殼

See also: 壳 and 殻

殼 U+6BBC, 殼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BBC ← 殻 [U+6BBB] CJK Unified Ideographs 殽 → [U+6BBD]

Translingual

Traditional	殼
Shinjitai	殻
Simplified	壳

Han character

殼 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土弓竹弓水 (GNHNE), four-corner 4724₇, composition ⿰壳殳 or ⿰⿱⿳士冖一几殳)

Derived characters

• 𢡱, 𪆪

Related characters

• 殻 (Variant form used in Japan, see also its derived characters)

Descendants

• 壳 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 586, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16646
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2160, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6BBC

Chinese

trad.		殼
simp.		壳*
alternative forms		殻 㱿 愨／悫

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (殻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
彀	*koːɡs
鷇	*kʰoːɡs
瞉	*kʰoːɡs
豰	*pɢroːɡ, *qʰoːɡ
瑴	*kroːɡ, *koːɡ
愨	*kʰroːɡ
殼	*kʰroːɡ
觳	*kʰroːɡ, *ɡoːɡ
嗀	*qʰroːɡ, *qʰoːɡ
穀	*kloːɡ
糓	*kloːɡ
轂	*kloːɡ
榖	*kloːɡ
瀔	*koːɡ
縠	*ɡloːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰroːɡ) : semantic 几 + phonetic 𣪊 (). Originally written as 㱿 (què), see there for more.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/r-kawk ~ *s/r-kwak (“outer covering, skin, bark, rind”). Cognate with 革 (OC *krɯːɡ, “leather”), Burmese ခေါက် (hkauk, “tree bark”), Tibetan སྐོག་པ་ (skog pa, “shell, peel”) (STEDT, Hill (2019)).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ké, qiào, què (ke², qiao⁴, que⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˊ, ㄑㄧㄠˋ, ㄑㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hok³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hok⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hok

  (Hailu, HRS): hog

• Eastern Min (BUC): káe̤k
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khak / khok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kag⁴

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷khoq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ko⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ké
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ké
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo²
    • Yale: ké
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ker
    • Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (殼兒 / 壳儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kér
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kér
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo²-ʼrh
    • Yale: kér
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ker'l
    • Palladius: кэр (kɛr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤɻ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiào
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciào
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiao⁴
    • Yale: chyàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiaw
    • Palladius: цяо (cjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: què
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
    • Wade–Giles: chʻüeh⁴
    • Yale: chywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
    • Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

Note:

• ké - colloquial;
• qiào - literary;
• ​què - literary (rare in Mainland).

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hok³
    • Yale: hok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: hog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːk̚³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hok⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔk̚²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hok
    • Hakka Romanization System: hog^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /hok̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: hog
    • Sinological IPA: /hok⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: káe̤k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔyʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak / khok
    • Tâi-lô: khak / khok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qag, qog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰak̚³²/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰak̚⁵/, /kʰɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰak̚³²/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰak̚³²/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰak̚³²/, /kʰɔk̚³²/

Note: khak - vernacular (“shell”), khok - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰak̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁷khoq
    • MiniDict: khoh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴khoq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰoʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kʰoʔ⁴³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ko⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰo²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 殼
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰɤ³⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiɑu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/kʰɤ²⁴/ /t͡ɕʰiau⁵³/
	Tianjin	/kʰɤ⁴⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiɑu⁵³/
	Jinan	/kʰə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kʰə⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰɤ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kʰɤ²¹/
	Xining	/kʰu⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kʰə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kʰə⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/kʰɤ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/kʰuo²¹³/
	Chengdu	/kʰo³¹/
	Guiyang	/kʰo²¹/
	Kunming	/kʰo³¹/
	Nanjing	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kʰɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰaʔ²/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/kʰaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/kʰo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰɔʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/kʰo⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰo²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/kʰo²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/hok̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/hok̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɔk̚³/
	Nanning	/hɔk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/hɔk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰak̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰɔyʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰu²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xak̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khaewk

