山林

Chinese

		mountain; hill	woods; forest
simp. and trad. (山林)		山	林

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shānlín

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ lam⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân-lìm / sân-nà
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): san-lîm / soaⁿ-nâ / soaⁿ-lîm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ lim⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shānlín
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄌㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shanlín
    • Wade–Giles: shan¹-lin²
    • Yale: shān-lín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanlin
    • Palladius: шаньлинь (šanʹlinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ lin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saan¹ lam⁴
    • Yale: sāan làhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ lam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: san¹ lem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ lɐm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-lìm / sân-nà
    • Hakka Romanization System: san^ˊ lim^ˇ / san^ˊ na^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ lim² / san¹ na²
    • Sinological IPA: /san²⁴ lim¹¹/, /san²⁴ na¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-lîm
    • Tâi-lô: san-lîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sanliim
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /san⁴⁴⁻²² lim¹³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /san³³ lim²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /san⁴⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-nâ
    • Tâi-lô: suann-nâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svoanaa
    • IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ nã²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ nã²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-lîm
    • Tâi-lô: suann-lîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svoaliim
    • IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: suan¹ lim⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ lîm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ lim⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: srean lim

Rime
Character	山	林
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	所閒切	力尋切
Baxter	srean	lim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/	/liɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/	/lim/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/	/ljem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/	/lim/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/	/liəm/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/	/lĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂăn/	/li̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	lín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan1	lam4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar  [r]əm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sreːn  ɡ·rɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	山	林
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	lín
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛn ›	‹ lim ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋrar/	/*[r]əm/
English	mountain, hill	forest
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	山	林
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11052	8165
Phonetic component	山	林
Rime group	元	侵
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	山	林
Old Chinese	/*sreːn/	/*ɡ·rɯm/

Noun

山林

1. mountains and forests
2. mountain forest
3. (by extension) secluded place; seclusion

Japanese

Kanji in this term
山	林
さん Grade: 1	りん Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さんりん [sàńríń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [sã̠n̺ɾʲĩɴ]

Noun

山(さん)林(りん) • (sanrin) 

1. mountains and forests
2. mountain forest