List of Mauna Loa eruptions
This is a list of volcanic eruptions from Mauna Loa, an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands that last erupted in 2022. These eruptions have taken place from the main caldera and fissures along rift zones. They are generally fluid (VEI-0) Hawaiian eruptions but more violent eruptions have occurred throughout Mauna Loa's eruptive history, with the largest recorded explosive eruptions having taken place in the 19th century.[1]
Historically-observed eruptions
[edit]Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website.[1]
| VEI | Start date | End date | Activity area | Eruption name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | November 27, 2022 | December 13, 2022 | Mokuʻāweoweo and Northeast Rift Zone | 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa |
| 0 | March 25, 1984 | April 15, 1984 | Mokuʻāweoweo, Southwest and Northeast rift zones | 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa |
| 0 | July 5, 1975 | July 6, 1975 | Mokuʻāweoweo, Northeast and Southwest rift zones | 1975 eruption of Mauna Loa |
| 0 | July 1, 1950 | July 23, 1950 | Southwest Rift Zone, 2,440 m (8,010 ft) | |
| 0 | January 6, 1949 | May 31, 1949 | Mokuʻāweoweo and Southwest Rift Zone | |
| 0 | April 26, 1942 | May 10, 1942 | Mokuʻāweoweo and Northeast Rift Zone, 2,800 m (9,200 ft) | |
| 0 | April 7, 1940 | August 18, 1940 | Mokuʻāweoweo and Southwest Rift Zone | |
| 0 | November 21, 1935 | January 2, 1936 | Mokuʻāweoweo and Northeast Rift Zone, 3,690 m (12,110 ft) | |
| 0 | December 2, 1933 | December 18, 1933 | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | April 10, 1926 | April 28, 1926 (?) | Southwest Rift Zone, 2,320 m (7,610 ft) | |
| 0 | September 26, 1919 | November 5, 1919 (?) | Southwest Rift Zone, 3,450 and 2,350 m (11,320 and 7,710 ft) | |
| 0 | May 19, 1916 | May 30, 1916 | Southwest Rift Zone, 3,000 and 2,250 m (9,840 and 7,380 ft) | |
| 0 | November 25, 1914 | January 11, 1915 | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | January 9, 1907 | January 24, 1907 (in or after) | Mokuʻāweoweo and Southwest Rift Zone, 1,890 m (6,200 ft) | |
| 0 | September 1, 1903 | December 7, 1903 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 1 | July 1, 1899 | July 23, 1899 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo and Northeast Rift Zone, 3,260 m (10,700 ft) | |
| 0 | April 21, 1896 | May 6, 1896 | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | November 30, 1892 | December 3, 1892 | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | January 16, 1887 | January 28, 1887 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo and Southwest Rift Zone, 1,740 m (5,710 ft) | |
| 1 | November 5, 1880 | August 10, 1881 | Northeast Rift Zone, 3,170 m (10,400 ft) | |
| 1 | May 1, 1880 | May 6, 1880 | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | March 9, 1879 | March 9, 1879 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | February 14, 1877 | February 24, 1877 | Mokuʻāweoweo and submarine west flank | |
| 0 | February 13, 1876 | February 14, 1876 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | August 11, 1875 | August 18, 1875 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | January 10, 1875 | February 9, 1875 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 1 | April 20, 1873 | October 19, 1874 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | January 6, 1873 | January 7, 1873 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 1 | August 9, 1872 | September 1872 | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | August 10, 1871 | August 30, 1871 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 2 | March 27, 1868 | April 22, 1868 | Mokuʻāweoweo and Southwest Rift Zone, 1,000 m (3,300 ft) | |
| 0 | December 30, 1865 | April 29, 1866 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 1 | January 23, 1859 | November 25, 1859 | Mokuʻāweoweo and north flank, 2,800 m (9,200 ft) | |
| 1 | August 11, 1855 | November 1856 | Mokuʻāweoweo and Northeast Rift Zone, 3,200 m (10,500 ft) | |
| 2 | February 17, 1852 | March 11, 1852 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo and Northeast Rift Zone, 2,560 m (8,400 ft) | |
| 0 | August 8, 1851 | August 11, 1851 ± 1 days | Mokuʻāweoweo and Southwest Rift Zone | |
| 0 | May 1849 | Unknown | Mokuʻāweoweo | |
| 0 | January 9, 1843 | April 10, 1843 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo, north flank and Northeast Rift Zone | |
| 0 | June 20, 1832 | July 15, 1832 ± 7 days | Mokuʻāweoweo and adjacent vents | |
| 0 | 1750 (?) | Unknown | North flank and Southwest Rift Zone? |
Radiocarbon-dated eruptions
[edit]Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website.[1]
| VEI | Date | Activity area |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1730 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1685 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1680 (?) | Northwest flank |
| 0 | 1650 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1640 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1540 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1510 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1500 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1470 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1440 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone and northwest flank |
| 0 | 1390 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1370 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo and Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1360 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1310 (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1190 (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo and Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1170 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1130 (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1070 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1040 (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 940 AD (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 830 AD (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo and northwest flank |
| 0 | 810 AD (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 680 AD (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 630 AD (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 600 AD (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 550 AD (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 480 AD (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 450 AD (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 350 AD (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 300 AD (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 200 AD (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 150 AD (?) | Southeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 100 AD (?) | Southeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 30 BCE (?) | Northeast and Southwest rift zones |
| 0 | 60 BCE (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 80 BCE (?) | Southeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 200 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 300 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 400 BCE (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 500 BCE (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 600 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 950 BCE (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 1300 BCE (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo and Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1650 BCE (?) | Northeast and Southwest rift zones |
| 0 | 1700 BCE (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1750 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1800 BCE (?) | Northwest and Southwest rift zones |
| 0 | 1900 BCE (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 2000 BCE (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 2050 BCE (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 2150 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 2250 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 2350 BCE (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 2750 BCE (?) | Northeast and Southwest rift zones |
| 0 | 3250 BCE (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 3350 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 3750 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 4250 BCE (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 5350 BCE (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 5650 BCE (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 5850 BCE (?) | Northeast and Southwest rift zones |
| 0 | 6250 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 6550 BCE (?) | Mokuʻāweoweo |
| 0 | 6650 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 7150 BCE (?) | Northeast and Southwest rift zones |
| 0 | 7350 BCE (?) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 7550 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 7850 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
| 0 | 8050 BCE (?) | Northeast Rift Zone |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Mauna Loa". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
