, where an NBA-record crowd of 43,146 saw the Western Conference beat the host Eastern Conference 140–129.^[22] The Indiana High School Athletic Association's 1990 boys and girls basketball finals were held at the stadium; 41,046 attended the boys semifinals and finals, setting the record for the largest crowd at a high school basketball game.^[23] Later, it hosted many NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship games, including four Final Fours (1991, 1997, 2000, 2006).^[24] The NCAA, whose headquarters are in Indianapolis, has committed to holding the Final Four in the city once every five years. The RCA Dome hosted its only Women's Final Four in 2005.^[25]^[26] It served as one of two sites for the FIBA Men's Basketball World Championship in 2002,^[27] sharing the honors with Gainbridge Fieldhouse, the home of the Indiana Pacers.

Other sports

During the 1987 Pan American Games, the RCA Dome hosted the Gymnastics and Handball competitions as well as the closing ceremonies.^[28]

In 1991, the Dome hosted the 1991 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.^[29] In 1992, the Dome hosted WrestleMania VIII for the World Wrestling Federation.^[30]

Monster Jam hosted events at the venue every year, with the last event being held in 2008 a few months before the venue was demolished.^[31]

In addition, it hosted the NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships from 1989 to 1999, and the 1990 General Conference Session of Seventh-day Adventists. Additionally, the RCA Dome served as the site of the Indiana State School Music Association State Marching Band Competition, the Bands of America Grand Nationals, and the Drum Corps International Midwestern Regional, along with the NFL Scouting Combine in February of each year. The 2004 U.S. Olympic Team Wrestling Trials were held in the Dome. It also hosted a PBR Built Ford Tough Series bull riding event in 2004.

Lucas Oil Stadium (left) replaced the RCA Dome (right) in 2008.

The Thunder in the Dome was a midget car race held from 1985 to 2001.^[32] The Dome also hosted an AMA Supercross Championship round from 1992 to 2008.^[33]

Concerts

Many concerts took place in this venue, such as the 1987 Pink Floyd reunion,^[34] the Rolling Stones, the Monsters of Rock Festival in 1988^[35] (Van Halen, Metallica, Scorpions, Dokken, and Kingdom Come), and Farm Aid IV in 1990^[36] (Elton John, Guns N' Roses, Lou Reed, John Mellencamp, Genesis, CSN&Y, Willie Nelson, Iggy Pop, Don Henley & Bonnie Raitt).^[37]

