Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/S3

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1001 to 1100

1001 – 1020

1. Spell (JE | WP GWP G) -- See I123: Incantation
2. Jacob Hirsch Sperling (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian teacher of religion at the Jewish school and the German gymnasium in Lemberg, where he was born in 1837; died Dec...
3. Speyer (JE | WP GWP G) Bishopric of Rhenish Bavaria. The first mention of a Jewish community in Speyer occurs during the episcopate of Bishop R&#252...
4. Speyer (JE | WP GWP G) German family doubtless deriving its name from the German city of Speyer. Members of it had settled in Frankfort-on-the-Main...
5. Jacob Samuel Speyer (JE | WP GWP G) Dutch philologist; born at Amsterdam Dec. 20, 1849. He studied at Amsterdam and at Leyden (Ph.D. 1872); and thereafter officiated...
6. Spices (JE | WP GWP G) Aromatic vegetable substances used in preparing food or in compounding salves or perfumes.With the exception of salt, no condiments...
7. Max Spicker (JE | WP GWP G) German musician; born at Königsberg, Prussia, Aug. 16, 1858. Educated at the Conservatorium, Leipsic, he in 1878 traveled...
8. Spider (JE | WP GWP G) -- See I151: Insects
9. Frederick S Spiegel (JE | WP GWP G) American jurist; born at Hovestadt, Westphalia, Prussia, Nov. 20, 1858. He attended the gymnasium at Paderborn, Westphalia...
10. Sir Isidore Spielmann (JE | WP GWP G) English engineer and communal worker; born in London July 21, 1854. He was trained as an engineer, but developed great interest...
11. Marion H. Spielmann (JE | WP GWP G) English author and art critic; born in London May 22, 1858; educated at University College School and University College,...
12. Alfonso de Spina (Espina) (JE | WP GWP G) One of the most inveterate enemies of the Jews and of Judaism—to which he never belonged, despite the assertions of...
13. Joel Elias Spingarn (JE | WP GWP G) American educator; born in New York city May 17, 1875. He was graduated from Columbia University in 1895, and took postgraduate...
14. Spinnholz (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M215: Marriage Ceremonies
15. Spinning (JE | WP GWP G) Spinning and weaving are arts of extreme antiquity, dating back even to prehistoric times. The Egyptians were especially expert...
16. Baruch (Benedict de Spinoza) Spinoza (JE | WP GWP G) Dutch philospher and Biblical critic; born at Amsterdam Nov. 24, 1632; died at the Hague Feb. 21, 1677. The family name is...
17. Spira (Spiro) >> Elijah Spira JE, Nathan Nata Spira REF:JE (JE | WP GWP G) Family of scholars and rabbis of Speyer, Rhenish Bavaria, with numerous branches in other parts of Germany, and in Bohemia...
18. Spirit (JE | WP GWP G) -- See H865: Holy Spirit
19. Conception of Spirits (JE | WP GWP G) -- See D245: Demonology
20. Joseph Moses Spiro (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian rabbi and Talmudic author; born in Trietsch, Moravia, about 1770; died at Kanitz, Moravia, Aug. 3, 1830. He was educated...

