勢

See also: 势

勢	U+52E2, 勢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E2

← 勡
[U+52E1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

勣 →
[U+52E3]

Translingual

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 149, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2422
Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 377, character 3
Unihan data for U+52E2

Chinese

trad.		勢
simp.		势
alternative forms		埶㔟𫝑／势

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (埶) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
褹	ŋr'eːds, ŋeds
勢	*hŋjeds
藝	*ŋeds
囈	*ŋeds
埶	*ŋeds
蓺	*ŋeds
槸	*ŋeds
爇	*ŋʷjed
褻	*sŋed
暬	*sŋed
熱	*ŋjed
槷	*ŋeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hŋjeds) : phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 力 (“power”).

Etymology

Nominalisation of 設 (OC *ŋ̊et, “to set up”), i.e. “that which is set up” (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare the following quote from Han Feizi:

吾所為言勢者，言人之所設也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

吾所为言势者，言人之所设也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE

Wú suǒ wéi yán shì zhě, yán rén zhī suǒ shè yě. [Pinyin]

The setup (*ŋ̊et-s) of which I am speaking refers to what is set up (*ŋ̊et) by men.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sai³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): sai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ / se

(Hailu, HRS): shi^ˇ / she^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): si⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): sié
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): se⁴ / si⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sè / sì

(Teochew, Peng'im): si³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵sy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴
  - Yale: shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sai³
  - Yale: sai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: sei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: sai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ / se
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii / se
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴ / se⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/, /se⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shi^ˇ / she^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃi¹¹/, /ʃe¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sié
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɛ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: se⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬe⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: si⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi⁴²/

Note:

se4 - literary;
si4 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè
  - Tâi-lô: sè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sex
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /se²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /se¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /se⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
  - Tâi-lô: sì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: six
  - IPA (Taipei): /si¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /si²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /si⁴¹/

Note:

sè - literary;
sì - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: si³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵sy
  - MiniDict: sy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²sr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩³⁴/

Middle Chinese: syejH

Rime
Character	勢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舒制切
Baxter	syejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiaj^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛi^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ̊et-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋjeds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ syej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊et-s/
English	circumstances, setting
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勢
Reading #	1/1
No.	15089
Phonetic component	埶
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	丗
Old Chinese	/*hŋjeds/

Definitions

勢

power; force; momentum; influence; authority
outward appearance of something
posture; position; pose; bearing
situation; circumstances; conditions
tendency; trend
male genitals
去勢／去势 ― qùshì ― to castrate
(set theory, of a set) cardinality
(physics, mathematics) potential
(Eastern Min, Southern Min) Suffix for locality noun.
(Cantonese) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
勢估唔到／势估唔到 [Cantonese] ― sai³ gu² m⁴ dou³ [Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

勢

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: せ (se)
Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: ぜい (zei)
Kun: いきおい (ikioi, 勢い, Jōyō)^{←いきほひ (ikifofi, 勢ひ, historical)}、はずみ (hazumi, 勢み)^{←はづみ (fadumi, 勢み, historical)}
Nanori: きおい (kioi)、ちから (chikara)、ひろむ (hiromu)

Compounds

趨(すう)勢(せい) (sūsei)
衰(すい)勢(せい) (suisei)
姿(し)勢(せい) (shisei)
形(けい)勢(せい) (keisei)
村(そん)勢(せい) (sonsei)
町(ちょう)勢(せい) (chōsei)
区(く)勢(せい) (kusei)
市(し)勢(せい) (shisei)
水(すい)勢(せい) (suisei)
手(て)勢(ぜい) (tezei)
中(ちゅう)勢(せい) (chūsei)
病(びょう)勢(せい) (byōsei)
落(らく)勢(せい) (rakusei)
騰(とう)勢(せい) (tōsei)
勢(せい)力(りょく)伯(はく)仲(ちゅう) (seiryokuhakuchū)
党(とう)勢(せい) (tōsei)
破(は)竹(ちく)の勢(いきお)い (hachiku no ikioi)
海(かい)外(がい)勢(ぜい) (kaigaizei)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
勢
せい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Derived from Middle Chinese 勢 (MC syejH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せー [séꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞ː]

Noun

勢(せい) • (sei) ^{←せい (sei)^?}

force

Suffix

勢(せい) • (-sei) ^{←せい (-sei)^?}

group of people with a common trait
海(かい)外(がい)勢(ぜい) ― kaigai-zei ― overseas fanbase

C(シー)D(ディー)勢(ぜい) ― shīdī-zei ― the type of person who prefers to purchase CDs

音(おと)ゲーガチ勢(ぜい) ― otogē gachizei ― hardcore rhythm gamer

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

勢 (eumhun 형세 세 (hyeongse se))

hanja form^? of 세 (“force”)

Vietnamese

Han character

勢: Hán Nôm readings: thế, thể

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Related characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Suffix

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

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