練

See also: 练, 煉, and 鍊

練 U+7DF4, 練 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DF4 ← 緳 [U+7DF3] CJK Unified Ideographs 緵 → [U+7DF5]

練 U+F996, 練 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F996 ← 秊 [U+F995] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 聯 → [U+F997]

練 U+FA57, 練 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA57 ← 節 [U+FA56] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 縉 → [U+FA58]

練 U+FAB0, 練 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB0 ← 絛 [U+FAAF] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 缾 → [U+FAB1]

Translingual

Traditional	練
Simplified	练
Japanese	練
Korean	練

Alternative forms

• Note the difference in the right-side component between traditional Chinese (柬) and Japanese shinjitai (東).
• Three CJK compatibility ideographs exists for this code point. Among them, U+FA57 corresponds to the Japanese kyūjitai form of this character.

Han character

練 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+9 in Chinese and Korean, 糸+8 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 女火木田火 (VFDWF), four-corner 2599₆, composition ⿰糹柬 or ⿰糹東)

Derived characters

• 𭌈, 𬚎

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 932, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27631
• Dae Jaweon: page 1370, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3424, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7DF4

• Unihan data for U+F996

• Unihan data for U+FA57

• Unihan data for U+FAB0

Chinese

trad.		練
simp.		练

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 練
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
讕	*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	*kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liàn (lian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): lien

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liên⁴

• Northern Min (KCR): līng
• Eastern Min (BUC): liêng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): liān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liang⁷ / liêng⁷

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶li

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liàn
    • Wade–Giles: lien⁴
    • Yale: lyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liann
    • Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lin⁶
    • Yale: lihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lien
    • Hakka Romanization System: lien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯en⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liên⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /liɛn⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: līng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃iɛŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liān
    • Tâi-lô: liān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lien
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɛn³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: liang⁷ / liêng⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liāng / liēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaŋ¹¹/, /lieŋ¹¹/

Note:

• liang7 - Shantou;
• liêng7 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶li
    • MiniDict: li^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: lenH

Rime
Character	練
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎甸切
Baxter	lenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lenH/
Pan Wuyun	/lenH/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛnH/
Li Rong	/lenH/
Wang Li	/lienH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lienH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤen-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·reːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	練
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liàn
Middle Chinese	‹ lenH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁen-s/
English	sized white silk
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	練
Reading #	1/1
No.	6141
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	練
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·reːns/

Definitions

練

1. (literary) white silk
2. (literary) to boil and scour raw silk
3. to practice; to drill; to exercise; to train

   練鋼琴／练钢琴  ―  liàn gāngqín  ―  to practise the piano

   練腹肌／练腹肌  ―  liàn fùjī  ―  to train one's rectus abdominis

4. experienced; familiar

   老練／老练  ―  lǎoliàn  ―  experienced; seasoned

5. a surname

Compounds

• 人情練達 / 人情练达 (rénqíngliàndá)
• 修練 / 修练 (xiūliàn)
• 光說不練 / 光说不练
• 凝練 / 凝练 (níngliàn)
• 勤練 / 勤练
• 匹練 / 匹练
• 團練 / 团练 (tuánliàn)
• 基本教練 / 基本教练
• 大練 / 大练 (Dàliàn)
• 寒地訓練 / 寒地训练
• 幹練 / 干练 (gànliàn)
• 彩練 / 彩练 (cǎiliàn)
• 拉練 / 拉练 (lāliàn)
• 捵練 / 捵练
• 排練 / 排练 (páiliàn)
• 操練 / 操练 (cāoliàn)
• 教練 / 教练 (jiàoliàn)
• 教練團 / 教练团
• 敏練慈愷 / 敏练慈恺
• 教練機 / 教练机 (jiàoliànjī)
• 教練車 / 教练车
• 新生訓練 / 新生训练
• 晨練 / 晨练 (chénliàn)
• 歷練 / 历练 (lìliàn)
• 歷練之才 / 历练之才
• 歷練老成 / 历练老成
• 洗練 / 洗练 (xǐliàn)
• 演練 / 演练 (yǎnliàn)
• 熟練 / 熟练 (shúliàn)
• 疋練 / 疋练
• 白練 / 白练 (báiliàn)
• 白衣教練 / 白衣教练
• 百鍛千練 / 百锻千练
• 研京練都 / 研京练都
• 磨練 / 磨练 (móliàn)
• 積理練識 / 积理练识
• 簡練 / 简练 (jiǎnliàn)
• 精明幹練 / 精明干练
• 精練 / 精练 (jīngliàn)
• 素練 / 素练
• 組練 / 组练
• 絢練 / 绚练
• 經練 / 经练
• 練兵 / 练兵 (liànbīng)
• 練兵積粟 / 练兵积粟
• 練功 / 练功 (liàngōng)
• 練唱 / 练唱
• 練土 / 练土
• 練字 / 练字 (liànzì)
• 練家子 / 练家子
• 練實 / 练实
• 練就 / 练就 (liànjiù)
• 練師 / 练师
• 練手 / 练手 (liànshǒu)
• 練把式 / 练把式
• 練武 / 练武 (liànwǔ)
• 練球 / 练球 (liànqiú)
• 練祭 / 练祭
• 編練 / 编练
• 練習 / 练习 (liànxí)
• 練習曲 / 练习曲 (liànxíqǔ)
• 練習生 / 练习生 (liànxíshēng)
• 練習簿 / 练习簿 (liànxíbù)
• 練習紙 / 练习纸
• 練聲曲 / 练声曲
• 練裳 / 练裳
• 練要 / 练要
• 練覈 / 练覈
• 練達 / 练达 (liàndá)
• 練達老成 / 练达老成
• 練馬師 / 练马师 (liànmǎshī)
• 總教練 / 总教练
• 老成練達 / 老成练达
• 老練 / 老练 (lǎoliàn)
• 職前訓練 / 职前训练
• 職業訓練 / 职业训练
• 苦練 / 苦练 (kǔliàn)
• 訓練 / 训练 (xùnliàn)
• 訓練有素 / 训练有素 (xùnliànyǒusù)
• 詳練 / 详练
• 諳練 / 谙练 (ānliàn)
• 赤練蛇 / 赤练蛇
• 通才練識 / 通才练识
• 集兵練卒 / 集兵练卒 (jí bīng liàn zú)
• 馬后練服 / 马后练服

Japanese

Shinjitai	練
Kyūjitai	練 練 or 練+︁?
	練󠄀 練+󠄀? (Adobe-Japan1)
	練󠄃 練+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

練

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 練)

1. to practice, to train, to drill
2. to polish, to gloss
3. to refine

Readings

• Go-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)
• Kun: ねる (neru, 練る, Jōyō)、ねり (neri, 練り)、ねりぎぬ (neriginu, 練)
• Nanori: ねり (neri)、よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 訓(くん)練(れん) (kunren, “training; drill; practice”)
• 試(し)練(れん) (shiren, “test; trial; ordeal”)
• 修(しゅう)練(れん) (shūren, “training; drill; practice”)
• 熟(じゅく)練(れん) (jukuren, “skill; proficiency”)
• 洗(せん)練(れん) (senren, “refinement; polish”)
• 未(み)練(れん) (miren, “lingering attachment; regret”)
• 練(れん)習(しゅう) (renshū, “practice; exercise”)

Korean

Hanja

練 (eumhun 익힐 련 (ikhil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 익힐 연 (ikhil yeon))

1. hanja form^? of 련/연 (“practice”)

Compounds

• 훈련 (訓練, hullyeon, “training”)

Vietnamese

Han character

練: Hán Nôm readings: luyện, lén, lẹn, rén, rịn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.