कठिनता

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कठिनता (kaṭhinatā). By surface analysis, कठिन (kaṭhin) +‎ -ता (-tā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kə.ʈʰɪn.t̪ɑː/, [kɐ.ʈʰɪ̃n̪.t̪äː]

Noun

कठिनता • (kaṭhintā) f

1. difficulty

Declension

Declension of कठिनता (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कठिनता kaṭhintā	कठिनताएँ kaṭhintāẽ
oblique	कठिनता kaṭhintā	कठिनताओं kaṭhintāõ
vocative	कठिनता kaṭhintā	कठिनताओ kaṭhintāo

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কঠিনতা (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬞᬶᬦᬢᬵ (Balinese script)
• কঠিনতা (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰙𑰰𑰡𑰝𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀞𑀺𑀦𑀢𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ကဌိနတာ (Burmese script)
• કઠિનતા (Gujarati script)
• ਕਠਿਨਤਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌠𑌿𑌨𑌤𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦜꦶꦤꦠꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂘𑂱𑂢𑂞𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಕಠಿನತಾ (Kannada script)
• កឋិនតា (Khmer script)
• ກຐິນຕາ (Lao script)
• കഠിനതാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠᡱᡳᠨᠠᢠᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘙𑘱𑘡𑘝𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᢍᠢᠨᠠᢐᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑦹𑧒𑧁𑦽𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐛𑐶𑐣𑐟𑐵 (Newa script)
• କଠିନତା (Odia script)
• ꢒꢝꢶꢥꢡꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆜𑆴𑆤𑆠𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖙𑖰𑖡𑖝𑖯 (Siddham script)
• කඨිනතා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩧𑩑𑩯𑩫𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚕𑚮𑚝𑚙𑚭 (Takri script)
• கடி²நதா (Tamil script)
• కఠినతా (Telugu script)
• กฐินตา (Thai script)
• ཀ་ཋི་ན་ཏཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒚𑒱𑒢𑒞𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨕𑨁𑨝𑨙𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From कठिन (kaṭhina) +‎ -ता (-tā).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ.ʈʰi.nɐ.tɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkɐ.ʈʰi.n̪ɐ.t̪ɑː/

Noun

कठिनता • (kaṭhinatā) stem, f

1. hardness, firmness, harshness, severity
2. difficulty, obscurity

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of कठिनता (kaṭhinatā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कठिनता kaṭhinatā	कठिनते kaṭhinate	कठिनताः kaṭhinatāḥ
Vocative	कठिनते kaṭhinate	कठिनते kaṭhinate	कठिनताः kaṭhinatāḥ
Accusative	कठिनताम् kaṭhinatām	कठिनते kaṭhinate	कठिनताः kaṭhinatāḥ
Instrumental	कठिनतया / कठिनता¹ kaṭhinatayā / kaṭhinatā¹	कठिनताभ्याम् kaṭhinatābhyām	कठिनताभिः kaṭhinatābhiḥ
Dative	कठिनतायै kaṭhinatāyai	कठिनताभ्याम् kaṭhinatābhyām	कठिनताभ्यः kaṭhinatābhyaḥ
Ablative	कठिनतायाः / कठिनतायै² kaṭhinatāyāḥ / kaṭhinatāyai²	कठिनताभ्याम् kaṭhinatābhyām	कठिनताभ्यः kaṭhinatābhyaḥ
Genitive	कठिनतायाः / कठिनतायै² kaṭhinatāyāḥ / kaṭhinatāyai²	कठिनतयोः kaṭhinatayoḥ	कठिनतानाम् kaṭhinatānām
Locative	कठिनतायाम् kaṭhinatāyām	कठिनतयोः kaṭhinatayoḥ	कठिनतासु kaṭhinatāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Synonyms

• कठिनत्व (kaṭhinatva)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “कठिनता”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 244.