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Loznica

Coordinates: 44°32′00″N 19°13′33″E / 44.53333°N 19.22583°E / 44.53333; 19.22583
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other places with the same name, see Loznica (disambiguation).
Loznica
Лозница (Serbian)
City
City of Loznica
From top: Panoramic view of Loznica, Loznica city museum, Cultural center, Elementary school "Anta Bogićević", Church of the Most Holy Theotokos, Battle of Drina monument on Gučevo mountain, Corso in Loznica
Flag of Loznica
Flag
Coat of arms of Loznica
Coat of arms
Etymology: Vine (sr. loza)
Location of the city of Loznica within Serbia
Location of the city of Loznica within Serbia
Map
Coordinates: 44°32′00″N 19°13′33″E / 44.53333°N 19.22583°E / 44.53333; 19.22583
Country Serbia
RegionŠumadija and Western Serbia
DistrictMačva
Settlements52
Government
 • MayorDragana Lukić (SNS)
Area
[1]
 • Urban9.45 km2 (3.65 sq mi)
 • Administrative612 km2 (236 sq mi)
Elevation
121 m (397 ft)
Population
 (2022 census)[2]
 • Rank18th in Serbia
 • Urban
19,515
 • Urban density2,100/km2 (5,300/sq mi)
 • Administrative
72,062
 • Administrative density120/km2 (300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
15300
Area code+381(0)15
ISO 3166 codeSRB
Car platesLO
Websitewww.loznica.rs

Loznica (Serbian Cyrillic: Лозница, pronounced [lǒznitsa]) is a city located in the Mačva District of western Serbia, on the right bank of the Drina river. In 2022 the city had a total population of 19,515, while the administrative area had a population of 72,062.

Its name stems from the word "loza" (the Serbian word for vine). Originally, its name was Lozica (Serbian for small vine), but it later became Loznica.

History

[edit]
Marcus Aurelius Probus

The oldest settlements on the territory of Jadar and Loznica can be traced to the Neolithic period when the Starčevo culture flourished from 4500–3000 BC. Illyrian and Celtic tribes inhabited the region prior to the Roman conquest in 75 BC. Roman conquest of the Balkan peninsula brought huge changes: the territory became part of the Roman province of Dalmatia.

The most important settlement in Jadar was Genzis, located near Lešnica, while the Roman settlement in present-day Loznica was called Ad Drinum. Legend tells that Loznica was named after the grape vines that were grown in this region, starting from the 3rd century BC in the time of Roman Emperor Probus. The first reference to the town as Loznica dates back to the reign of Serbian King Stefan Milutin, when Catherine, the wife of Milutin's brother Dragutin, founded the nearby monastery of Tronoša (1317). Loznica received little notice for the next two hundred years. By 1533, Loznica had been conquered from the Serbian Despotate by the Ottoman Empire and was then populated by Muslims; according to the tax registry, out of 37 houses, 26 houses were Muslim and 11 were Christian.

In 1600, Loznica became an officially Muslim (Bosniak) settlement with 55 houses. In this period Loznica and Jadar were part of the region administered from Zvornik. The Zvornik region itself was ruled by the pasha in Bosnia. Striving toward liberation from Ottoman rule, the population of Loznica was actively involved in the common fight of the Serbian people, beginning with the First Serbian Uprising of 1804. The uprising was very important since the Ottomans did not easily give up on the border part of their territory from which they could harvest taxes and supply their army as well as break through towards the central part of the rebellious Serbia.

During the whole period of the First Uprising (1804–13), numerous and heavy battles against the Ottomans were fought in Loznica and its vicinity. In 1813 the Serbs managed to drive the Ottomans across the river Drina, at which time the Ottomans reoccupied Loznica. In November 1833, Loznica and Jadar officially became part of the Principality of Serbia, during the rule of Miloš Obrenović, when Sultan Mahmud II ceded six seized regions to Serbia. This resulted in the abolition of Ottoman ownership over the land and it was declared a free peasant state, which meant that the feudal system was revoked.