1021 – 1040

1. Abraham (Naphtali Hirsch) ben Moses ha-Levi Spitz (JE | WP GWP G) Moravian rabbi; born about 1628; died at Worms in 1712. In 1663 he was appointed rabbi of a Moravian congregation, and in...
2. Isaac (Eizig) Spitz (JE | WP GWP G) Ab det din in Bunzlau, Bohemia; born 1764; died in Bunzlau May 6, 1842. He wrote "Mat'amme YizChak,"...
3. Meïr b. Johanan Spitz (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi of Oronie, Hungary, in the eighteenth century. He wrote "Katit la-Ma'or," halakic novellæ to some Talmudic...
4. Moritz Spitz (JE | WP GWP G) American rabbi; born at Csaba, Hungary, Oct. 14, 1848. He was educated at the University of Prague, and received his rabbinical...
5. Yom-Tob ben Isaac Spitz (JE | WP GWP G) Teacher of Hebrew and German in the Jewish school of Prague during the first half of the nineteenth century. He was the author...
6. Zebi Hirsch Spitz (JE | WP GWP G) German author and Talmudist of the eighteenth century. He wrote "Dibre Ḥakamim we-Ḥidotam" (Offenbach, 1802),...
7. Benjamin Solomon Spitzer (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian rabbi and champion of Orthodoxy; died in Vienna, at an advanced age, Dec. 5, 1893. He was the son-in-law of R. Moses...
8. Friedrich (Samuel) Spitzer (JE | WP GWP G) French art collector and dealer; born in Presburg 1814; died in Paris 1890. He was the son of the official grave-digger of...
9. Samuel Spitzer (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian rabbi; born in 1839 at Keszthely, where his father was rabbi; died in 1896; a descendant of Yom-Tob Lipmann...
10. Sigmund Spitzer (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian physician; born at Nikolsburg, Moravia, 1813; died at Vienna 1894. Two years after receiving his degree of doctor...
11. Simon Spitzer (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian mathematician; born at Vienna Feb. 3, 1826; died there April 2, 1887. He studied mathematics at the University of...
12. Stacte (JE | WP GWP G) -- See I125: Incense
13. Stade (JE | WP GWP G) City in the province of Hanover, Prussia. Its Jews are first mentioned in a charter granted them in 1349. In 1613 they received...
14. Bernhard Stade (JE | WP GWP G) German Protestant Hebraist and historian of Israel; born in Arnstadt May 11, 1848. He became privat-docent in the University...
15. Joseph Stadthagen (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi, apologist, and author; died at Stadthagen Sept. 5, 1715; son of Samson of Metz, where his grandfather Joseph...
16. Staff (JE | WP GWP G) Herodotus (i. 195) and Strabo (xvi. 746) assert that among the Babylonians every man carried a ring and a staff, which latter...
17. Friedrich Julius Stahl (JE | WP GWP G) German jurist and publicist; born at Munich Jan. 16, 1802; died at Brückenau Aug. 10, 1861. In his eighteenth year he...
18. Wilhelm Stahl (JE | WP GWP G) German economist; born at Munich June 2, 1812; died at Giessen March 19, 1873. While still very young he lost both parents...
19. Standard (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F192: Flag
20. Simon Judah Stanislavski (JE | WP GWP G) Russian author and journalist; born at Nikopol, Yekaterinoslav, Russia, Dec. 18, 1850; son of Moses Stanislavski, a wealthy...

1041 – 1060

1. Joseph Stans ibn Abitur (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A334: Abitur, Joseph ben Isaac ben Stans ibn
2. Star-worship (JE | WP GWP G) This is perhaps the oldest form of idolatry practised by the ancients. According to Wisdom xiii. 2, the observation of the...
3. Starokonstantinov (JE | WP GWP G) City in the government of Volhynia, Russia. Jews seem to have settled in this city soon after it was founded, for during the...
4. Statistics >> Historical Jewish population comparisons JE (JE | WP GWP G) As referring to Jews, statistics deal mainly with populations, their ages and distribution, Migration, Morbidity, Mortality...
5. Stature (JE | WP GWP G) Natural height of man. The stature of the Jews is a racial characteristic which has been thoroughly investigated in various...
6. Statutes (JE | WP GWP G) -- See L106: Law, Civil
7. Hermann Staub (JE | WP GWP G) German jurist; born at Nikolai, Upper Silesia, March 21, 1856. After having studied for some time at the gymnasium at Beuthen...
8. Daniel Stauber (JE | WP GWP G) See Widal, A.
9. Joseph Abraham Steblicki (Seblitzky) JE (JE | WP GWP G) German convert to Judaism; son of a Catholic butcher; born at Nikolai, Upper Silesia, about 1726; died there May 16, 1807...
10. Alfred Steckler (JE | WP GWP G) American jurist; born in New York city Dec. 18, 1856. He was educated in the public schools of New York city and at Columbia...
11. Steiger (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M1022: Music, Synagogal
12. Abraham Stein (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born at Wanfried, Prussia, Jan. 13, 1818; died at Prague Sept. 18, 1884; studied at the Teachers' Seminary...
13. Leopold Stein (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born in Burgpreppach Nov. 3, 1810; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main Dec. 2, 1882. After finishing his earlier education...
14. Ludwig Stein (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian philosopher; born at Erdö-Benye, Hungary, Nov. 12, 1859; educated at the gymnasia of Papa, Saros-Potak, and...
15. Marc Aurel Stein (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian Orientalist and archeologist; born at Budapest in 1862; educated at Vienna, Tübingen, Oxford, and London. In...
16. Philip Stein (JE | WP GWP G) American jurist; born at Steele, Rhenish Prussia, March 12, 1844. He emigrated to the United States in 1854, and was educated...
17. Philipp Stein (JE | WP GWP G) German author; born Dec. 3, 1853, at Königsberg. In 1864 his parents removed with him to Berlin. The death of his father...
18. Stein-am-Anger JE (JE | WP GWP G) Town in Hungary. Although now one of the largest and most important in the country, the Jewish community of Stein-am-Anger...
19. Emil Steinbach (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian statesman; born at Vienna June 11, 1846. After graduating from the Vienna University (LL.D.) he established himself...
20. Josef Steinbach (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian physician; born at Fünfkirchen, Hungary, Jan. 3, 1850. Educated at the gymnasium of his native town and at the...

