USA-92
| Names | Navstar 2A-12 GPS IIA-12 GPS II-21 GPS SVN-39 Navstar 39 |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Navigation |
| Operator | U.S. Air Force |
| COSPAR ID | 1993-042A [1] |
| SATCAT no. | 22700 |
| Mission duration | 7.5 years (planned) 20.8 years (achieved) |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | GPS IIA |
| Spacecraft type | GPS Block IIA[2] |
| Manufacturer | Rockwell International |
| Launch mass | 840 kg (1,850 lb) |
| Dimensions | 5.3 m (17 ft) of long |
| Power | 710 watts |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 26 June 1993, 13:27:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Delta II 7925-9.5 (Delta D221) |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral, LC-17A |
| Entered service | 27 July 1993 |
| End of mission | |
| Disposal | Graveyard orbit |
| Deactivated | 19 May 2014 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit[3] |
| Regime | Medium Earth orbit (Semi-synchronous) |
| Perigee altitude | 20,123 km (12,504 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 20,246 km (12,580 mi) |
| Inclination | 54.70° |
| Period | 720.00 minutes |
USA-92, also known as GPS IIA-12, GPS II-21, GPS SVN-39, and NAVSTAR 39, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the twelfth of nineteen Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched.
Background
[edit]Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55.0°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.[1]
GPS Block 2 was the operational system, following the demonstration system composed of Block 1 (Navstar 1 - 11) spacecraft. These spacecraft were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied 710 watts of power. They used S-band (SGLS) communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. The payload consisted of two L-band navigation signals at 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). Each spacecraft carried 2 rubidium and 2 Cesium clocks and nuclear detonation detection sensors. Built by Rockwell Space Systems for the U.S. Air force, the spacecraft measured 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed and had a design life of 7.5 years.[1]
Launch
[edit]USA-92 was launched at 13:27:00 UTC on 26 June 1993, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D221, flying in the 7925–9.5 configuration.[4] The launch took place from Launch Complex 17A (LC-17A) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS),[5] and placed USA-92 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.[2]
Mission
[edit]On 27 July 1993, USA-92 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20,123 km (12,504 mi), an apogee of 20,246 km (12,580 mi), a period of 720.00 minutes, and 54.70° of inclination to the equator.[3] It broadcasts the PRN 09 signal, and operates in slot 1 of plane A of the GPS constellation.[6] The satellite has a mass of 840 kg (1,850 lb). It had a design life of 7.5 years;[2] however, it was kept in service for over 20 years before finally decommissioned from service on 19 May 2014.[7]
Following decommissioning, it was subsequently placed in a disposal orbit approximately 1000 km above the operational constellation on 21 September 2015.[8]
References
[edit]
- ^ a b c "Display: Navstar 39 1993-042A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c Krebs, Gunter. "GPS-2A (Navstar-2A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Trajectory: Navstar 39 1993-042A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch List". Launch Vehicle Database. Jonathan's Space Report. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^ Wade, Mark. "Navstar". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 11 November 2002. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^ "NOTICE ADVISORY TO NAVSTAR USERS (NANU) 2014046". United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 21 May 2014. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "2 SOPS adapts new disposal approval process". United States Air Force. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2022.