嵐

See also: 岚

嵐 U+5D50, 嵐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5D50 ← 嵏 [U+5D4F] CJK Unified Ideographs 嵑 → [U+5D51]

嵐 U+F921, 嵐 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F921 ← 鸞 [U+F920] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 濫 → [U+F922]

Translingual

Han character

嵐 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 山竹弓戈 (UHNI), four-corner 2221₇, composition ⿱山風)

Derived characters

• 𣛄, 𨅏, 𫙹

Related characters

• 岚 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 316, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8289
• Dae Jaweon: page 617, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 788, character 9
• Unihan data for U+5D50

• Unihan data for U+F921

Usage notes

Note the difference in meaning in Chinese ("mountain mist") and Japanese ("storm").

Chinese

trad.		嵐
simp.		岚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (凡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嵐	*b·ruːm
葻	*b·uːm
釩	*pʰomʔ
汎	*pʰoms, *bum
凡	*bom
帆	*bom, *boms
颿	*bom, *boms
軓	*bomʔ
梵	*bloms, *bum
芃	*boːŋ, *bum
風	*plum, *plums
飌	*plum
楓	*plum
猦	*plum
偑	*plum
檒	*plum
瘋	*plum
諷	*plums
堸	*blum
渢	*blum
鳳	*bums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *b·ruːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + abbreviated phonetic 葻 (OC *b·uːm)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lán (lan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laam⁴
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): lam²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nam⁵ / lam⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶le

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lán
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lán
    • Wade–Giles: lan²
    • Yale: lán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
    • Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /län³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laam⁴
    • Yale: làahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lam⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: lam²
    • Sinological IPA: /lam¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm
    • Tâi-lô: lâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: nam⁵ / lam⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nâm / lâm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nam⁵⁵/, /lam⁵⁵/

Note:

• nam5 - Shantou;
• lam5 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶le
    • MiniDict: le^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³le
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: lom

Rime
Character	嵐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧含切
Baxter	lom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ləm/
Shao Rongfen	/lɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləm/
Li Rong	/lᴀm/
Wang Li	/lɒm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laam4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*b·ruːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嵐
Reading #	1/1
No.	2910
Phonetic component	凡
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	婪
Old Chinese	/*b·ruːm/

Definitions

嵐

1. (literary) mountain mist
2. Used in place names.

Compounds

• 山嵐 / 山岚 (shānlán)
• 岢嵐 / 岢岚 (Kělán)
• 嵐城 / 岚城 (Lánchéng)
• 嵐天 / 岚天 (Lántiān)
• 嵐氣 / 岚气
• 嵐翠鮮明 / 岚翠鲜明
• 左嵐 / 左岚 (Zuǒlán)
• 煙嵐 / 烟岚
• 煙嵐雲岫 / 烟岚云岫

References

• “嵐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

嵐

(Jōyō kanji)

1. fresh energy from the mountains
2. storm, tempest

Readings

• Go-on: らん (ran)^{←らん (ran, historical)←らむ (ramu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: らん (ran)^{←らん (ran, historical)←らむ (ramu, ancient)}
• Kun: あらし (arashi, 嵐, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 嵐(らん)気(き) (ranki, “mountain mist, mountain air”)
• 嵐(らん)山(ざん) (Ranzan, “Storm Mountain”)
• 嵐(らん)翠(すい) (ransui)
• 煙(えん)嵐(らん), 烟(えん)嵐(らん) (enran)
• 香(こう)嵐(らん)渓(けい) (Kōrankei)
• 秋(しゅう)嵐(らん) (shūran, “autumn storm”)
• 春(しゅん)嵐(らん) (shunran, “spring storm”)
• 翠(すい)嵐(らん) (suiran, “green storm”)
• 晴(せい)嵐(らん) (seiran, “mountain vapor”)
• 青(せい)嵐(らん) (seiran, “blue storm”)
• 夕(せき)嵐(らん) (sekiran, “evening storm”)
• 毘(ひ)嵐(らん) (hiran)
• 五十(いが)嵐(らし) (Igarashi, surname)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
嵐
あらし Grade: S
kun'yomi

/arasi/ → /araɕi/

From Old Japanese.