1061 – 1080

1. Joshua Steinberg JE (JE | WP GWP G) Russian writer and educator; born in Wilna 1839. He was graduated from the rabbinical school of his native city, and then...
2. Samuel Steinberg (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian historian; born at Güssing, Hungary, Dec. 16, 1857. He received his education at Gratz (Ph.D. 1882; LL.D. 1894)...
3. Georg Steindorff (JE | WP GWP G) German Egyptologist; born at Dessau Nov. 12, 1861. He studied Oriental languages at Leipsic and Berlin, was appointed privat-docent...
4. Kilian von Steiner (JE | WP GWP G) German financier; born at Laupheim in 1835; died at Stuttgart Sept. 24, 1903. At first attorney at law, he rose to the leadership...
5. Emanuel Steinfeld (JE | WP GWP G) Australian statesman; born at Neisse, Silesia, in 1827; died at Melbourne May 6, 1893. He attended the College of Brieg, and...
6. Joseph b. Menahem Mendel Steinhardt JE (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born about 1720; died at Fürth in 1776; lived in early manhood at Schwabach in Bavaria. His first incumbency...
7. Mendel Steinhardt (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi and scholar of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; held the rabbinate of Minden. When the consistory of...
8. Solomon Ludwig (Levy) Steinheim JE (JE | WP GWP G) German physician, poet, and philosopher; born Aug. 6, 1789, in Altona (according to some authorities, in Bruchhausen, Westphalia)...
9. Clara Steinitz (JE | WP GWP G) German authoress; born at Kobylin April 16, 1852. She was educated at Halle-on-the-Saale, and in 1873 married Siegfried Heinrich...
10. Wilhelm Steinitz (JE | WP GWP G) Chess champion of the world from 1866 to 1894; born at Prague, Bohemia, May 17, 1836; died, insane, on Wards Island, New York...
11. Moritz Steinschneider JE (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian bibliographer and Orientalist; born at Prossnitz, Moravia, March 30, 1816. He received his early instruction in Hebrew...
12. Hermann (Heyman) Steinthal JE (JE | WP GWP G) German philologist and philosopher; born at Gröbzig, Anhalt, May 16, 1823; died at Berlin March 14, 1899. He studied...
13. Moritz Steinthal (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born at Stendal Oct. 22, 1798; died at Berlin May 8, 1892. He studied at the University of Berlin (M. D...
14. Stephen (JE | WP GWP G) Hellenist Jewish convert to Christianity who, according to tradition, was martyred at Jerusalem Dec. 26, in the year 29 C...
15. Abraham Stern UNR (JE | WP GWP G) Polish inventor and educator; born at Hrubieszow, government of Lublin, 1769; died at Warsaw Feb. 3, 1842. He was the son...
16. Adolf Stern (JE | WP GWP G) German poet and historian of literature; born at Leipsic June 14, 1835. He studied philosophy and history at Leipsic and Jena...
17. Albert Stern (Szterényi) (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian rabbi; born at Nagy-Kanizsa in 1826; died in the insane asylum at Ofen June 16, 1888; educated at Presburg and Ofen...
18. Alfred Stern (JE | WP GWP G) German historian; born Nov. 22, 1846, at Göttingen, where his father, Moriz Abraham Stern (1807-94), was professor of...
19. Basilius Stern (JE | WP GWP G) Russian educator; born at Tarnopol, Galicia, in 1798; died at Odessa March 15, 1853. He received a thorough Talmudic education...
20. David de Stern, (Viscount Stern) (JE | WP GWP G) English banker; born in Frankfort-on-the-Main; died in London Jan. 19, 1877. He was a member of a prominent family descendants...

