梗

梗 U+6897, 梗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6897 ← 梖 [U+6896] CJK Unified Ideographs 梘 → [U+6898]

Translingual

Han character

梗 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 木一中大 (DMLK), four-corner 4194₆, composition ⿰木更)

Derived characters

• 𠼰

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 529, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14849
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1210, character 12
• Unihan data for U+6897

Chinese

simp. and trad.		梗
alternative forms		莖／茎 Cantonese vernacular 框 Cantonese vernacular

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
更	*kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳	*kraːŋ
埂	*kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭	*kraːŋ
稉	*kraːŋ
梗	*kraːŋʔ
哽	*kraːŋʔ
綆	*kraːŋʔ
鯁	*kraːŋʔ
挭	*kraːŋʔ
骾	*kraːŋʔ
郠	*kraːŋʔ
硬	*ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕	*ŋɡraːŋs
丙	*pqraŋʔ
炳	*praŋʔ
邴	*praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲	*praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪	*praŋʔ
蛃	*praŋʔ
昺	*praŋʔ
昞	*praŋʔ
窉	*praŋʔ
柄	*praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵	*praŋs
寎	*praŋs
病	*braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraːŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 更 (OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs) – a type of plant.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): gěng (geng³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄥˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gen³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gang² / kwaang² / gwaang²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gang²

• Gan (Wiktionary): gien³ / guang³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): koáng / káng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): guang³ / gang³

• Jin (Wiktionary): geng²
• Northern Min (KCR): gǎing / guǎng
• Eastern Min (BUC): gēng / guāng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kéng / kńg / kēng / kíⁿ / kéⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gên²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵kan / ³kan / ³kuan
  • (Jinhua): ³kuan
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gen³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gěng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gěng
    • Wade–Giles: kêng³
    • Yale: gěng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geeng
    • Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (梗兒 / 梗儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gěngr
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˇㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gěngr
    • Wade–Giles: kêng³-ʼrh
    • Yale: gěngr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geengl
    • Palladius: гэнр (gɛnr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ̃ɻ²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: gen³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gang² / kwaang² / gwaang²
    • Yale: gáng / kwáang / gwáang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gang² / kwaang² / gwaang²
    • Guangdong Romanization: geng² / kuang² / guang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ³⁵/, /kʷʰaːŋ³⁵/, /kʷaːŋ³⁵/

Note:

• gang2 - literary;
• kwaang2, gwaang2 - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).

• (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  • Wiktionary: gang²
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: gien³ / guang³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɛn²¹³/, /kuaŋ²¹³/

Note:

• gien3 - literary;
• guang3 - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koáng / káng
    • Hakka Romanization System: guang^ˋ / gang^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: guang³ / gang³
    • Sinological IPA: /koaŋ³¹/, /kaŋ³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: guang³ / gang³
    • Sinological IPA: /kuaŋ³¹/, /kaŋ³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: geng²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kəŋ⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǎing / guǎng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaiŋ²¹/, /kuaŋ²¹/

Note:

• gǎing - literary;
• guǎng - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gēng / guāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ³³/, /kuaŋ³³/

Note:

• gēng - literary;
• guāng - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng
    • Tâi-lô: kíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keang
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kńg
    • Tâi-lô: kńg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kngr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kēng
    • Tâi-lô: kīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kíⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kínn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kĩ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kĩ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kénn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvea
    • IPA (Taipei): /kẽ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kẽ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ̃⁵³/

Note:

• kéng/kńg/kēng - literary;
• kíⁿ/kéⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gên²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kéⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kẽ⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵kan
    • MiniDict: kan^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kã³⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ³kan
    • MiniDict: kan^上
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kã⁵¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /kã³²⁵/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ³kuan
    • MiniDict: kuan^上
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /kuæ̃⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /kuã³²⁵/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ³kuan
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /kuã⁵³⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: gen³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaengX

Rime
Character	梗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古杏切
Baxter	kaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋX/
Li Rong	/kɐŋX/
Wang Li	/kɐŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɐŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gěng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	梗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gěng
Middle Chinese	‹ kængX ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraŋʔ/
English	suffering
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	梗
Reading #	1/1
No.	871
Phonetic component	丙
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	梗
Old Chinese	/*kraːŋʔ/

Definitions

梗

1. ^† Alternative name for 刺榆 (“Hemiptelea davidii”).
2. ^† (of plants) to prick
3. ^† spiny plant
4. stalk (pedicel, peduncle, or petiole)

   青梗菜  ―  qīnggěngcài  ―  green-stalk pak choi

   他愛吃菜葉兒，不愛吃梗兒。 [MSC, trad.]
   他爱吃菜叶儿，不爱吃梗儿。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā ài chī cài yèr, bù ài chī gěngr. [Pinyin]

   He loves to eat the leaves of vegetables, not the stalks.