Derivation theories include:

• Compound of 荒ら (ara, “desolate, sparse”, archaic) +‎ 風 (shi, “wind”, obsolete).
• From 荒らし (arashi, “destroyer”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 荒らす (arasu, “destroy, ruin”).
• Apophonic form of 颪 (oroshi, “wind blowing down from the mountains”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あらし [áꜜràshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [a̠ɾa̠ɕi]

Noun

嵐(あらし) • (arashi) 

1. a storm, tempest:
   1. a windstorm
      • 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 5, poem 249; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 22)

        吹(ふ)くからに秋(あき)の草(くさ)木(き)のしをるればむべ山(やま)風(かぜ)を嵐(あらし)といふらむ

        fuku kara ni aki no kusaki no shiorureba mube yama-kaze o arashi to iuran

        The plants of autumn droop and wither at its touch―that explains, of course, why a wind from the mountains has come to be called a storm.

      Synonyms: 嵐の風 (arashi no kaze), 暴風 (bōfū)

   2. a rainstorm

      嵐(あらし)の神(かみ)、ケラノス

      Arashi no Kami, Keranosu

      Keranos, God of Storms

      Synonym: 暴風雨 (bōfūu)

   3. a magnetic storm

      Synonyms: 磁気嵐 (jiki arashi), 地磁気嵐 (chijiki arashi)

2. (figurative) a difficulty, discord, strife

   激(はげ)しい感(かん)情(じょう)の嵐(あらし)

   hageshii kanjō no arashi

   an uproar of emotion

3. (archaic, obsolete) Short for 嵐の日 (arashi no hi): the first day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar

Derived terms

• 嵐(アラシ)草(グサ) (arashigusa)
• 嵐(あらし)子(こ) (arashiko)
• 嵐(あらし)の風(かぜ) (arashi no kaze)
• 嵐(あらし)の大(たい)洋(よう) (Arashi no Taiyō, “Oceanus Procellarum”)
• 嵐(あらし)の日(ひ) (arashi no hi)
• 嵐(あらし)山(やま) (Arashiyama)
• 青(あお)嵐(あらし) (aoarashi, “wind blowing over fresh verdure”)
• 朝(あさ)嵐(あらし) (asārashi)
• 芋(いも)嵐(あらし) (imoarashi)
• 宇(う)宙(ちゅう)線(せん)嵐(あらし) (uchūsen arashi, “cosmic ray storm”)
• 大(おお)嵐(あらし) (ōarashi, “raging storm”)
• 毛(け)嵐(あらし) (kearashi)
• 砂(さ)塵(じん)嵐(あらし) (sajin arashi, “duststorm, sandstorm”)
• 小(さ)夜(よ)嵐(あらし) (sayo arashi, “strong nighttime wind”)
• 地(じ)嵐(あらし) (jiarashi)
• 磁(じ)気(き)嵐(あらし) (jiki arashi, “magnetic storm”)
• 砂(すな)嵐(あらし) (sunārashi, “sandstorm”)
• 太(たい)陽(よう)嵐(あらし) (taiyō arashi, “solar storm”)
• 地(ち)磁(じ)気(き)嵐(あらし) (chijiki arashi, “magnetic storm”)
• 初(はつ)嵐(あらし) (hatsuarashi)
• 花(はな)嵐(あらし) (hanārashi)
• 鼻(はな)嵐(あらし) (hanārashi)
• 春(はる)嵐(あらし) (haruarashi)
• 肱(ひじ)川(かわ)嵐(あらし) (Hijikawa Arashi)
• 山(やま)嵐(あらし) (yamārashi, “mountain storm; judo throwing technique”)
• 夕(ゆう)嵐(あらし) (yūarashi)
• 雪(ゆき)嵐(あらし) (yukiarashi)
• 夜(よ)嵐(あらし) (yoarashi, “night storm”)
• 四(よ)方(も)の嵐(あらし) (yomo no arashi)
• 夜(よ)半(わ)の嵐(あらし) (yowa no arashi)

Idioms

• 嵐(あらし)の前(まえ)の静(しず)けさ (arashi no mae no shizukesa, “calm before the storm”)
• 嵐(あらし)を呼(よ)ぶ (arashi o yobu)
• コップの中(なか)の嵐(あらし) (koppu no naka no arashi, “storm in a teacup → tempest in a teapot”)

Proverbs

• 花(はな)に嵐(あらし) (hana ni arashi)

Proper noun

嵐(あらし) • (Arashi) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
嵐
らん Grade: S
on'yomi

/ram/ → /ramʉ/ → /ran/

From Middle Chinese 嵐 (MC lom).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾã̠ɴ]

Proper noun

嵐(らん) • (Ran) 

1. a female given name

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 嵐 (MC lom). Recorded as Middle Korean 남 (nam) (Yale: nam) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

嵐 (eumhun 남기(嵐氣) 람, word-initial (South Korea) 남기(嵐氣) 남)

1. hanja form^? of 람, 남 (“mountain mist”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
• Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 11. [3]