1081 – 1100

1. Henry Abraham Stern (JE | WP GWP G) Christian missionary; born at Unterreichenbach, Hesse-Cassel, April 11, 1820; died in London May 13, 1885. He obtained his...
2. Baron Hermann de Stern (JE | WP GWP G) English financier; born in Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1815; died in London Oct. 20, 1887. Together with his brother David de...
3. Julius Stern JE (JE | WP GWP G) German musician; born at Breslau Aug. 8, 1820; died at Berlin Feb. 27, 1883. He received his elementary education in music...
4. Karoline Stern (JE | WP GWP G) German prima donna; born at Mayence April 10, 1800; date of death unknown. She studied first under her father, a violinist...
5. Louis Stern (JE | WP GWP G) American merchant and politician; born at Ziegenhain, Hesse-Cassel, Germany, Feb. 22, 1847. Together with his parents he emigrated...
6. Louis William Stern (JE | WP GWP G) German psychologist; born in Berlin April 29, 1871; educated at the Kölnische Gymnasium and at the university of his...
7. Max Emanuel (Mendel Bri Stern) Stern (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian Hebraist; born at Presburg Nov. 9. 1811; died at Vienna Feb. 9, 1873. He studied under his father, who was a teacher...
8. Moriz Abraham Stern (JE | WP GWP G) German mathematician; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main June 29, 1807; died at Bern, Switzerland, Jan. 30, 1894. He studied philology...
9. Samuel Stern (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian physician; born at Halas, Hungary, Sept. 16, 1839; educated at the universities of Prague and Vienna (M. D. 1858)...
10. Simon Adler Stern (JE | WP GWP G) American author, editor, and critic; born in Philadelphia 1838; died May 2, 1904. As a boy he displayed marked talent as a...
11. Victor Stern (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian dramatist; born at Vienna May 5, 1837. After a brief experience in commercial life he turned to literature, receiving...
12. Wilhelm Stern (JE | WP GWP G) German physician and philosophical writer; born at Sandberg, Posen, Aug. 11, 1844; son of a rabbi. From 1860 to 1865 he attended...
13. Sternberg (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M319: Mecklenburg
14. Simon Sterne (JE | WP GWP G) American lawyer; born in Philadelphia July 23, 1839; died in New York Sept. 22, 1901. He was educated in the public schools...
15. Albert Edward Sterner (JE | WP GWP G) English artist; born in London March 8, 1863. He studied at Julien's Académie and the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris...
16. Julius Stettenheim (JE | WP GWP G) German humorist; born at Hamburg Nov. 2, 1831. He at first pursued a commercial career, but went in 1857 to Berlin, where...
17. Stettin (JE | WP GWP G) District of Pomerania, with its capital of the same name. On Dec. 2, 1261, Duke Barnim I. of Pomerania ordered that the Jews...
18. Wilhelm Stiassny (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian architect; born in Vienna Oct. 15, 1842. He was graduated from the Vienna Polytechnic in 1861, and thereupon studied...
19. Heinrich Stieglitz (JE | WP GWP G) German writer; born at Arolsen, Waldeck, Feb. 22, 1801; died at Venice Aug. 23, 1849. He was educated at the universities...
20. Julius Oscar Stieglitz (JE | WP GWP G) American chemist; born at Hoboken, N. J., May 26, 1867; educated in the public schools of New York, the real-gymnasium of...

1101 to 1200

1101 – 1120

1. Ludwig von Stieglitz (JE | WP GWP G) Russian banker; born in Arolsen, Waldeck, Germany, in 1778; died at St. Petersburg March 18, 1843. He emigrated to Russia...
2. Josef Stier (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian rabbi; born at Neustadt-on-the-Waag, Hungary, April 12, 1844. He was educated at the gymnasium and Talmud Torah...
3. Bertalan Stiller (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian physician; born at Miskolez June 23, 1837; studied at Budapest and Vienna (M.D. 1863). In 1864 he was appointed...
4. Benedikt Stilling (JE | WP GWP G) German anatomist and surgeon; born at Kirchhayn, Hesse, Feb. 22, 1810; died at Cassel Jan. 28, 1879. He studied at the University...
5. Jakob Stilling (JE | WP GWP G) German ophthalmologist; born at Cassel Sept. 22, 1842; son of Benedikt Stilling. He studied at the universities of Marburg...
6. Johann Ernst Otto Stobbe (JE | WP GWP G) Christian historian of the Jews; born at Königsberg, East Prussia, June 28, 1831; died at Leipsic May 19, 1887. He studied...
7. Stock Exchange (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F142: Finance
8. Adolf Stöcker (JE | WP GWP G) German Protestant theologian, politician, and anti-Semitic agitator; born at Halberstadt Dec. 11, 1835. He studied at the...
9. Madame Stöckl (JE | WP GWP G) -- See H541: Heinefetter, Klara
10. Barend Joseph Stokvis (JE | WP GWP G) Dutch physician; born at Amsterdam Aug. 16, 1834; died Sept. 28, 1902; son of the physician J. B. Stokvis (1808-87). He studied...
11. Stone and Stone-worship (JE | WP GWP G) Sacred stones are mentioned with great frequency in the Old Testament; they were erected by Jacob at Beth-el (Gen. xxviii...
12. Precious Stones (JE | WP GWP G) -- See G131: Gems
13. Stoning (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C128: Capital Punishment
14. Stork (JE | WP GWP G) Unclean bird (Lev. xi. 19; Deut. xiv. 18). The name (comp. Latin, "pia avis") alludes to the filial piety and devotion attributed...
15. Karl Störk (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian laryngologist; born at Ofen, Hungary, Sept. 17, 1832; died at Vienna Sept. 13, 1899. He studied at the universities...
16. Hermann Leberecht Strack JE (JE | WP GWP G) German Protestant theologian and Orientalist; born at Berlin May 6, 1848. Since 1877 he has been assistant professor of Old...
17. Alexander Strakosch (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian actor and dramatic teacher; born at Sebes, near Eperies, Hungary, Dec. 3, 1845. After a brief trial of commercial...
18. Moritz Strakosch (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian pianist, singer, and impresario; born at Brünn, Austria, 1825; died at Paris Oct. 9, 1887. He made his first...
19. Stranger (JE | WP GWP G) -- See G142: Gentile
20. Strangulation (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C128: Capital Punishment

