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List of island countries

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map depicts sovereign states and a de facto state (Taiwan) (tw) fully located on islands: those with land borders shaded green, and those without shaded dark blue.

Countries/territories not shown on the map: Antarctica (aq) (continental disputed territory), Australia (au) (continental country), the Cook Islands (ck) (free association with New Zealand), Greenland (gl) (constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark), Niue (nu) (free association with New Zealand), Northern Cyprus (ct.tr and nc.tr) (unrecognized country), and Puerto Rico (pr) (unincorporated U.S. territory).

This is a list of island countries. An island is a landmass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water.[1] Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with Indonesia, Japan, and the Philippines—these countries consist of thousands of islands. Others consist of a single island, such as Barbados, Dominica, and Nauru; a main island and some smaller islands, such as Cuba, Iceland, and Sri Lanka; a part of an island, such as Brunei, the Dominican Republic, East Timor, and the Republic of Ireland; or one main island but also sharing borders in other islands, such as the United Kingdom (Great Britain and a part of Ireland).

The list also includes two states in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands and Niue, as well as two states with limited diplomatic recognition which have de facto control over territories entirely on the islands, Northern Cyprus and Taiwan.[2] In total, 50 island countries have been included in the lists.

Australia is not included as it is considered a continental country, although it was historically referred to as an island country because of its lack of land borders.[3] Greenland is generally considered as the largest island on Earth and listed among the island territories. Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea is officially an unincorporated territory of the United States.

Indonesia is the world's largest island country by area (1,904,569 km2), and by total number of islands (17,504 islands).[4] It is also the world's most populous island country, with a population of over 270 million (the fourth most populous country in the world, after India, China, and the United States).

South America has only one independent sovereign island nation with Trinidad and Tobago; though considered a Caribbean island country, it is located on the northern portion of the South American continental shelf just 11 kilometres (6 nautical miles) off Venezuela, but 130 kilometres (70 nautical miles) from Grenada, the nearest of the Antilles.[n 1][5]

Sovereign states

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UN member states and states with limited recognition

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Name ISO code Geographic configuration Geologic location Area[6] Population [7] Population
density 		Geographical location Establishment/ Independence
km2 sq mi per km2 per sq mi
UN member states
 Antigua and Barbuda AG
ATG 		Two main islands (Antigua Island and Barbuda Island) Continental shelf 442 171 97,120 220 570 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1981 November 1
 Bahamas BS
BHS 		Archipelago Continental shelf 13,939 5,382 389,480 28 73 Atlantic Ocean, Lucayan Archipelago 1973 July 10
 Bahrain BH
BHR 		Archipelago (centered around Bahrain Island) Continental shelf 778 300 1,641,170 2,109 5,460 Persian Gulf 1971 December 10
 Barbados BB
BRB 		One island Continental shelf[n 2] 430 170 287,020 667 1,730 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1966 November 30
 Brunei BN
BRN 		Part of a larger island (Borneo) Continental shelf 5,765 2,226 433,290 75 190 Maritime Southeast Asia 1984 January 1
 Cape Verde CV
CPV 		Archipelago Oceanic 4,033 1,557 549,930 136 350 Atlantic Ocean, Macaronesia 1975 July 5
 Comoros KM
COM 		Archipelago Oceanic 1,861 719 850,890 457 1,180 Indian Ocean, Africa, Comoros Islands 1975 July 6
 Cuba CU
CUB 		One main island, and several smaller islands (Isla de la Juventud, etc.) Continental shelf 109,884 42,426 11,346,346 103 270 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles 1868 October 10

1902 May 20

 Cyprus[n 3] CY
CYP 		Part of a larger island, de jure sovereignty over entire island (Cyprus) Continental shelf 9,251 3,572 888,005 96 250 Mediterranean Sea 1960 August 16
 Dominica DM
DMA 		One island Continental shelf 754 291 71,810 95 250 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1978 November 3
 Dominican Republic DO
DOM 		Part of a larger island (Hispaniola), and several smaller islands (Alto Velo, Catalina, Saona, Beata, etc.) Continental shelf 48,671 18,792 10,738,960 221 570 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles 1821 December 1