References

^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
^ "Specifying Engineer". Specifying Engineer. 53. Cahners Publishing Company: 96. 1985.
^ "RCA Dome". Ballparks.com. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
^ "Hoosier/RCA Dome timeline". The Herald-Times. 6 January 2008. Retrieved 2024-08-15.
^ Charlier, Claude (January 1988). "A Stadium with a "Lid"". Smithsonian. Columbia University. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
^ "Hoosier, er, RCA Dome". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
^ "Throwback: Hoosier Dome becomes RCA Dome". WRTV Indianapolis. 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2024-08-15.
^ Scheibe, John (2020-03-29). "This day in sports: Robert Irsay moves the Colts from Baltimore to Indianapolis in 1984". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
^ Thompson, Adam (2023-03-28). "'It degrades a great tradition': 39 years ago, football was ripped away from Baltimore - CBS Baltimore". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
^ "SUNDAY SPORTS Baseball". The New York Times. 1984-08-26. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
^ "Colts to put FieldTurf down in RCA Dome". www.patriots.com. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
^ Marot, Michael (2008-09-07). "Colts hit jackpot with Lucas Oil Stadium". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
^ "RCA Dome demolition continues". wthr.com. 2009-03-16. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
^ "RCA Dome roof deflated to prepare for demolition". ESPN.com. 2008-09-24. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
^ Staff Writer. "RCA Dome implodes in pile of dust, rubble". Peoria Journal Star. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
^ ^a ^b Hester, Jessica (15 September 2016). "What Can You Build With a Dismantled Stadium?". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
^ ^a ^b ^c "15 years ago Colts defeat Patriots in historic comeback for AFC Championship". Horseshoe Heroes. 2022-01-30. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
^ "Colts 38-34 Patriots (Jan 21, 2007) Final Score". ESPN. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
^ Tierney, Hunter (2024-08-03). "Throwback to the Wild 2005 Steelers-Colts Playoff Battle". GiveMeSport. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
^ Matthes, Jonathan. "There I Stood on the Cursed Snow: The 2007 AFC Title Game, Five Years Later". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
^ "Chargers 28-24 Colts (Jan 13, 2008) Final Score". ESPN. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
^ "NBA.com: 1985 All-Star Game: West 140, East 129". National Basketball Association. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
^ Sokeland, Justin (March 27, 2020). "1990 state champions: There's no place like Dome". WBIW. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
^ "These basketball arenas have hosted the most March Madness men's games | NCAA.com". www.ncaa.com. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
^ "ESPN.com: NCW - RCA Dome will house 2005 Final Four in Indianapolis". www.espn.com. Retrieved 2024-07-18.
^ "NCAA Women's Final Four host cities for 2027-31 announced; Columbus, Dallas, Indianapolis, Portland and San Antonio selected". Dallas Sports Commission. Retrieved 2024-07-18.
^ "ESPN.com: NBA - World Championships scores and schedule". www.espn.com. Retrieved 2024-07-18.
^ "Pan Am Games Schedule". United Press International, Inc. July 29, 1987. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
^ Swift, E.M. (23 September 1991). "A WOW AT THE WORLDS". Sports Illustrated.
^ Appleton, Rory (21 July 2022). "In 1992, Wrestlemania brought wrestling, mullets and more to Indianapolis". Indianapolis Star. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
^ "Supercross Makes Lucas Oil Stadium Debut". Racer X. Retrieved 2024-08-15.
^ Special events are a special occurrence for USAC midget races - United States Auto Club, 13 December 2018
^ "2015 AMA Supercross media guide" (PDF). AMA Supercross. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
^ Essex, Richard (2023-08-15). "Welcome to the machine: Scientists use brainwaves to recreate Pink Floyd songs". Indianapolis News | Indiana Weather | Indiana Traffic | WISH-TV |. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
^ "Monsters of Rock - Hoosier Dome". The Indianapolis News. 1988-07-07. p. 37. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
^ Cohen, Jonathan (11 July 2023). "Farm Aid Returning To Indianapolis With Neil Young, Willie Nelson, John Mellencamp". Spin. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
^ "1990: Farm Aid IV links farming, environmental causes". WRTV Indianapolis. 2023-09-21. Retrieved 2024-05-20.

Events and tenants
Preceded by Memorial Stadium	Home of the Indianapolis Colts 1984–2008	Succeeded by Lucas Oil Stadium
Preceded by McNichols Sports Arena Continental Airlines Arena Tropicana Field Edward Jones Dome	NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament Finals Venue 1991 1997 2000 2006	Succeeded by H.H.H. Metrodome Alamodome H.H.H. Metrodome Georgia Dome
Preceded by New Orleans Arena	NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament Finals Venue 2005	Succeeded by TD Banknorth Garden
Preceded by Gator Bowl Pontiac Silverdome	Host of Bands of America Grand National Championship 1984–1986 1989–2007	Succeeded by Pontiac Silverdome Lucas Oil Stadium
Preceded by McNichols Sports Arena	Host of the NBA All-Star Game 1985	Succeeded by Reunion Arena
Preceded by Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy Paris	IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics Venue 1987	Succeeded by Budapest Sportcsarnok Budapest
Preceded by Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena	Host of WrestleMania VIII 1992	Succeeded by Caesars Palace
Preceded by Invesco Field at Mile High	Host of AFC Championship Game 2007	Succeeded by Gillette Stadium

39°45′49.17″N 86°9′47.95″W / 39.7636583°N 86.1633194°W / 39.7636583; -86.1633194

External links

RCA Dome Demolition

[inflation-US-1] 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.

[2] "Specifying Engineer". Specifying Engineer. 53. Cahners Publishing Company: 96. 1985.

[3] "RCA Dome". Ballparks.com. Retrieved February 4, 2019.

[4] "Hoosier/RCA Dome timeline". The Herald-Times. 6 January 2008. Retrieved 2024-08-15.

[5] Charlier, Claude (January 1988). "A Stadium with a "Lid"". Smithsonian. Columbia University. Retrieved February 4, 2019.

