Maleae

Maleae; Temporal range: Eocene - recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Lindleya mespiloides in bloom
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Rosaceae
Subfamily:	Amygdaloideae
Tribe:	Maleae; Small 1933
Subtribes
	Lindleyinae; Malinae;
Synonyms
	Crataegeae Koehne 1890; Kageneckieae Takhtajan 1997; Lindleyieae Takhtajan 1997; Pomeae A. Gray 1842; Pyreae Baill.; Sorbeae Koehne;

The Maleae (incorrectly Pyreae) are the apple tribe in the rose family, Rosaceae. The group includes a number of plants bearing commercially important fruits, such as apples and pears, while others are cultivated as ornamentals. Older taxonomies separated some of this group as tribe Crataegeae,^[2]^[3] as the Cydonia group (a tentative placement),^[3] or some genera were placed in family Quillajaceae.^[3]

The tribe consists exclusively of shrubs and small trees. Most have pomes, a type of accessory fruit that does not occur in other Rosaceae. All except Vauquelinia (with 15 chromosomes) have a basal haploid chromosome count of 17, instead of 7, 8, or 9 as in the other Rosaceae.^[4]

There are approximately 28 genera that contain about 1100 species worldwide, with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

Current classification

Core members of the group

A traditional circumscription of Maleae includes the following genera:^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6]

Amelanchier - serviceberry, juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum
Aria - whitebeam
Aronia - chokeberry
Chaenomeles - Japanese quince
Chamaemeles
Chamaemespilus - false medlar
Cormus - service tree
Cydonia - quince
Dichotomanthes
Docynia
Docyniopsis
Eriobotrya -loquat
Eriolobus
Hesperomeles
Heteromeles - toyon
Malacomeles - false serviceberry
Malus - apple, crabapple
Osteomeles
Peraphyllum - wild crab apple, squaw apple
Phippsiomeles^[7]
Photinia
Pourthiaea^[7]
Pseudocydonia - Chinese quince
Pyrus - pear
Rhaphiolepis - hawthorn
Sorbus (s.s.) - rowan
Stranvaesia^[7]
Torminalis - chequer tree

intergeneric hybrids:^[8]^[9]

and graft chimeras:
+ Pyrocydonia (Pirocydonia)

Tribe Crataegeae

A recent taxonomic treatment includes the following genera in Maleae that were earlier separated as tribe Crataegeae (or as intertribe hybrids):^[10]

Cotoneaster - cotoneaster
Crataegus - hawthorn
Mespilus - medlar
Pyracantha - firethorn

intergeneric (including intertribal) hybrids:^[8]

and the graft hybrid:

+ Crataegomespilus

Former members of family Quillajaceae

The following genera were previously placed in tribe Quillajeae in Rosaceae, or in family Quillajaceae. Their fruit are dry capsules, not pomes.

The Cydonia group

The Cydonia group within the Maloid Rosaceae was a tentative grouping of pome-fruited genera with many ovules (rather than just two) per carpel.^[3] The genera involved were:

It is not yet clear whether this group is monophyletic within the Maleae. Molecular data indicate a close relationship between Cydonia and Pseudocydonia.^[6] Multiple ovules per carpel also occur in Kageneckia, a non-pome-bearing genus.^[6] Chloroplast DNA analysis, but not nuclear DNA, shows a tight relationship between Cydonia and Dichotomanthes, a non-pome-bearing genus.^[6]

References

^ "Rosales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-06-16.
^ ^a ^b G. K. Schulze-Menz 1964. Reihe Rosales. in A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kalkman, C. (2004). "Rosaceae". In K. Kubitzki (ed.). Flowering plants, dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Vol. 6. Berlin: Springer. pp. 343–386.
^ Goldblatt, P. (1976). "Cytotaxonomic studies in the tribe Quillajeae (Rosaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 63 (1): 200–206. doi:10.2307/2395226. JSTOR 2395226.
^ Sterling, C. (1965). "Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Rosaceae. V. Pomoideae: Amelanchier, Aronia, Malacomeles, Malus, Peraphyllum, Pyrus, Sorbus". American Journal of Botany. 52 (4): 418–426. doi:10.2307/2440337. JSTOR 2440337.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Campbell, C.S.; Evans, R.C.; Morgan, D.R.; Dickinson, T.A.; Arsenault, M.P. (2007). "Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae (formerly the Maloideae, Rosaceae): Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266 (1–2): 119–145. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0545-y.
^ ^a ^b ^c Liu, B.B.; Hong, D.Y.; Zhou, S.L.; Xu, C.; Dong, W.P.; Johnson, G.; Wen, J. (2019). "Phylogenomic analyses of the Photinia complex support the recognition of a new genus Phippsiomeles and the resurrection of a redefined Stranvaesia in Maleae (Rosaceae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 57 (6): 678–694. doi:10.1111/jse.12542.
^ ^a ^b Stace, C. A. 1975. Hybridization and the flora of the British Isles. Academic Press, London.
^ "USDA PLANTS".
^ Potter, D.; Eriksson, T.; Evans, R.C.; Oh, S.H.; Smedmark, J.E.E.; Morgan, D.R.; Kerr, M.; Robertson, K.R.; Arsenault, M.P.; Dickinson, T.A.; Campbell, C.S. (2007). Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(1–2): 5–43. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9

[mobot-1] "Rosales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-06-16.

[Schulze-Menz-2] G. K. Schulze-Menz 1964. Reihe Rosales. in A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin

[Kalkman-3] Kalkman, C. (2004). "Rosaceae". In K. Kubitzki (ed.). Flowering plants, dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Vol. 6. Berlin: Springer. pp. 343–386.

[4] Goldblatt, P. (1976). "Cytotaxonomic studies in the tribe Quillajeae (Rosaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 63 (1): 200–206. doi:10.2307/2395226. JSTOR 2395226.

[5] Sterling, C. (1965). "Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Rosaceae. V. Pomoideae: Amelanchier, Aronia, Malacomeles, Malus, Peraphyllum, Pyrus, Sorbus". American Journal of Botany. 52 (4): 418–426. doi:10.2307/2440337. JSTOR 2440337.

[Campbell-6] Campbell, C.S.; Evans, R.C.; Morgan, D.R.; Dickinson, T.A.; Arsenault, M.P. (2007). "Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae (formerly the Maloideae, Rosaceae): Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266 (1–2): 119–145. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0545-y.

[Liuetal2019-7] Liu, B.B.; Hong, D.Y.; Zhou, S.L.; Xu, C.; Dong, W.P.; Johnson, G.; Wen, J. (2019). "Phylogenomic analyses of the Photinia complex support the recognition of a new genus Phippsiomeles and the resurrection of a redefined Stranvaesia in Maleae (Rosaceae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 57 (6): 678–694. doi:10.1111/jse.12542.

[Stace-8] Stace, C. A. 1975. Hybridization and the flora of the British Isles. Academic Press, London.

[9] "USDA PLANTS".

[Potter-10] Potter, D.; Eriksson, T.; Evans, R.C.; Oh, S.H.; Smedmark, J.E.E.; Morgan, D.R.; Kerr, M.; Robertson, K.R.; Arsenault, M.P.; Dickinson, T.A.; Campbell, C.S. (2007). Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(1–2): 5–43. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9

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