Max von Gallwitz
Max von Gallwitz | |
|---|---|
 Gallwitz on 13 July 1915 | |
| Born | 2 May 1852 Breslau, Province of Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia (now Wrocław, Republic of Poland) |
| Died | 18 April 1937 (aged 84) Naples, Kingdom of Italy (now Naples, Republic of Italy) |
| Allegiance |  German Empire |
| Service |  Imperial German Army |
| Years of service | 1870–1918 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands | Guards Reserve Corps Twelfth Army Eleventh Army Second Army Fifth Army Army Group Gallwitz |
| Battles / wars | Franco-Prussian War World War I |
Max Karl Wilhelm von Gallwitz (2 May 1852 – 18 April 1937) was a German general from Breslau (Wrocław), Silesia, who served with distinction during World War I on both the Eastern and Western Fronts.[1][2]
Biography
[edit]Gallwitz grew up in a Catholic family in Breslau and joined the Prussian Army in 1870. In 1891, he married Friedrike. They had a daughter and son Werner, who became a lieutenant general in the Second World War. Gallwitz was a First World War corps commander (Guards Reserve Corps) on the Western Front, but he was almost immediately transferred east to join the Eighth Army under Hindenburg.[1] In 1915, he took command of Armee-Gruppe Gallwitz[3] (later redesignated Twelfth Army) and participated in the Galicia offensive alongside Mackensen, who commanded the Eleventh Army.[4]
Towards the end of 1915, Gallwitz succeeded Mackensen as commander of the Eleventh Army, as the latter campaigned against Serbia. In 1916, he moved back to the Western Front and defended against the British attack in the Battle of the Somme. He took over command of 2nd Army and of Heeresgruppe Gallwitz - Somme[5] controlling the 1st and 2nd Armies. From 1916–18, he commanded the Fifth Army in the west, most notably engaging the Americans during the Battle of Saint-Mihiel.
Following his retirement from the army, Gallwitz served as a deputy in the Reichstag (1920–24) for the German National People's Party.[4]
Awards and decorations
[edit]- Pour le Mérite (24 July 1915), Oak Leaves added on 28 September 1915
- Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle
- Order of the Black Eagle (23 December 1917)
- Iron Cross First and Second class
References
[edit]- Notes
- ^ a b Duffy, Michael (2009-08-22), Who's Who - Max von Gallwitz, firstworldwar.com
- ^ Duffy, Michael (2009-08-22), Primary Documents - Max von Gallwitz on the Battle of St Mihiel, 12 September 1918, firstworldwar.com
- ^ Armee-Gruppe or Army Group in the sense of a group within an Army and under its command, generally formed as a temporary measure for a specific task.
- ^ a b Rickard, J. (2007-10-03), Max von Gallwitz, German General, 1852-1937
- ^ Heeresgruppe or Army Group in the sense of a number of armies under a single commander.
- Bibliography
Sources
[edit]- DiNardo, Richard L. (2015). Invasion: The Conquest of Serbia, 1915. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 9781440800924.
- Jung, Jakob (1995). Max von Gallwitz (1852-1937) (in German). Biblio. p. 292. ISBN 978-3-7648-2435-8.
External links
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- 1852 births
- 1937 deaths
- Military personnel from Wrocław
- Military personnel from the Province of Silesia
- German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
- German untitled nobility
- German Army generals of World War I
- German Roman Catholics
- Generals of Artillery (Prussia)
- German monarchists
- Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
- Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
- German Army personnel stubs