Karkarichinkat
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Karkarichinkat comprises two archaeological sites (Karkarichinkat Nord - KN05 and Karkarichinat Sud - KS05) located in West Africa within the Lower Tilemsi Valley of Eastern Mali. The sites were first recorded by Raymond Mauny in 1952.,[1] and subsequently excavated by Andrew Smith [2] and Katie Manning.[3]
Extensive excavations at Karkarichinkat Nord have revealed some of the earliest evidence for domestic pearl millet in sub-Saharan Africa [3] as well as ritualised deposits[clarification needed] of domestic cattle,[4] dating to the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE.
There were a total of 11 human remains found at the sites of Karkarichikat Nord (KN05) and Karkarichinkat Sud (KS05). Based on radiocarbon dates, Karkarichikat Nord was occupied from 2620 to 2200 cal. years BCE.[3][5] A radiocarbon date of 3310 BP was obtained from surface material found at Karkarichikat Sud.[2]
Karkarichikat is known for having some of the oldest dated evidence for intentional dental modification. The modified teeth found at Karkarichikat Nord is the first area in the region to show evidence of this practice.[5] Most modifications would be a result from trauma or due to a specific task-related wear, such as chewing on tree bark. These modifications, however, appear to have been done for aesthetic purposes.[1] The filed teeth came from women, which shows that these modifications were possibly sex-specific within their culture.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Finucane, Brian; Manning, Kate; Touré, Mouktarde (2008-03-01). "Late Stone Age subsistence in the Tilemsi Valley, Mali: Stable isotope analysis of human and animal remains from the site of Karkarichinkat Nord (KN05) and Karkarichinkat Sud (KS05)". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 27 (1): 82–92. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2007.10.001.
- ^ a b Smith, Andrew B. (1992). Pastoralism in Africa: Origins and Development Ecology. London: Hurst & Company. pp. 73–74.
- ^ a b c Manning, K. et al. 2011. 4500-Year old domesticated pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) from the Tilemsi Valley, Mali: new insights into an alternative cereal domestication pathway. Journal of Archaeological Science 38, 2:312-322
- ^ Manning, K. (2011). The first herders of the West African Sahel: inter-site comparative analysis of zooarchaeological data from the Lower Tilemsi Valley, Mali. (Vol. People and Animals in Holocene Africa: Recent Advances in Archaeozoology) Africa Magna Verlag Frankfurt
- ^ a b Finucane, B., Manning, K., & Touré, M. (2008). Prehistoric dental modification in west africa – early evidence from karkarichinkat nord, mali. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 18(6), 632-640.
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