Jadar became part of the Podrinje region, while Loznica became the seat of the region, remaining in this role until the end of the 19th century, when the capital was moved to Šabac. During the 1830s, Loznica had 295 houses with 1203 people and became the centre of the administrative and political power of Podrinje. The education system started to develop and a hospital was set up (1882), construction of industrial buildings started, craftsmen, trade and banking started to develop. Construction of the railway between Šabac, Loznica and Banja Koviljaca started by the beginning of the 20th century. The First Balkan War and First World War halted economic development and significantly reduced the number of people in Loznica and vicinity.

Upon completion of the First World War, Loznica remained a regional centre with about 5000 people. There was a short period of reconstruction and economic development, followed by the Great Depression, which saw a decline in the prices of agricultural products. By the mid-1930s, craft and trade shops had been established, bringing some relief to the economy. Later, the antimony mines were acquired by German industrialists which further strengthened the economy. This growth was, however, brought to an abrupt halt at the beginning of World War II. Loznica became the first city in Europe to be liberated from German occupation when Chetnik units entered on 31 August 1941.[3]

In January 2008, according to the Serbian law, Loznica received the status of a city.

Geography and climate

[edit]

The city is located in western Serbia, in the Mačva District, near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies on the river Štira [sr], near its confluence into the Drina river.

Climate

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Loznica has a humid subtropical climate with cold winters, often very cold due to the mountain winds of nearby mountains, and warm to hot summers. When hot air from Adriatic Sea starts going inland, to the north-east it rises over mountain barriers (Zlatar and Zlatibor), gaining jet effect and continuing fast to western parts of Serbia.

Climate data for Loznica (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.6
(70.9) 		25.6
(78.1) 		30.2
(86.4) 		32.0
(89.6) 		36.0
(96.8) 		37.3
(99.1) 		42.3
(108.1) 		41.0
(105.8) 		39.0
(102.2) 		31.7
(89.1) 		29.1
(84.4) 		26.4
(79.5) 		42.3
(108.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.7
(42.3) 		8.4
(47.1) 		13.4
(56.1) 		18.6
(65.5) 		23.2
(73.8) 		26.8
(80.2) 		28.8
(83.8) 		29.2
(84.6) 		24.0
(75.2) 		18.9
(66.0) 		12.6
(54.7) 		6.5
(43.7) 		18.0
(64.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5) 		3.2
(37.8) 		7.5
(45.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		17.1
(62.8) 		20.9
(69.6) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.2
(72.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		12.3
(54.1) 		7.3
(45.1) 		2.5
(36.5) 		12.2
(54.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.8
(28.8) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		2.6
(36.7) 		6.8
(44.2) 		11.4
(52.5) 		15.2
(59.4) 		16.5
(61.7) 		16.4
(61.5) 		12.1
(53.8) 		7.7
(45.9) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		7.4
(45.3)
Record low °C (°F) −25.4
(−13.7) 		−20.6
(−5.1) 		−15.5
(4.1) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		4.1
(39.4) 		7.7
(45.9) 		5.0
(41.0) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−13.4
(7.9) 		−17.6
(0.3) 		−25.4
(−13.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 63.0
(2.48) 		54.5
(2.15) 		65.0
(2.56) 		63.4
(2.50) 		90.9
(3.58) 		107.2
(4.22) 		80.4
(3.17) 		69.9
(2.75) 		71.2
(2.80) 		74.1
(2.92) 		68.8
(2.71) 		71.7
(2.82) 		880.1
(34.65)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 14.1 12.8 12.2 12.8 14.0 13.2 10.9 8.6 10.8 11.0 12.2 13.8 146.4
Average snowy days 7.7 6.6 3.7 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.5 5.8 27.1
Average relative humidity (%) 82.9 77.1 69.7 67.8 69.3 69.7 68.1 69.0 74.5 79.2 81.6 83.5 74.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 65.0 90.8 148.3 184.8 227.4 254.3 295.9 283.0 194.7 147.7 84.8 54.4 2,031.1
Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[4][5]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
194853,436—    
195359,796+2.27%
196170,534+2.09%
197178,228+1.04%
198184,180+0.74%
199186,875+0.32%
200286,413−0.05%
201179,327−0.95%
202272,062−0.87%
Source: [6]

According to the 2011 census, the ethnic groups in the city of Loznica included majority Serbs (77,685), and smaller numbers of Romani (761), ethnic Muslims (660), Yugoslavs (74), Montenegrins (58) and others.