[6] "Hoosier, er, RCA Dome". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2024-06-14.

[7] "Throwback: Hoosier Dome becomes RCA Dome". WRTV Indianapolis. 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2024-08-15.

[8] Scheibe, John (2020-03-29). "This day in sports: Robert Irsay moves the Colts from Baltimore to Indianapolis in 1984". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-06-18.

[9] Thompson, Adam (2023-03-28). "'It degrades a great tradition': 39 years ago, football was ripped away from Baltimore - CBS Baltimore". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2024-06-18.

[10] "SUNDAY SPORTS Baseball". The New York Times. 1984-08-26. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-06-18.

[11] "Colts to put FieldTurf down in RCA Dome". www.patriots.com. Retrieved 2024-05-02.

[12] Marot, Michael (2008-09-07). "Colts hit jackpot with Lucas Oil Stadium". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-05-02.

[13] "RCA Dome demolition continues". wthr.com. 2009-03-16. Retrieved 2024-07-25.

[14] "RCA Dome roof deflated to prepare for demolition". ESPN.com. 2008-09-24. Retrieved 2024-05-02.

[15] Staff Writer. "RCA Dome implodes in pile of dust, rubble". Peoria Journal Star. Retrieved 2024-05-02.

[:0-16] Hester, Jessica (15 September 2016). "What Can You Build With a Dismantled Stadium?". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2024-06-25.

[:1-17] "15 years ago Colts defeat Patriots in historic comeback for AFC Championship". Horseshoe Heroes. 2022-01-30. Retrieved 2024-06-28.

[18] "Colts 38-34 Patriots (Jan 21, 2007) Final Score". ESPN. Retrieved 2024-06-28.

[19] Tierney, Hunter (2024-08-03). "Throwback to the Wild 2005 Steelers-Colts Playoff Battle". GiveMeSport. Retrieved 2024-08-05.

[20] Matthes, Jonathan. "There I Stood on the Cursed Snow: The 2007 AFC Title Game, Five Years Later". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 2024-08-05.

[21] "Chargers 28-24 Colts (Jan 13, 2008) Final Score". ESPN. Retrieved 2024-06-28.

[22] "NBA.com: 1985 All-Star Game: West 140, East 129". National Basketball Association. Retrieved February 4, 2019.

[23] Sokeland, Justin (March 27, 2020). "1990 state champions: There's no place like Dome". WBIW. Retrieved June 20, 2024.

[24] "These basketball arenas have hosted the most March Madness men's games | NCAA.com". www.ncaa.com. Retrieved 2024-07-25.

[25] "ESPN.com: NCW - RCA Dome will house 2005 Final Four in Indianapolis". www.espn.com. Retrieved 2024-07-18.

[26] "NCAA Women's Final Four host cities for 2027-31 announced; Columbus, Dallas, Indianapolis, Portland and San Antonio selected". Dallas Sports Commission. Retrieved 2024-07-18.

[27] "ESPN.com: NBA - World Championships scores and schedule". www.espn.com. Retrieved 2024-07-18.

[28] "Pan Am Games Schedule". United Press International, Inc. July 29, 1987. Retrieved April 19, 2020.

[29] Swift, E.M. (23 September 1991). "A WOW AT THE WORLDS". Sports Illustrated.

[30] Appleton, Rory (21 July 2022). "In 1992, Wrestlemania brought wrestling, mullets and more to Indianapolis". Indianapolis Star. Retrieved 25 July 2024.

[31] "Supercross Makes Lucas Oil Stadium Debut". Racer X. Retrieved 2024-08-15.

[32] Special events are a special occurrence for USAC midget races - United States Auto Club, 13 December 2018

[33] "2015 AMA Supercross media guide" (PDF). AMA Supercross. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2019.

[34] Essex, Richard (2023-08-15). "Welcome to the machine: Scientists use brainwaves to recreate Pink Floyd songs". Indianapolis News | Indiana Weather | Indiana Traffic | WISH-TV |. Retrieved 2024-05-20.

[35] "Monsters of Rock - Hoosier Dome". The Indianapolis News. 1988-07-07. p. 37. Retrieved 2024-05-20.

