Kłodzko Synagogue

Synagogue of Kłodzko
Synagogue of Kłodzko
German: Synagoge in Glatz
	The desecrated synagogue, following Kristallnacht, November 1938
Religion
Affiliation	Reform Judaism (former)
Ecclesiastical or organisational status	Synagogue (1885–1938)
Status	Destroyed
Location
Location	Grünestraße, Glatz (now ul. Wojska Polskiego, Kłodzko)
Country	Germany (now Poland)
	Location of the former synagogue in Germany,; as it was in 1937
Geographic coordinates	50°26′13″N 16°39′03″E / 50.43694°N 16.65083°E
Architecture
Architect(s)	Albert Grau
Type	Synagogue architecture
Style	Moorish Revival; Brick-Gothic Revival;
Completed	1885
Destroyed	November 1938; (during Kristallnacht)
Specifications
Direction of façade	West
Capacity	254 seats; plus women's gallery
Dome(s)	One

The Kłodzko Synagogue, officially the Synagogue of Kłodzko,^[4] and formerly the Synagogue in Glatz (German: Synagoge in Glatz), was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on the Grünestraße (Green Street), in Glatz, Germany. This location is now Wojska Polskiego Street, in Kłodzko, in Kłodzko County in Lower Silesia, Poland.

The synagogue was completed in 1885 and destroyed by Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.^[1]

History

The synagogue was built on the initiative of Progressive Jews, according to the plans of architect Albert Grau (1837–1900) of Breslau (now Wrocław), a student of Georg Gottlob Ungewitter, in the Moorish Revival and Brick-Gothic Revival styles.^[1]^[2]^[5]

From 1742 Kłodzko was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, then Germany, until Silesia became Polish under border changes promulgated at the 1945 Potsdam Conference. During the November Pogrom (9 November 1938), termed "Kristallnacht" in German Nazi propaganda, the synagogue was destroyed in an arson attack by German Nazi gangs.^[1]

Commerations

Reinhard Schindler, a former Glatz citizen, developed the idea of having a memorial stone placed for the synagogue. The memorial stone was erected in 1995 with an anodised aluminum plaque in Polish, Hebrew and German commemorating the destroyed synagogue.^[6] The inscription reads:

Here stood the Glatz synagogue, desecrated and burned by the Nazis in the Pogrom Night of November 9, 1938.
— Former German and current Polish citizens in 1995 – 50 years after the end of the war.

Sculpture

In 2015–2016, the German sculptor Gerhard Roese [de] of Darmstadt created a sculpture of the synagogue made of cast aluminium^[7]^[8] weighing approx. 100 kilograms (220 lb). The collected materials, plans and sketches, together with photos and a description of the burning of the temple, was published as a book by Roese under the title: Decalogue on Fire. The artistic work under the same title includes the sculpture of the synagogue, a sculpture of the Ten Commandments above the portal, and a sculpture of one of the cast-iron gallery columns that collapsed during the fire in its rubble and ash bed. In addition, fifteen 1 × 1 meter (3.3 × 3.3 foot) large panels of photographs by Günter Veit and a synagogue with a fragment of a Torah scroll, probably stolen in Poland by a member of the Wehrmacht.^[1]^[9] In May 2018, Roese brought the entire work to Kłodzko with the help of a group of young people and donated it to the city.^[8] The sculpture and other materials from the exhibition of Roese were also in 2018 in the project Topography of Terror installed in Berlin and published in a catalog.^[7]^[10]

Synagogue revival

On the anniversary of the Reichsprogromnacht, also Kristallnacht on November 8, 2018, the Muzem Ziemi Kłodzkiej w Kłodzku [pl] (Museum of the Kłodzko Land), together with the sculptor from Darmstadt and the Polish activists Michał Cyprys, Henryk Grzybowski, Mieczysław Kowalcze and Grzegorz Sadowski, hosted an event commemorating the terror of 80 years ago and the former Jewish community under the motto Synagoga Reviva. Gerhard Roese talked about his idea and implementation of the sculpture model of the synagogue.^[7]^[11]

Students from various schools in Kłodzko and a group of adults participated. They learned what is known about the structure and its destruction today, as well as that of two surviving ladies, Ruth Prager and Shoshana Efrati, who had visited the synagogue in their childhood. Henryk Grzybowski told about their fate from former Glatz, to Chile and Israel.^[7]^[11]

After a small concert with Yiddish and Hebrew songs performed by Sylwia Grzybowska, those in attendance went to the synagogue memorial stone and lit candles.^[7]^[11]

Commemorative plaque

On January 26, 2019, a commemorative plaque with content in three languages was stolen from its stone.^[12] On March 22, 2019, a new stone tablet financed from contributions from the community of Kłodzko and former German residents was unveiled.^[13]

Gallery

Synagogue (on the left)
Synagogue (on the left)
Horizontal projection of the west facade
Gerhard Roese. Kłodzko Synagogue cast-aluminium sculpture; view from the street
A Gerhard Roese-designed model of the former synagogue, dated 2017
Synagogue inside after Kristallnacht
The memorial stone after the synagogue
The memorial stone without the commemorative plaque
The new commemorative plaque