1121 – 1140

1. Strasburg (JE | WP GWP G) German commercial and fortified city in the province of Alsace-Lorraine. Legend relates that after the destruction of the...
2. Mathias Strashun (JE | WP GWP G) Russian Talmudist and writer; born in Wilna Oct. 1, 1817; died Dec. 13, 1885. He studied under Manasseh of Ilye and Isaac...
3. Samuel b. Joseph Strashun JE (JE | WP GWP G) Russian Talmudist; born in Zaskevich, government of Wilna, 1794; died in Wilna March 21, 1872. He was educated by his father...
4. Straus (JE | WP GWP G) American family, originally from Otterberg, in the Rhenish Palatinate. The earliest member known was one Lazarus, born in...
5. Ludwig Straus (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian violinist; born at Presburg March 28, 1835; studied under Hellmesberger and Joseph Böhm (violin), and under...
6. Adolf Strauss (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian geographer and ethnologist; born at Cece, Hungary, May 15, 1853; educated at Fehervar and Budapest; in the latter...
7. Charles Strauss (JE | WP GWP G) French jurist and politician; born at Gundershoffen, Lower Alsace, Oct. 14, 1834. He was graduated from the law school of...
8. Gustave Louis Maurice Strauss (JE | WP GWP G) British author; born at Trois-Rivières, Canada, 1807; died at Teddington, England, Sept. 2, 1887; educated at Linden...
9. Joseph Strauss (JE | WP GWP G) English rabbi; born in Germany 1848; educated at the Royal Gymnasium at Stuttgart, and at the universities of Würzburg...
10. Paul Strauss (JE | WP GWP G) French senator; born at Rongchamp, Haute-Saône, Sept. 23, 1852. He studied at Paris, and was graduated from the Faculty...
11. Street (JE | WP GWP G) -- See W60: Way
12. Mordecai ben David Strelisker (JE | WP GWP G) Cantor in the synagogue of Mihăilenĭ in Rumania; born in Brody, Galicia, 1809; died Sept., 1875. He spent his youth...
13. Strelitz (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M319: Mecklenburg
14. Salomon Stricker (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian pathologist; born at Waag-Neustadt, Hungary, 1834; died at Vienna April 2, 1898. He received his education at the...
15. Stripes (JE | WP GWP G) the only corporal punishment named in the Pentateuch is that of stripes; and the limitations put upon the judges are that...
16. Eliezer Strischow (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F170: Fischel, Eliezer b. Isaac
17. Strophic Forms in the Old Testament (JE | WP GWP G) the strophe may be defined as a union of several lines into one rhythmic whole. Certain evidence points to the occurrence...
18. Bethel Henry (Baruch Hirsch) Strousberg (JE | WP GWP G) German railway contractor; born at Neidenburg, East Prussia, Nov. 20, 1823; died at Berlin June 1, 1884. After an unsuccessful...
19. Myer (Meyer Strauss) Strouse (JE | WP GWP G) American lawyer and politician; born in Germany Dec. 16, 1825. In 1832 his parents emigrated to the United States and settled...
20. Hermann Struck (JE | WP GWP G) German painter; born at Berlin March 6, 1876. He was originally destined for a rabbinical career, but soon showed marked talent...