1844 February 27

 East Timor TL
TLS 		Part of a larger island (Timor) Oceanic 14,919 5,760 1,293,120 87 230 Maritime Southeast Asia, Lesser Sunda Islands 2002 May 20
 Fiji FJ
FJI 		Archipelago Oceanic 18,274 7,056 889,950 49 130 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia 1970 October 10
 Grenada GD
GRD 		One main island, two dependencies (Carriacou and Petite Martinique) Continental shelf 344 133 112,000 326 840 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1974 February 7
 Haiti HT
HTI 		Part of a larger island (Hispaniola), and several smaller islands (Gonâve, Tortuga, Les Cayemites, etc.) Continental shelf 27,750 10,710 11,743,017 423 1,100 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles 1804 January 1
 Iceland IS
ISL 		One main island Oceanic[n 4] 102,775 39,682 361,310 4 10 Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Circle 1918 December 1
1944 June 17
 Indonesia ID
IDN 		Archipelago, including parts of larger islands (Borneo, New Guinea, Sebatik, and Timor) Various[n 5] 1,904,569 735,358 270,625,570 142 370 Maritime Southeast Asia, Indian and Pacific oceans 1945 August 17
 Ireland IE
IRL 		Part of a larger island (Ireland), and several smaller islands Continental shelf 70,273 27,133 4,977,400 71 180 Atlantic Ocean, British Isles 1922 December 6
 Jamaica JM
JAM 		One main island, and several small islands (Port Royal Cays, etc.) Continental shelf 10,991 4,244 2,734,092 249 640 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles 1962 August 6
 Japan JP
JPN 		Archipelago (Japanese Archipelago) Continental shelf 377,976 145,937[8] 126,264,930 334 870 Pacific Ocean, East Asia 660 BC February 11[n 6]
 Kiribati KI
KIR 		Archipelago Oceanic 811 313 117,610 145 380 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia 1979 July 12
 Madagascar MG
MDG 		One main island Continental shelf[n 7] 587,041 226,658 26,969,310 46 120 Indian Ocean, Africa 1960 June 26
 Maldives MV
MDV 		Archipelago Oceanic 298 115 383,976 1,289 3,340 Indian Ocean, Laccadive Sea 1965 July 26
 Malta MT
MLT 		Two main islands (Malta Island and Gozo) plus other smaller islands Continental shelf 316 122 502,650 1,591 4,120 Mediterranean Sea 1964 September 21
 Marshall Islands[n 8] MH
MHL 		Archipelago Oceanic 181 70 58,790 325 840 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia 1979 May 1
 Mauritius MU
MUS 		Archipelago Oceanic 2,040 790 1,265,710 620 1,600 Indian Ocean, Africa, Mascarene Islands 1968 March 12
 Micronesia[n 8] FM
FSM 		Archipelago Oceanic 702 271 113,810 162 420 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia 1979 May 10
 Nauru NR
NRU 		One island Oceanic 21 8.1 12,580 599 1,550 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia 1968 January 31
 New Zealand NZ
NZL 		Two main islands (North Island and South Island) plus other smaller islands Continental shelf[n 9] 270,467 104,428 5,125,451 19 49 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia 1907 September 26
 Palau[n 8] PW
PLW 		Archipelago Oceanic 459 177 18,010 39 100 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia 1981 January 1
 Papua New Guinea PG
PNG 		Part of a larger island (New Guinea), and several smaller islands Continental shelf 462,840 178,700 8,776,110 19 49 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia 1975 September 16
 Philippines PH
PHL 		Archipelago Continental shelf 300,000 120,000 108,116,620 360 930 Maritime Southeast Asia 1898 June 12