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Grzybowski, Henryk (February 2, 2016). "Nieoczekiwane wskrzeszenie kłodzkiej synagogi" [Unexpected revival of the Kłodzko synagogue]. Gazeta Prowincjonalna Ziemi Kłodzkiej (in Polish). Retrieved November 4, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Łuczyński, Romuald Mariusz (2006). Chronologia dziejów Dolnego Śląska (in Polish). Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Atut – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe. p. 448. ISBN 83-7432-095-8.
^ "New Synagogue in Görlitz". Historic synagogues of Europe. Foundation for Jewish Heritage and the Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. n.d. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
^ "Gerhard Roese" (PDF). 2017.
^ Borkowski, Maciej; Kirmiel, Andrzej; Włodarczyk, Tamara (2008). Śladami Żydów. Dolny Śląsk, Opolszczyzna, Ziemia Lubusk a (in Polish). Warsaw: Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich. p. 34. ISBN 978-83-928380-0-5.
^ "Obelisk upamiętniający synagogę" [Synagogue commemorative obelisk]. Polska niezwykła (in Polish). Retrieved January 21, 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Grzybowski, Henryk (November 12, 2018). "Synagoga reviva. Upamiętnienie synagogi kłodzkiej" [Synagogue reviva. Commemoration of the Kłodzko synagogue] (in Polish). Retrieved November 4, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Breckner, Johannes (May 24, 2018). "Darmstädter Bildhauer Gerhard Roese verschenkt Kunstwerk an die Stadt Klodzko" [Gerhard Roese, the sculptor of Darmstadt donated his masterpiece to the city of Kłodzko] (in German). Retrieved November 4, 2019.
^ Roese, Gerhard (2017). Decalogue on Fire (PDF). Darmstadt: Justus von Liebig Verlag. ISBN 978-3-87390-390-6.
^ ""Kristallnacht" – Antijüdischer Terror 1938. Ereignisse und Erinnerung; 7. November 2018 bis 3. März 2019" ["Kristallnacht" — Anti-Jewish Terror 1938. Events and Remembrance]. topographie.de (in German). Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gmerek, Tomasz (December 17, 2018). "Synagoga reviva. Zdjęcia" [Synagoga reviva with pictures]. Facebook (in Polish). Retrieved November 4, 2019.
^ Bednarz, Damian (January 30, 2019). "Skandal w Kłodzku! Zginęła tablica upamiętniająca spaloną synagogę" [Scandal in Kłodzko! A plaque commemorating the burnt synagogue was lost]. naszemiasto.pl (Press release) (in Polish). Retrieved November 4, 2019.
^ Wrona, Jarosław (April 3, 2019). "Nowa tablica upamiętniająca kłodzką synagogę" [A new plaque commemorating the Kłodzko synagogue]. Telewizja Sudecka (Press release) (in Polish). Retrieved November 13, 2019.

External links

Media related to Synagogue in Kłodzko at Wikimedia Commons

[Grzybowski2016-1] Grzybowski, Henryk (February 2, 2016). "Nieoczekiwane wskrzeszenie kłodzkiej synagogi" [Unexpected revival of the Kłodzko synagogue]. Gazeta Prowincjonalna Ziemi Kłodzkiej (in Polish). Retrieved November 4, 2019.

[Łuczyński2006-2] Łuczyński, Romuald Mariusz (2006). Chronologia dziejów Dolnego Śląska (in Polish). Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Atut – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe. p. 448. ISBN 83-7432-095-8.

[3] "New Synagogue in Görlitz". Historic synagogues of Europe. Foundation for Jewish Heritage and the Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. n.d. Retrieved June 22, 2024.

[4] "Gerhard Roese" (PDF). 2017.

[Borkowski2008-5] Borkowski, Maciej; Kirmiel, Andrzej; Włodarczyk, Tamara (2008). Śladami Żydów. Dolny Śląsk, Opolszczyzna, Ziemia Lubusk a (in Polish). Warsaw: Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich. p. 34. ISBN 978-83-928380-0-5.

[6] "Obelisk upamiętniający synagogę" [Synagogue commemorative obelisk]. Polska niezwykła (in Polish). Retrieved January 21, 2020.

[Grzybowski2018-7] Grzybowski, Henryk (November 12, 2018). "Synagoga reviva. Upamiętnienie synagogi kłodzkiej" [Synagogue reviva. Commemoration of the Kłodzko synagogue] (in Polish). Retrieved November 4, 2019.

[Breckner-8] Breckner, Johannes (May 24, 2018). "Darmstädter Bildhauer Gerhard Roese verschenkt Kunstwerk an die Stadt Klodzko" [Gerhard Roese, the sculptor of Darmstadt donated his masterpiece to the city of Kłodzko] (in German). Retrieved November 4, 2019.

[Roese2017-9] Roese, Gerhard (2017). Decalogue on Fire (PDF). Darmstadt: Justus von Liebig Verlag. ISBN 978-3-87390-390-6.

[terr-10] ""Kristallnacht" – Antijüdischer Terror 1938. Ereignisse und Erinnerung; 7. November 2018 bis 3. März 2019" ["Kristallnacht" — Anti-Jewish Terror 1938. Events and Remembrance]. topographie.de (in German). Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 4, 2019.

[Gmerek-11] Gmerek, Tomasz (December 17, 2018). "Synagoga reviva. Zdjęcia" [Synagoga reviva with pictures]. Facebook (in Polish). Retrieved November 4, 2019.

[Bednarz2019-12] Bednarz, Damian (January 30, 2019). "Skandal w Kłodzku! Zginęła tablica upamiętniająca spaloną synagogę" [Scandal in Kłodzko! A plaque commemorating the burnt synagogue was lost]. naszemiasto.pl (Press release) (in Polish). Retrieved November 4, 2019.

[Wrona2019-13] Wrona, Jarosław (April 3, 2019). "Nowa tablica upamiętniająca kłodzką synagogę" [A new plaque commemorating the Kłodzko synagogue]. Telewizja Sudecka (Press release) (in Polish). Retrieved November 13, 2019.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]