1141 – 1160

1. Moses Studenzki (JE | WP GWP G) Polish physician; born in the early part of the nineteenth century at Zbarasz, Galicia, where his father, Aaron Polak, was...
2. Stuhlweissenburg (JE | WP GWP G) Coronation city of the Hungarian kings from the time of St. Stephen to 1527. As early as the fourteenth century it contained...
3. Stuttgart (JE | WP GWP G) German city, and capital of the kingdom of Württemberg. The first historical mention of Stuttgart dates from the administration...
4. Styria (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian province. The first documentary mention of Jews in Styria occurs in connection with the village of Judenburg under...
5. Suasso (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish family, with branches in Holland and England. The following are the more important members (in chronological order):...
6. Subbotniki JE (JE | WP GWP G) One of the Russian rationalistic bodies known under the general name of "Judaizing sects" (see Judaizing Heresy). On the whole...
7. Subpoena (JE | WP GWP G) in English law, a writ which commands witnesses to come into court and to give testimony. Scripture (Lev. v. 1) makes it the...
8. Subscription (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S704: Signature
9. Succoth (JE | WP GWP G) the first stopping-place of the Israelites on their way out of Egypt (Ex. xii. 37, xiii. 20; Num. xxxiii. 5 et seq.); probably...
10. Mordecai Suchostaver (JE | WP GWP G) Galician adherent of the Haskalah, and teacher of philosophy at the rabbinical seminary of Jitomir, Russia; born near Brody...
11. Sufism (JE | WP GWP G) the mystic and ascetic doctrines of the Mohammedan sect of the Sufis, whose name is derived from the Arabic noun "ṣuf"...
12. Suicide (JE | WP GWP G) the influence of race on the frequency of suicide is evident from statistics giving the rates of mortality from this cause...
13. Sukkah (JE | WP GWP G) Treatise in the Mishnah, the Tosefta, and both Talmudim, dealing chiefly with the regulations regarding the Feast of Tabernacles...
14. Feast of Sukkot (JE | WP GWP G) -- See T4: Tabernacles, Feast of
15. Sulamith (JE | WP GWP G) First Jewish monthly magazine in the German language, its subtitle being "Eine Zeitschrift für Beförderung der Kultur...
16. Sara Copia (Coppio) Sullam (JE | WP GWP G) Italian poetess; born in Venice 1592; died there Adar 5 (Feb. 14); 1641; eldest daughter of Simon and Rebecca Coppio. Her...
17. Mordecai Sultansky JE (JE | WP GWP G) Karaite Chakam; born at Lutzk in 1785; died at Eupatoria, in the Crimea, before 1878. He was one of the most prominent...
18. Louis Sulzbacher (JE | WP GWP G) American jurist; born in the Rhenish Palatinate, Germany, May 10, 1842. He was educated in Germany, but later emigrated to...
19. Sulzberger >> Mayer Sulzberger JE (JE | WP GWP G) American family which derived its name from the town of its origin, Sulzbürg, near Ratisbon, in the Bavarian Palatinate...

1161 – 1180

1. Salomon Sulzer JE (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian cantor and composer; born at Hohenems, Tyrol, March 30, 1804; died at Vienna Jan. 17, 1890. His family, which prior...
2. Summons (JE | WP GWP G) Writ, process, or order sent by the court messenger ("shelucha di-rabbanan," or "sheluach bet din"), and commanding...
3. Sumptuary Laws (JE | WP GWP G) Laws that restrict individual expenditures as to food, clothing, etc. In the Mishnah several expensive customs are abolished...
4. Sun (JE | WP GWP G) the conceptions of the Hebrews with regard to physical phenomena were those that obtained among their neighbors, the sun being...
5. Blessing of the sun (JE | WP GWP G) Formula of benediction recited on the day when the sun enters upon a new cycle, which occurs on the first Wednesday of Nisan...
6. Rising and setting of the sun (JE | WP GWP G) in order to fix the beginning and ending of the Sabbath-day and festivals and to determine the precise hour for certain religious...
7. Sunday and Sabbath (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S17: Sabbath and Sunday
8. Zebi Hirsch ben Enoch Sundeles (JE | WP GWP G) Polish scholar of the sixteenth century. He published the following works: "Tefillot mi-Kol ha-Shanah" (Lublin, 1571; Cracow...
9. Sunnah (JE | WP GWP G) -- See H43: Ḥadith
10. Supercommentaries (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1029: Bible Exegesis
11. Superstition (JE | WP GWP G) That views and practises borrowed from paganism and not in accord with the monotheistic belief of Israel—as, for instance...
12. Support (JE | WP GWP G) -- See H986: Husband and Wife
13. Sura (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B51: Babylon
14. Suretyship (JE | WP GWP G) the liability, contract, or undertaking of one who becomes a surety. Reference to a surety occurs only once in the Pentateuch...
15. Surinam (JE | WP GWP G) -- See W137: West Indies
16. Surnames (JE | WP GWP G) -- See N51: Names
17. Susa (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S672: Shushan
18. The History of Susanna (JE | WP GWP G) One of the books of the Protestant Apocrypha; entitled in some manuscripts "The Judgment of Daniel." the Greek text is extant...
19. Alexander Suslin ha-Kohen (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A1155: Alexander Suslin
20. Suspended letters (JE | WP GWP G) There are four suspended or elevated ("teluyah") letters in the Hebrew Bible: (1) the "nun" in , in Judges xviii. 30; (2)...