1946 July 4

 Saint Kitts and Nevis KN
KNA 		Two main islands (Saint Kitts Island and Nevis Island) Continental shelf 261 101 52,830 202 520 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1983 September 19
 Saint Lucia LC
LCA 		One main island Continental shelf 616 238 182,790 297 770 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1979 February 22
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC
VCT 		Archipelago Continental shelf 389 150 110,590 284 740 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1979 October 27
 Samoa WS
WSM 		Archipelago Oceanic 2,842 1,097 197,100 69 180 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia 1962 January 1
 São Tomé and Príncipe ST
STP 		Two main islands (São Tomé Island and Príncipe Island) Continental shelf 1,001 386 215,060 215 560 Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Guinea, Africa 1975 July 12
 Seychelles SC
SYC 		Archipelago Various[n 10] 455 176 97,630 215 560 Indian Ocean, Africa 1976 June 29
 Singapore SG
SGP 		One main island, plus other smaller islands Continental shelf 728 281 5,703,570 7,831 20,280 Maritime Southeast Asia 1965 August 9
 Solomon Islands SB
SLB 		Archipelago Oceanic 28,400 11,000 669,820 24 62 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia 1978 July 7
 Sri Lanka LK
LKA 		One main island, plus other small islands Continental shelf 65,610 25,330 21,803,000 332 860 Indian Ocean, South Asia 1948 February 4
 Tonga TO
TON 		Archipelago Oceanic 748 289 104,490 140 360 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia 1970 June 4
 Trinidad and Tobago TT
TTO 		Two main islands (Trinidad Island and Tobago Island) plus other smaller islands Continental shelf 5,131 1,981 1,394,970 272 700 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1962 August 31
 Tuvalu TV
TUV 		Archipelago Oceanic 26 10 11,650 448 1,160 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia 1978 October 1
 United Kingdom[n 11][9][discuss] GB or UK
GBR 		One main island, part of second island (Ireland), plus several minor islands Continental shelf 244,820 94,530 67,886,004 277 720 Atlantic Ocean, British Isles 1707 May 1
 Vanuatu VU
VUT 		Archipelago Oceanic 12,189 4,706 299,880 25 65 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia 1980 July 30
States with limited recognition
 Northern Cyprus[n 12] CY
CYP 		Part of a larger island (Cyprus) Continental shelf 3,355 1,295 313,626[10] 93 240 Mediterranean Sea 1974 July 20 (unlawful usurpation of Cypriot rule by Turkish minority)
 Taiwan[n 13] TW
TWN 		One main island, and several smaller islands Continental shelf 36,193 13,974 23,603,121 652 1,690 Pacific Ocean, East Asia 1912 January 1
1949 December 7[n 14]

Associated states

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Name ISO code Geographic configuration Geologic location Associated with Area Population Density Geographical location
km2 sq mi per km2 per sq mi
 Cook Islands[n 15] CK
COK 		Archipelago Oceanic  New Zealand 236 91 10,777 45.7 118 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia
 Niue[n 15] NU
NIU 		One island Oceanic  New Zealand 260 100 1,269 4.9 13 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia

