慫

See also: 怂

慫 U+616B, 慫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-616B ← 慪 [U+616A] CJK Unified Ideographs 慬 → [U+616C]

Translingual

Han character

慫 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹人心 (HOP), four-corner 2833₈, composition ⿱從心)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11127
• Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2343, character 10
• Unihan data for U+616B

Chinese

trad.		慫
simp.		怂

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (从) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
摐	*sʰroːŋ, *sʰloŋ
鏦	*sʰroːŋ, *sʰloŋ
豵	*ʔsloːŋ, *ʔsloŋ
嵸	*ʔsloːŋ, *ʔsloːŋʔ
蓯	*ʔsloːŋʔ
蹤	*ʔsloŋ
縱	*ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs
樅	*ʔsloŋ, *sʰloŋ
磫	*ʔsloŋ
熧	*ʔsloŋ
瘲	*ʔsloŋs
暰	*sʰloŋ
瑽	*sʰloŋ
從	*zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs
从	*zloŋ
慫	*sloŋʔ
聳	*sloŋʔ
傱	*sloŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sloŋʔ) : phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

Probably related to 兇 / 凶 (xiōng, “fear”) (Schuessler, 2007, p. 480).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sǒng (song³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sung²
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): song²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sǒng
    • Wade–Giles: sung³
    • Yale: sǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soong
    • Palladius: сун (sun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sung²
    • Yale: súng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: sung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: song²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /soŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: sjowngX

Rime
Character	慫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息拱切
Baxter	sjowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/sioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/sioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suawŋX/
Li Rong	/sioŋX/
Wang Li	/sĭwoŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sung2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sloŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慫
Reading #	1/1
No.	1860
Phonetic component	从
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	悚
Old Chinese	/*sloŋʔ/

Definitions

慫

1. (obsolete) to be afraid; to be frightened; to be alarmed
2. Used in 慫恿／怂恿 (sǒngyǒng, “to instigate; to incite; to provoke”).

Compounds

• 慫恿 / 怂恿 (sǒngyǒng)
• 慫悀 / 怂悀
• 慫惥 / 怂惥
• 慫慂 / 怂慂 (sǒngyǒng)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sóng (song²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sóng
    • Wade–Giles: sung²
    • Yale: súng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sorng
    • Palladius: сун (sun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ³⁵/

Definitions

慫

1. Alternative form of 㞞 / 𪨊 (sóng, “weak; useless”)

   你慫了！／你怂了！  ―  Nǐ sóng le!  ―  You are a chicken!

Japanese

Kanji

慫

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): しょう (shō)
• Kun: すすめる (susumeru)

Korean

Hanja

慫 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

慫: Hán Nôm readings: túng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.