貿

See also: 贸

貿 U+8CBF, 貿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CBF ← 貾 [U+8CBE] CJK Unified Ideographs 賀 → [U+8CC0]

Translingual

Han character

貿 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹月山金 (HHBUC), four-corner 7780₆, composition ⿱⿰𠂎刀貝)

Derived characters

• 橮, 𰹦, 𲅸, 鄮

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1207, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36721
• Dae Jaweon: page 1670, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3634, character 10
• Unihan data for U+8CBF

Chinese

trad.		貿
simp.		贸
2nd round simp.		⿱𭕄贝
alternative forms		佨 (pa̍uh) Hokkien

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
卯	*mruːʔ
昴	*mruːʔ
泖	*mruːʔ
茆	*mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
奅	*m̥ʰruːs
窌	*m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
聊	*m·rɯːw
貿	*mlus
鄮	*mlus
劉	*m·ru
留	*m·ru, *m·rus
蒥	*m·ru
鶹	*m·ru
騮	*m·ru
榴	*m·ru
瑠	*ru
瘤	*m·ru, *m·rus
遛	*m·ru
鎦	*m·ru
飀	*m·ru
鰡	*m·ru
嵧	*m·ru
餾	*m·ru, *m·rus
瀏	*m·ru, *m·ruʔ
懰	*m·ru, *m·ruʔ
柳	*m·ruʔ
珋	*m·ruʔ
罶	*m·ruʔ
嬼	*m·ruʔ, *m·rus
溜	*m·rus
霤	*m·rus
廇	*m·rus
塯	*m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlus) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mào (mao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mau⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): meu / méu
• Eastern Min (BUC): mâiu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bō͘ / mō͘ / biō / bāu / ba̍uh / pa̍uh

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mou³ / mong³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶meu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mào
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mào
    • Wade–Giles: mao⁴
    • Yale: màu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw
    • Palladius: мао (mao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mau⁶
    • Yale: mauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: meo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐu̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: meu / méu
    • Hakka Romanization System: meu / meu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: meu⁴ / meu³
    • Sinological IPA: /meu̯⁵⁵/, /meu̯³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mâiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑu²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘
    • Tâi-lô: bōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bo
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bɔ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘
    • Tâi-lô: mōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mo
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biō
    • Tâi-lô: biō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bioi
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bio⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bāu
    • Tâi-lô: bāu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bau
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bau²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bau³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍uh
    • Tâi-lô: ba̍uh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bauh
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bauʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bauʔ¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pa̍uh
    • Tâi-lô: pa̍uh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pauh
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pauʔ²⁴/

Note:

• bō͘/mō͘/biō - literary;
• bāu/ba̍uh/pa̍uh - vernacular (“to undertake”).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: mou³ / mong³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mòu / mòng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou²¹³/, /moŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶meu
    • MiniDict: meu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³meu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɤ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: muwH

Rime
Character	貿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫候切
Baxter	muwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/məuH/
Pan Wuyun	/məuH/
Shao Rongfen	/məuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwH/
Li Rong	/muH/
Wang Li	/məuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mru-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mlus/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mào
Middle Chinese	‹ muwH ›
Old Chinese	/*mru-s/
English	barter (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貿
Reading #	1/1
No.	8879
Phonetic component	卯
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	茂
Old Chinese	/*mlus/

Definitions

貿

1. commerce; trade; barter
2. mixed
3. rashly
4. (Hokkien) to undertake (a job, project, etc.)

Compounds

• 三角貿易／三角贸易
• 世貿中心／世贸中心
• 保護貿易／保护贸易
• 出口貿易／出口贸易
• 國營貿易／国营贸易
• 國貿／国贸 (guómào)
• 國貿局／国贸局
• 國際貿易／国际贸易 (guójì màoyì)
• 外貿／外贸 (wàimào)
• 外貿協會／外贸协会
• 多邊貿易／多边贸易
• 對外貿易／对外贸易 (duìwài màoyì)
• 對等貿易／对等贸易
• 抱布貿絲／抱布贸丝
• 沿岸貿易／沿岸贸易
• 無形貿易／无形贸易
• 直接貿易／直接贸易 (zhíjiē màoyì)
• 經貿／经贸 (jīngmào)
• 貿人／贸人 (Hokkien)
• 貿名／贸名
• 貿尾／贸尾 (Hokkien)
• 貿工／贸工 (Hokkien)
• 貿工課／贸工课 (Hokkien)
• 貿易／贸易 (màoyì)
• 貿易保護／贸易保护
• 貿易區／贸易区 (màoyìqū)
• 貿易協定／贸易协定
• 貿易商／贸易商
• 貿易差額／贸易差额
• 貿易收支／贸易收支
• 貿易網路／贸易网路
• 貿易赤字／贸易赤字 (màoyì chìzì)
• 貿易逆差／贸易逆差
• 貿易順差／贸易顺差 (màoyì shùnchā)
• 貿易額／贸易额
• 貿易風／贸易风 (màoyìfēng)
• 貿然／贸然 (màorán)
• 貿穡／贸穑 (Hokkien)
• 貿穡路／贸穑路 (Hokkien)
• 貿花／贸花 (Hokkien)
• 貿貨底／贸货底 (Hokkien)
• 貿貿／贸贸
• 貿頭／贸头 (Hokkien)
• 貿首／贸首
• 轉口貿易／转口贸易
• 進口貿易／进口贸易
• 遷貿／迁贸
• 間接貿易／间接贸易 (jiànjiē màoyì)
• 雙邊貿易／双边贸易

 

References

• “Entry #9069”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

貿

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: む (mu)、も (mo)
• Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
• Kun: あきなう (akinau, 貿う)^{←あきなふ (akinafu, 貿ふ, historical)}、かえる (kaeru, 貿える)

Compounds

• 貿(ぼう)易(えき)摩(ま)擦(さつ) (bōeki masatsu)

Korean

Hanja

貿 (eumhun 무역할 무 (muyeokhal mu))

1. hanja form^? of 무 (“trade, barter”)
2. hanja form^? of 무 (“mixed”)
3. hanja form^? of 무 (“rashly”)

Vietnamese

Han character

貿: Hán Nôm readings: mậu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.