Dependencies and other territories

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Name Geographic configuration Geologic location Sovereign state Area Population Density Geographic location
km2 sq mi per km2 per sq mi
 Åland Archipelago[n 16] Continental shelf  Finland 1,580 610 28,355 17.9 46 Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia
 American Samoa[n 17] Archipelago Oceanic  United States 199 77 54,947 276 710 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Archipelago Continental shelf  India 8,249 3,185 380,520 46 120 Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea
 Anguilla One main island Continental shelf United Kingdom 91 35 15,423 169 440 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 Aruba One main island Continental shelf  Netherlands 180 69 107,635 598 1,550 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 Bermuda Archipelago Oceanic United Kingdom 53.3 20.6 62,500 1,170 3,000 Atlantic Ocean, North America
 Bouvet Island One island Oceanic  Norway 49 19 No permanent resident 0 0 Southern Ocean
 British Indian Ocean Territory Archipelago Oceanic United Kingdom 60 23 3,000 50 130 Indian Ocean
 British Virgin Islands Archipelago Continental shelf United Kingdom 151 58 31,148 206 530 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 Caribbean Netherlands Three main islands Continental shelf  Netherlands 127 49 21,133 166 430 Caribbean Sea
 Cayman Islands Three islands Continental shelf United Kingdom 264 102 52,560 199 520 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles
 Christmas Island One island Oceanic  Australia 135 52 1,496 11.1 29 Indian Ocean, Australasia
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands Archipelago Oceanic  Australia 14 5.4 596 42.6 110 Indian Ocean, Australasia
 Curaçao One main island Continental shelf  Netherlands 444 171 145,834 328 850 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 Easter Island One Island Oceanic  Chile 163.6 63.2 6,148 37.5 97 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia
 Falkland Islands Two main islands Continental shelf United Kingdom[n 18] 12,173 4,700 3,140 0.26 0.67 Atlantic Ocean, South America
 Faroe Islands Archipelago Continental shelf Denmark 1,393 538 49,483 35.5 92 Atlantic Ocean
 French Polynesia Archipelago Oceanic  France 3,827 1,478 274,512 71.7 186 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia
 French Southern and Antarctic Lands Archipelago Oceanic  France 7,747 2,991 150 49.4 128 Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean
Galapagos Islands Archipelago Oceanic  Ecuador 8,010 3,090 33,042 4.1 11 Pacific Ocean
 Greenland One main island with archipelagos Continental shelf Denmark 2,166,086 836,330 57,695 0.03 0.078 North America
 Guadeloupe Archipelago Continental Shelf  France 1,628 629 405,500 250 650 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 Guam[n 17] One main island Oceanic  United States 544 210 159,914 293 760 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia
 Guernsey[n 19][11] Three main islands Continental shelf United Kingdom 78 30 65,849 844 2,190 English Channel, Channel Islands
 Heard and McDonald Islands Two main islands (Heard Island and McDonald Island) Oceanic  Australia 412 159 No permanent resident 0 0 Southern Ocean
 Isle of Man[n 19] One main island Continental shelf United Kingdom 572 221 85,421 149 390 Irish Sea, British Isles
 Jan Mayen One island Oceanic  Norway 377 146 No permanent resident 0 0 Arctic Ocean
 Jersey[n 19][11] One main island Continental shelf United Kingdom 116 45 94,949 819 2,120 English Channel, Channel Islands
Juan Fernandez Islands Two main islands Oceanic  Chile 100 39 926 9.2 24 Pacific Ocean
Lakshadweep Archipelago Oceanic  India 32.62 12.59 64,473 2,000 5,200 Indian Ocean
 Macao One main island and a peninsula on a river island Continental shelf  China 32.9 12.7 680,000 20,668 53,530 South China Sea, Pearl River Delta
 Martinique One island Continental shelf  France 1,128 436 403,795 360 930 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 Mayotte One main island Oceanic  France 374 144 194,000 498.5 1,291 Indian Ocean, Africa, Comoros Islands
 Montserrat One island Continental shelf United Kingdom 102 39 5,164 50.6 131 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 New Caledonia One main island Continental shelf[n 9]  France 18,275 7,056 260,166 14.2 37 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia
 Norfolk Island One main island Continental shelf[n 9]  Australia 36 14 2,182 60.6 157 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia
 Northern Mariana Islands[n 17] Archipelago Oceanic  United States 464 179 51,395 111 290 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia
 Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands Archipelago Oceanic United Kingdom 47 18 48 1.0 2.6 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia
 Puerto Rico[n 17] One main island, archipelago Continental shelf  United States 8,870 3,420 3,690,923 416 1,080 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles
 Réunion One main island Oceanic  France 2,512 970 893,500 330 850 Indian Ocean, Africa, Mascarene Islands
San Andrés and Providencia Archipelago Oceanic  Colombia 525 203 61,280 1,200 3,100 Caribbean Sea
 Saint Barthélemy One main island Continental shelf  France 21 8.1 7,332 349 900 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Three main islands distant from each other Oceanic United Kingdom 308 119 7,728 25.1 65 Atlantic Ocean
Saint Martin Part of a larger island (Saint Martin) Continental shelf  France 54.4 21.0 30,959 569 1,470 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Two main islands Continental shelf  France 242 93 5,831 24.1 62 North America
 Sint Maarten Part of a larger island (Saint Martin) Continental shelf  Netherlands 34 13 39,088 1,150 3,000 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Archipelago Continental shelf United Kingdom[n 18] 3,903 1,507 No permanent resident 0 0 Atlantic Ocean
 Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Part of a larger island (Cyprus) Continental shelf United Kingdom 254 98 15,700 61.8 160 Mediterranean Sea
 Svalbard[n 20] Archipelago Continental shelf  Norway 62,045 23,956 2,752 0.03 0.078 Arctic Ocean
 Tokelau[n 21] Archipelago Oceanic New Zealand 12 4.6 1,368 114 300 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia
 Turks and Caicos Islands Archipelago Continental shelf United Kingdom 948 366 46,335 48.9 127 Atlantic Ocean, Lucayan Archipelago
 United States Minor Outlying Islands Archipelago Continental shelf  United States 41 16 300 7.3 19 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia, Polynesia
 U.S. Virgin Islands[n 17] Archipelago Continental shelf  United States 346 134 105,275 304 790 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles
 Wallis and Futuna Three main islands Oceanic  France 264 102 15,289 57.9 150 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia

Former sovereign island nations and primarily island-based countries

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Africa

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Asia

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Europe

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North America

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Oceania

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Former colonies, possessions, protectorates, and other territories

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Island countries that will exist in the near future

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are disputed island territories administered by the United Kingdom and claimed by Argentina.
  2. ^ A microcontinent on continental crust.
  3. ^ The northern part of the island of Cyprus is the de facto independent state of Northern Cyprus, which is recognized only by Turkey. In the south of the island are the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, controlled by the United Kingdom.
  4. ^ The largest oceanic island in the world.
  5. ^ The western portion of the country is on the continental shelf of Asia while the eastern portion of the country is on the continental shelf of Australia. The central portion of the country consists of oceanic islands in Wallacea.
  6. ^ In Japanese tradition, 11 February 660 BC is regarded as the accession date of the first Emperor of Japan in legendary, Emperor Jimmu, marking the establishment of the imperial dynasty. However, no historical evidence that Jimmu actually existed and his story was largely narrated by Japanese mythology. February 11 was also the day when the Constitution of the Empire of Japan was proclaimed in 1889. See: National Foundation Day
  7. ^ The largest microcontinent in the world.
  8. ^ a b c The Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau are states in free association with the United States, under the Compact of Free Association.
  9. ^ a b c A part of the submerged continent of Zealandia.
  10. ^ The Granitic Seychelles is a part of the Seychelles microcontinent. The Coralline Seychelles consists of oceanic islands.
  11. ^ The British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar is a peninsular exclave which shares a land border with Spain and can thus be regarded as a part of continental Europe, with the United Kingdom retaining the full authority for its defence and foreign relations. However, Gibraltar and other BOTs are considered to be dependent territories of the British Crown with varying degrees of self-governance, not parts of the United Kingdom proper nor of any of its four constituent countries.
  12. ^ In 1983, in a breach of international law, Northern Cyprus unilaterally declared independence from Cyprus, with direct support of its neighbour Turkey, in support of the Turkish people minority on the island. Northern Cyprus's sovereignty has been recognized by only one United Nations member state: Turkey. It retains a de facto control of this part of the island. It is not a member state of the United Nations. Most states recognize Cyprus's claim to sovereignty over the entirety of the island of Cyprus.
  13. ^ Since the conclusion of the Chinese Civil War, the Republic of China (ROC) retains actual rule over the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands, all of which are collectively known as the "Free Area" (or Taiwan Area) in contrast to Mainland China being under communist rule, thus making it a de facto island nation, and has become known colloquially as simply "Taiwan" due to the island of Taiwan forming the majority of the ROC-controlled territories; nonetheless, the ROC has not officially renounced its constitutional-defined territories which include areas effectively controlled by the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, Tuva (a Russian republic) etc. If claimed territories were taken into account, the ROC would not be an island country, nor a country centred around a major island. The ROC-controlled territories are also claimed by the People's Republic of China. See: Cross-Strait relations, One China, Political status of Taiwan, and Two Chinas.
  14. ^ The Republic of China (ROC) was formally established on 1 January 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution, which succeeded the former Qing dynasty's territories on Mainland China, while the islands of Taiwan and Penghu were under Japanese rule at the time. The ROC gained control over the latter after the Surrender of Japan in 1945, but soon lost its control of mainland to the communists due to the Chinese Civil War. The ROC government relocated to Taipei on 7 December 1949 and named the city its provisional capital. Constitutionally, the Republic of China on Taiwan still views itself as the continuation of the former Chinese republic, with legitimate sovereignty over Mainland China despite having no actual control. 7 December 1949 is listed as the date of formation of its governing authority fully established on the islands. See: Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China, Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan, and Political status of Taiwan.
  15. ^ a b The political status of the Cook Islands and Niue is defined as states in free association with New Zealand. The Cook Islands and Niue are internally self-governing, with New Zealand retaining responsibility for their defence and for some foreign affairs. However, these responsibilities confer New Zealand no rights of control and can only be exercised at the request of the Cook Islands and Niue. See: Constitution of the Cook Islands and Niue Constitution Act.
  16. ^ Finland and Sweden share a border over the small island of Märket; however, the property including the lighthouse is owned by the Finnish rather than Åland government.
  17. ^ a b c d e An insular area of the United States. See Territories of the United States.
  18. ^ a b The Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are also claimed by Argentina.
  19. ^ a b c The Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey, and the Isle of Man are peculiars of the British Crown and not part of the United Kingdom; foreign relations and defence are provided by the UK.
  20. ^ Administered by Norway under the Svalbard Treaty.
  21. ^ Tokelau is a dependent territory of New Zealand.
  22. ^ By 1910, the Empire of Japan was restricted to the entire Japanese archipelago, Southern Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and Taiwan, before its official annexation of Korea. The Japanese concessions in China including the Kwantung Leased Territory which acquired by Japan before 1905 were regarded as Chinese territories under foreign jurisdiction, they were not officially annexed by Japan and obliged to be returned under a fixed-term territorial lease by bilateral agreements.
  23. ^ Before the outbreak of Sicilian Vespers in 1282, the Kingdom of Sicily encompassed both the island of Sicily and south Italy; the war resulted the division of the kingdom into two parts as "Kingdom of Trinacria" (island part), and Kingdom of Naples (mainland part) which still officially called itself "Kingdom of Sicily". The two Sicilian kingdoms had since remained separate until 1816, when they remerged to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
  24. ^ Dissolved in 1962 and then divided into Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
  25. ^ The Crown Colony of Hong Kong covered only Hong Kong Island from 1841 to 1860. Kowloon, south of Boundary Street on the continent, was added in 1860, and extended to include the New Territories in 1898.
  26. ^ The colony covered the island of Newfoundland before 1809. In 1809, part of the Labrador Peninsula was transferred to Newfoundland from Lower Canada. In other words, before 1809, Newfoundland was an island colony. From 1809 onwards, the Colony of Newfoundland and, since 1907, the Dominion of Newfoundland had been an island plus Labrador (an area on the continent of North America).