Rime
Character	殼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦角切
Baxter	khaewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɔk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	que
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤrok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	殼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	què
Middle Chinese	‹ khæwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁrok/
English	hollow shell, hollow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	殼
Reading #	1/1
No.	7419
Phonetic component	殻
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	㱿
Old Chinese	/*kʰroːɡ/
Notes	右下原作一，此後起通用字， 見論衡

Definitions

殼

1. shell; husk; hull; skin; casing

   貝殼／贝壳  ―  bèiké  ―  shell; conch

   蛋殼／蛋壳  ―  dànké  ―  eggshell

   地殼／地壳  ―  dìqiào (Mainland), dìké (Taiwan)  ―  the Earth's crust

2. (Cantonese) ladle

   飯殼／饭壳 [Cantonese]  ―  faan⁶ hok³ [Jyutping]  ―  rice scoop

   一殼眼淚／一壳眼泪 [Cantonese]  ―  jat¹ hok³ ngaan⁵ leoi⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  grief (literally, “a ladle of tears from the eyes”)

Compounds

• (shell):

• 介殼 / 介壳 (jièqiào)
• 介殼蟲 / 介壳虫
• 地殼 / 地壳 (dìqiào)
• 地殼變動 / 地壳变动
• 外殼 / 外壳 (wàiké)
• 小鬼仔殼 / 小鬼仔壳 (siáu-kúi-á-khak) (Min Nan)
• 彈殼 / 弹壳 (dànké)
• 怯殼兒 / 怯壳儿
• 板殼蟲 / 板壳虫
• 枳殼 / 枳壳 (zhǐqiào)
• 殼子 / 壳子
• 殼果 / 壳果
• 沙殼子 / 沙壳子
• 無殼蝸牛 / 无壳蜗牛 (wúké-wōniú)
• 瓜子殼 / 瓜子壳
• 甲殼 / 甲壳 (jiǎqiào)
• 硬殼 / 硬壳 (yìngké)
• 老梆殼 / 老梆壳 (lǎobāngké)
• 耳殼 / 耳壳
• 脫殼 / 脱壳
• 脫殼金蟬 / 脱壳金蝉
• 腦殼 / 脑壳 (nǎoké)
• 船殼 / 船壳
• 菜殼子 / 菜壳子
• 薄殼 / 薄壳 (bóké)
• 蚌殼 / 蚌壳 (bàngké)
• 蛋殼 / 蛋壳 (dànké)
• 蜆殼 / 蚬壳
• 蟹殼臉 / 蟹壳脸
• 貝殼 / 贝壳 (bèiké)
• 貝殼杉 / 贝壳杉
• 軀殼 / 躯壳 (qūqiào)
• 軟殼雞蛋 / 软壳鸡蛋
• 金蟬脫殼 / 金蝉脱壳
• 錶殼兒 / 表壳儿
• 鐵殼船 / 铁壳船
• 頭殼 / 头壳 (tóuké)
• 頭髮殼子 / 头发壳子
• 駁殼槍 / 驳壳枪 (bókéqiāng)
• 鬼摸腦殼 / 鬼摸脑壳
• 龜殼花 / 龟壳花 (guīkéhuā)

• (ladle):

• 湯殼 / 汤壳 (Cantonese)
• 炒殼 / 炒壳 (Cantonese)
• 飯殼 / 饭壳 (faan⁶ hok³) (Cantonese)

Japanese

Shinjitai	殻
Kyūjitai	殼

Kanji

殼

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 殻)

1. husk; shell

Readings

• Go-on: こく (koku)
• Kan-on: かく (kaku)
• Kun: から (kara, 殼)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 殼 (MC khaewk).

Hanja

Wikisource

殼 (eumhun 껍질 각 (kkeopjil gak))

1. hanja form^? of 각 (“shell; husk; hull; skin; casing”)

Compounds

• 각피 (殼皮, gakpi)
• 갑각 (甲殼, gapgak, “shell; carapace; crust”)
• 갑각류 (甲殼類, gapgangnyu, “crustacean”)
• 귀각 (龜殼, gwigak)
• 지각 (地殼, jigak)
• 패각 (貝殼, paegak)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

殼: Hán Nôm readings: xác, nôi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.