Settlements

[edit]

Aside from Loznica, the city includes the following settlements:

Society and culture

[edit]

Culture

[edit]
Statue of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić

Among cultural heritage include the Church of the Holy Virgin located in the town, the 14th-century Čokešina Monastery, the 13th-century Tronoša Monastery, and monuments on Gučevo mountain, in Tekeriš, and in Draginac, as well as the ethnic village of Tršić.

A Serbian epic poem is the Battle of Loznica in which the central figure Anta Bogićević leads Serbian forces during the First Serbian Uprising. The most important local cultural event is "Vukov Sabor" (Council of Vuk) in Tršić, dating back from 1933.[7] Held annually in September, in memory of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić who was born in the village, it remains the oldest and largest cultural event in Serbia, for its importance and the increasing volume (20-30,000 visitors).

A museum dedicated to the prominent artists Mića Popović, who was born in Loznica, and Vera Božičković-Popović is located in the center of the town.[8] Jadar Museum is dedicated to local history and covers a period from prehistoric times to 1950.[9]

Sport

[edit]
Lagator Stadium, May 2023

Loznica's local football club is called FK Loznica, with the Lagator Stadium as home ground.

Economy

[edit]
Viskoza factory

The largest factory of Loznica was "HI Viskoza Loznica", founded in 1957 with over 10,000 employees (1981), at the time when the city had 18,000 inhabitants. Production of trailers was primarily in the factory "FAK Loznica", and textile production in "Moda" Loznica.

Italian manufacturer of stockings and women's underwear "Golden Lady" has a factory in Loznica, exporting to countries of the European Union. For now the factory employs 550 workers.

Also, one of the largest lithium deposits (Jadar mine) in Serbia with total reserves of 125.3 million tonnes is located in Loznica.

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):[10]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 112
Mining and quarrying 89
Manufacturing 6,510
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 239
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 188
Construction 1,859
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 2,864
Transportation and storage 900
Accommodation and food services 780
Information and communication 124
Financial and insurance activities 187
Real estate activities 41
Professional, scientific and technical activities 653
Administrative and support service activities 282
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 869
Education 1,324
Human health and social work activities 1,934
Arts, entertainment and recreation 259
Other service activities 387
Individual agricultural workers 756
Total 20,357

Twin cities

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  2. ^ "2022 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings: Ethnicity (data by municipalities and cities)" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. April 2023. ISBN 978-86-6161-228-2. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  3. ^ Nikolić, Kosta (2018). "Dragoljub-Draža Mihailović". In Pavković, Aleksandar; Radan, Peter (eds.). The Serbs and their Leaders in the Twentieth Century. Routledge. ISBN 9780429772597.
  4. ^ "Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1991–2020" (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  5. ^ "Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1981–2010" (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  6. ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  7. ^ "Cеntar za kulturu "Vuk Karadžić" Loznica". www.ckvkaradzic.org.rs. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
  8. ^ "Stalna postavka slika Miće Popović i Vere Božičković Popović.Biografije Miće Popović i Vere Božičković Popović. Virtuelna tura galerije". Stalna postavka slika Miće Popović i Vere Božičković Popović.Biografije Miće Popović i Vere Božičković Popović. Virtuelna tura galerije. Archived from the original on 2024-08-15. Retrieved 2024-08-16.
  9. ^ "Музеј Јадра" (in Serbian). Retrieved 2024-08-17.
  10. ^ "MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2023" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
[edit]
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