1181 – 1200

1. Alexander b. Moses Süsskind (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A1156: Alexander Süsskind b. Moses
2. Alexander b. Samuel Süsskind (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A1158: Alexander Süsskind b. Samuel
3. Alexander b. Solomon Wimpfen Süsskind (JE | WP GWP G) Wealthy citizen of Frankfort-on-the-Main, and a resident of Worms in the second half of the thirteenth century; died on the...
4. Süsskind (Suezkint) of Trimberg JE (JE | WP GWP G) German minnesinger; flourished in the second half of the thirteenth century, or, according to Graetz, about 1200. He is called...
5. Abraham ben Joseph Sussmann (JE | WP GWP G) Shocheṭ in London in the first half of the nineteenth century. He wrote a commentary on Yoreh De'ah in four...
6. Eliezer Sussmann (JE | WP GWP G) -- See R339: Roedelsheim, Eleazar Sussmann b. Isaac
7. Ezra ben Jekuthiel Sussmann (JE | WP GWP G) Polish scholar of the eighteenth century. He was the author of "Ḥoshen Yeshu'ot" (Minsk, 1802), a commentary on...
8. Löb ben Moses Sussmann (JE | WP GWP G) Printer of the eighteenth century. In 1750 he established a Hebrew press in the printing-office of Johann Jansen in Amsterdam...
9. Shabbethai ben Eliezer Sussmann (JE | WP GWP G) Scholar of the eighteenth century. He compiled under the title "Me'ir Natib" (Altona, 1793-1802) a general index, in three...
10. Abraham Sutro (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born at Brück, near Erlangen, July 5, 1784; died at Münster Oct. 10, 1869. He studied in the yeshibot...
11. Adolph Heinrich Joseph Sutro (JE | WP GWP G) in 1879 Sutro sold his interest in the company and returned to San Francisco, where, during the Kearny riots and sand-lot...
12. Alfred Sutro JE (JE | WP GWP G) English author and dramatist; born in London about 1870; educated at the City of London School and in Brussels. He began his...
13. Theodore Sutro (JE | WP GWP G) American lawyer; born at Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia, March 14, 1845. When only five years of age he emigrated with his parents...
14. Karl Sváb (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian landed proprietor, and member of the Hungarian Upper House; born at Csongrad in 1829; educated at the real-school...
15. Sviit (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
16. Swallow (JE | WP GWP G) Rendering in the English versions for "deror" (Ps. lxxxiv. 4 [A. V. 3]; Prov. xxvi. 2) and for "sus" or "sis" (Isa. xxxviii...
17. Swan (JE | WP GWP G) the rendering of the Authorized Version for "tinshemet" (Lev. xi. 18; Deut. xiv. 16). The Revised Version, more correctly...
18. Swaying the body (JE | WP GWP G) the habit of swaying the body during study and prayer has been peculiar to the Jews from very early times, and it is one still...
19. Sweden >> History of the Jews in Sweden JE (JE | WP GWP G) Kingdom of northern Europe. The existence of Jews in Sweden in the seventeenth century is vouched for by church records at...
20. Swine (JE | WP GWP G) Rendering in the English versions of the Hebrew "Chazir." the swine is enumerated among the unclean animals (Lev. xi...