   佢中意食葉，唔中意食梗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   佢中意食叶，唔中意食梗。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   keoi⁵ zung¹ ji³ sik⁶ jip⁶, m⁴ zung¹ ji³ sik⁶ kwaang². [Jyutping]

   He likes to eat the leaves, not the stalks.

5. broad outline; general idea; gist
6. (alt. form 哏) punchline; (humorous) reference; meme

   「廣東人吃福建人」是什麼梗？ [MSC, trad.]
   「广东人吃福建人」是什么梗？ [MSC, simp.]

   “guǎngdōngrén chī fújiànrén” shì shénme gěng? [Pinyin]

   What's the joke behind "Cantonese people eat Fujianese people?"

7. to block; to obstruct; to hinder
8. ^† to resist; to defy
9. to straighten up; to stiffen
10. upright; straightforward; upstanding
11. (Cantonese) stiff; tight

    坐咗成日，坐到條腰都梗嗮。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    坐咗成日，坐到条腰都梗嗮。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    co⁵ zo² seng⁴ jat⁶, co⁵ dou³ tiu⁴ jiu¹ dou¹ gang² saai³. [Jyutping]

    My lower back's all stiff after sitting all day.

12. (Cantonese) fixed; immovable

    梗窗 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  gang² coeng¹ [Jyutping]  ―  fixed window

13. (Cantonese) certainly; definitely; of course

    你咁叻，梗會搵到工嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你咁叻，梗会揾到工嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    nei⁵ gam³ lek¹, gang² wui⁵ wan² dou^3-2 gung¹ ge³. [Jyutping]

    You're so smart; you'll definitely be able to find a job.

14. (Ningbonese) Classifier for long, slender objects, including ropes, fish, feathers, sticks. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
15. ^† strong; violent
16. ^† illness; disaster
17. a surname

Compounds

• 作梗 (zuògěng)
• 土偶桃梗
• 土梗
• 強梗 / 强梗
• 從中作梗 / 从中作梗
• 心肌梗塞 (xīnjī gěngsè)
• 悍梗
• 斷梗流萍 / 断梗流萍
• 斷梗飄萍 / 断梗飘萍
• 斷梗飄蓬 / 断梗飘蓬
• 斷梗飛蓬 / 断梗飞蓬
• 桔梗 (jiégěng)
• 梗塞
• 梗概 (gěnggài)
• 梗泛
• 梗直 (gěngzhí)
• 梗阻 (gěngzǔ)
• 橫梗 / 横梗
• 浮梗
• 浮萍斷梗 / 浮萍断梗
• 浮萍浪梗
• 老梗
• 花梗 (huāgěng)
• 萍梗
• 萍蹤梗跡 / 萍踪梗迹
• 阻梗
• 頑梗 / 顽梗 (wángěng)
• 飄蓬斷梗 / 飘蓬断梗

Japanese

Kanji

梗

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: やまにれ (yamanire)

Compounds

• 桔(き)梗(きょう) (kikyō)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 梗 (MC kaengX).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᇰ〯 (Yale: kǒyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 겨ᇰ〯 (kyěng) (Yale: kyěng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [경]

Hanja

Wikisource

梗 (eumhun 줄기 경 (julgi gyeong))

1. hanja form^? of 경 (“stem; stalk”)

Compounds

• 경색 (梗塞, gyeongsaek, “blockage; (medicine) infarction”)
• 뇌경색 (腦梗塞, noegyeongsaek, “(neurology, diseases) ischaemic stroke”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

梗: Hán Nôm readings: ngành, cánh, cạnh, cành, chành, ngạnh, gánh, ngáng, ngánh, nhành, nhánh, gảnh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.