[36] Cohen, Jonathan (11 July 2023). "Farm Aid Returning To Indianapolis With Neil Young, Willie Nelson, John Mellencamp". Spin. Retrieved 5 August 2024.

[37] "1990: Farm Aid IV links farming, environmental causes". WRTV Indianapolis. 2023-09-21. Retrieved 2024-05-20.

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v t e Indianapolis Colts
Founded in 1953 Played in Baltimore (1953–1983) Based and headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana
Franchise	History in Baltimore relocation to Indianapolis All-time roster Quarterbacks Coaches Seasons Draft First-round draft picks Ring of Honor
Stadiums	Memorial Stadium RCA Dome Lucas Oil Stadium
Culture	Carroll Rosenbloom Robert Irsay Jim Irsay 12th Man AAFC Colts Baltimore Colts Marching Band Blue Cheerleaders Elway to Marino Parks and Recreation
Lore	Dayton Triangles The Greatest Game Ever Played 1970 AFC Championship Game Ghost to the Post Move to Indianapolis Immaculate Deflection Immaculate Redemption/The Tackle Deflategate Colts Catastrophe Snowvertime Minneapolis Miracle II
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Retired numbers	18 19 22 24 70 77 82 89
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Current league affiliations	League: National Football League Conference: American Football Conference Division: South Division
Category

v t e Former stadiums of the National Football League
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Current era: 1970–present	Anaheim Stadium (Los Angeles Rams) Astrodome (Houston Oilers) Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium (Atlanta Falcons) Baltimore Memorial Stadium (Baltimore Colts, Baltimore Ravens) Busch Memorial Stadium (St. Louis Cardinals, St. Louis Rams) Candlestick Park (San Francisco 49ers) Cleveland Stadium (Cleveland Browns) Cotton Bowl (Dallas Cowboys) The Dome at America's Center (St. Louis Rams) Foxboro Stadium (New England Patriots) Georgia Dome (Atlanta Falcons) Giants Stadium (New York Giants, New York Jets) Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (Minnesota Vikings) Kansas City Municipal Stadium (Kansas City Chiefs) Kingdome (Seattle Seahawks) Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Raiders) Metropolitan Stadium (Minnesota Vikings) Miami Orange Bowl (Miami Dolphins) Mile High Stadium (Denver Broncos) Milwaukee County Stadium (Green Bay Packers) Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum (Oakland Raiders) RCA Dome (Indianapolis Colts) Riverfront Stadium (Cincinnati Bengals) Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (Washington Redskins) San Diego Stadium (San Diego Chargers) Shea Stadium (New York Jets, New York Giants) Silverdome (Detroit Lions) Sun Devil Stadium (Arizona Cardinals) Tampa Stadium (Tampa Bay Buccaneers) Texas Stadium (Dallas Cowboys) Three Rivers Stadium (Pittsburgh Steelers) Tiger Stadium (Detroit Lions) Tulane Stadium (New Orleans Saints) Veterans Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles) War Memorial Stadium (Buffalo Bills) Yankee Stadium I (New York Giants)
Stadiums used by NFL teams temporarily	Alamodome (New Orleans Saints)1 Chicago Stadium (Chicago Bears) Champaign Memorial Stadium (Chicago Bears)† Clemson Memorial Stadium (Carolina Panthers)† Dignity Health Sports Park (Los Angeles Chargers)† Frankford High School's Community Memorial Stadium (Frankford Yellow Jackets)1 Giants Stadium (New Orleans Saints)1 Grant Field (Atlanta Falcons) Husky Stadium (Seattle Seahawks)1† Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium (Tennessee Oilers)† LSU Tiger Stadium (New Orleans Saints)1 Marquette Stadium (Green Bay Packers) Philadelphia Municipal Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles)1 Shibe Park/Connie Mack Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles)1 Stanford Stadium (San Francisco 49ers)1 Huntington Bank Stadium (Minnesota Vikings)1† University of Minnesota Memorial Stadium (Minnesota Vikings)1 Vanderbilt Stadium (Tennessee Titans)† Yale Bowl (New York Giants)†
Architecture portal Sports portal †= Team's stadium under construction or refurbishment at time 1 = A team used the stadium when their permanent stadium was unable to be used as a result of damage.