References

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  1. ^ "Definition of island". Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012.
  2. ^ The Republic of China (commonly known as "Taiwan") only controls the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu etc. after the Chinese Civil War, but has not renounced claim on areas currently under control of the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, Tuva (a Russian republic) etc. If those territories are taken into account, the Republic of China is not an island country or a country centered with a major island. The area under ROC control is also claimed by the People's Republic of China. See: One China and Political status of Taiwan.
  3. ^ Löffler, Ernst; A.J. Rose, Anneliese Löffler & Denis Warner (1983). Australia:Portrait of a Continent. Richmond, Victoria: Hutchinson Group. p. 17. ISBN 0-09-130460-1.
  4. ^ Which Countries Have The Most Islands?
  5. ^ Island Countries
  6. ^ "Island Countries Of The World". WorldAtlas.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  7. ^ "Total Population Estimates 2015-2019". data.worldbank.org. The World Bank. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  8. ^ "令和元年全国都道府県市区町村別面積調（１０月１日時点）2020年" (in Japanese). Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. 25 December 2020. Archived from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  9. ^ "The Overseas Territories" (PDF). Foreign and Commonwealth Office. June 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  10. ^ TRNC SPO, Economic and Social Indicators 2014, pages=2–3
  11. ^ a b "Channel Islands". Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
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