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富

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 冨
富 U+5BCC, 富
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BCC
← 寋
[U+5BCB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 寍 →
[U+5BCD]

Translingual

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Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

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Stroke order (Japan)
12 strokes

富 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十一口田 (JMRW), four-corner 30606, composition ⿱宀畐)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7230
  • Dae Jaweon: page 571, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 942, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5BCC

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 富
2nd round simp. 𫲷
alternative forms 冨
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 富
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
富 *pɯɡs
輻 *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副 *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔 *pʰɯɡs
蔔 *bɯːɡ
匐 *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼 *prɯɡ
偪 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢 *prɯɡ
堛 *pʰrɯɡ
愊 *pʰrɯɡ
踾 *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊 *pʰrɯɡ
稫 *pʰrɯɡ
畐 *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈 *pʰrɯɡ
腷 *brɯɡ
鶝 *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福 *pɯɡ
蝠 *pɯɡ
葍 *pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pɯɡs) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology

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Bodman (1980) compares it to Tibetan ཕྱུག (phyug, “rich; wealthy”), ཕྱུགས (phyugs, “all beasts that can be domesticated or subjugated by man; cattle”), but the vowels do not match with Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).

Sagart (1999) relates it to 寶 (OC *puːʔ), but see there for more. In later work, Sagart (2011b, 2017d) connects it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pʷak (“pig”), comparing the semantic development from “pig” to “rich” to Latin pecunia (“money”), which is derived from Latin pecu (“cattle; domestic animals”), and tentatively reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C.pək (“pig”). However, the Tibeto-Burman word for “pig” is usually compared to 豝 (OC *praː, “sow”).

Cognate with 福 (OC *pɯɡ, “blessing”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hó - colloquial;
  • bó - literary.
Note:
  • hù - literary;
  • pù - vernacular.
Rime
Character 富
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方副切
Baxter pjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puwH/
Li
Rong 		/piuH/
Wang
Li 		/pĭəuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 富
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pək-s/
English rich; wealth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 富
Reading # 1/1
No. 3372
Phonetic
component 		畐
Rime
group 		代
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		富
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯɡs/

Definitions

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富

  1. abundant; ample
  2. rich; wealthy
  3. wealth
  4. to make rich; to make wealthy
  5. a surname: Fu
  6. (～縣) Fu County, Fuxian (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “rich”): 貧／贫 (pín)

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → English: Fu

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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富

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. wealth
  2. enrich
  3. abundant

Readings

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  • Go-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ふう (fū, Jōyō †)
  • Kun: とむ (tomu, 富む, Jōyō)、とみ (tomi, 富, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
富
とみ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
 富 on Japanese Wikipedia

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 富(と)む (tomu, “to be rich”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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富(とみ) • (tomi) 

  1. wealth; fortune

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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富 (eumhun 부유할 부 (buyuhal bu))

  1. hanja form? of 부 (“wealth”)

Compounds

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Old Japanese

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 富 (MC pjuwH).

Phonogram

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富 (po2)

  1. Denotes phonographic syllable po2.

Further reading

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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富: Hán Việt readings: phú[1][2][3]
富: Nôm readings: phú[1][3][4][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of phú (“wealth”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ^ Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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