1201 to 1300

1201 – 1220

1. Switzerland (JE | WP GWP G) Republic of central Europe. Jews were living at Basel as early as 1213, and ten years later the church chattels were pawned...
2. Sword (JE | WP GWP G) the sword hung at the hip from a sword-belt (I Sam. xvii. 39; xxv. 13; II Sam. xx. 8), probably on the left side, Judges iii...
3. Sycamore (JE | WP GWP G) A medium-sized bushy tree of Syria and Egypt, allied to the common fig. It is often mentioned in the Bible (Amos vii. 14;...
4. Sydney (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of New South Wales, Australia. Its congregation dates from 1817, when about a score of Jews formed a Chebra &#7731...
5. Syene (JE | WP GWP G) Ancient city of Egypt on the Ethiopian frontier in the Thebaid; situated on the eastern bank of the Nile, equidistant from...
6. James Joseph Sylvester (JE | WP GWP G) English mathematician and Savilian professor of geometry in the University of Oxford; born in London Sept. 3, 1814; died there...
7. Symbol (JE | WP GWP G) A visible representation of an object or an idea. In Hebrew the word denoting symbol is "ot," which in early Judaism denoted...
8. Symmachus (JE | WP GWP G) Translator of the Bible into Greek; flourished at the end of the second or the beginning of the third century of the common...
9. Synagogal Music JE (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M1022: Music, Synagogal
10. Die Synagoge (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
11. Das Synagogenblatt (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
12. Synagogue (JE | WP GWP G) the origin of the synagogue, in which the congregation gathered to worship and to receive the religious instruction connected...
13. Synagogue Architecture JE (JE | WP GWP G) Ancient Jewish art is mainly represented by the Temple and its fittings, of which all that is left to contemplate is the lower...
14. The Great Synagogue (JE | WP GWP G) the members of the Great Synagogue, or the Great Assembly, are designated in the Mishnah (Ab. i. 1) as those representatives...
15. Synod (JE | WP GWP G) Representative council, composed of rabbis and laymen, and convened to deliberate upon and determine points of Jewish doctrine...
16. Synod of Four Countries (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C828: Council of Four Lands
17. The Great Synod (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S1214: Synagogue, The Great
18. Synod of Usha EL:JE (JE | WP GWP G) in the middle of the second century C.E. an important synod of rabbinical authorities was convened in the Galilean city of...
19. Syracuse, New York (JE | WP GWP G) City in the state of New York; situated on Lake Onondaga. The first settlement of Jews in Syracuse dates back to 1839, when...
20. Syria >> History of the Jews in Syria JE (JE | WP GWP G) Country in Asiatic Turkey. The terms "Syria" and "Syrians" do not occur in Hebrew; they are found first in the Greek period...

1221 – 1240

1. Maximilian (Meyer-Jehudah) Syrkin (JE | WP GWP G) Russian jurist and editor; born at Ponjewezh, government of Kovno, Oct. 27, 1858; a descendant of the family of Joel Sirkes...
2. Syzygies (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C1: Cabala
3. Max Szabolcsi (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian author; born at Tura Aug. 27, 1857. In his youth he studied Talmud, and for a short time attended the rabbinical...
4. Szanto (Abauj-Szanto) (JE | WP GWP G) Town of Hungary, on the slope of the hills of Tokay. Its Jewish community is one of the oldest in the country. Its age is...
5. Emil Szanto (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian philologist; born at Vienna Nov. 22, 1857; died there Dec. 14, 1904; son of Simon Szanto. He studied at the University...
6. Simon Szanto (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian journalist; born at Nagy-Kanizsa, Hungary, Aug. 23, 1819; died in Vienna Jan. 17, 1882. He was a son of Rabbi Me&#239...
7. Szegedin (JE | WP GWP G) Town of central Hungary. Jews are mentioned there as tax-farmers during the Turkish rule in Hungary (1552). When the Turks...
8. Philip Szenes (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian painter; born at Török Szent Miklos in 1864. After studying at the technical school at Budapest, he devoted...
9. Emerich Szerencsés (Fortunatus) (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian deputy treasurer; died Aug., 1526. As a married man he had had illicit intercourse with a Christian woman, and when...
10. Moriz Szilasi (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian philologist; born 1854; died at Klausenburg, Hungary, May 15, 1905. He studied philology at Budapest and Leipsic...
11. Adolf Szili (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian ophthalmologist; born at Budapest in 1848; educated at Vienna (M.D. 1872). In 1874 he went to Budapest, where he...
12. Benjamin Szold (JE | WP GWP G) American rabbi and scholar; a leader of the conservative wing of the Reform movement in America; born at Nemiskert, county...
13. Henrietta Szold (JE | WP GWP G) Eldest daughter of Benjamin Szold; born at Baltimore, Md. Since 1893 she has been secretary of the literary committee of the...

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