致

See also: 緻

致 U+81F4, 致 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81F4 ← 至 [U+81F3] CJK Unified Ideographs 臵 → [U+81F5]

Translingual

Han character

致 (Kangxi radical 133, 至+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一土人大 (MGOK), four-corner 1814₀, composition ⿰至攵 or ⿰至夂(T))

Derived characters

• 𠊷 𡟹 㨖 㴛 㮹 緻 䞃 𡍶 𦳙 䦯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1001, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30149
• Dae Jaweon: page 1458, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2815, character 6
• Unihan data for U+81F4

Chinese

trad.		致
simp. #		致
alternative forms		𦤺 𦤶 𦤹 𦥀

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 致
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (至) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
致	*tiɡs
輊	*tiɡs
駤	*tiɡs
跮	*tʰiɡs, *tʰiɡ
荎	*di, *diːɡ
緻	*diɡs
至	*tjiɡs
鵄	*tʰji
胵	*tʰji
痓	*tʰjiɡs
咥	*hriɡs, *tiːɡ, *diːɡ, *tʰiɡ
窒	*tiːɡ, *tiɡ
蛭	*tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ
垤	*diːɡ
耋	*diːɡ
姪	*diːɡ, *diɡ
絰	*diːɡ
恎	*diːɡ
挃	*tiɡ
庢	*tiɡ
銍	*tiɡ, *tjiɡ
秷	*tiɡ
螲	*tiɡ
侄	*diɡ, *tjiɡ
桎	*tjiɡ
郅	*tjiɡ
晊	*tjiɡ
室	*hliɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tiɡs) : phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs) + semantic 攵.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi³

  (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): zi³

• Gan (Wiktionary): zi⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chṳ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zi⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): zi³
• Northern Min (KCR): di̿
• Eastern Min (BUC): té
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tì

  (Teochew, Peng'im): di³

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵tsy / ⁵tsyu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zr⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴
    • Yale: jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zi⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zi³
    • Yale: ji
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³³/
  • (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
    • Jyutping++: zi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃi²⁴/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: zii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zi³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: di̿
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: té
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛi²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì
    • Tâi-lô: tì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ti²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: di³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsy
    • MiniDict: tsy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩³⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsyu
    • MiniDict: tsyu^去
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sz̩ʷ⁵²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zr⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: trijH

Rime
Character	致
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟利切
Baxter	trijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjiH/
Li Rong	/ȶjiH/
Wang Li	/ȶiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>i[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tiɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	致
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ trijH ›
Old Chinese	/*t<r>i[t]-s/
English	(cause to arrive): transmit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	致
Reading #	1/1
No.	17336
Phonetic component	至
Rime group	至
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	致
Old Chinese	/*tiɡs/

Definitions

致

1. to send; to deliver; to present

   致辭／致辞  ―  zhìcí  ―  to deliver a speech

2. to express; to convey

   致以  ―  zhìyǐ  ―  to express; to extend

3. to cause; to incur

   致癌  ―  zhì'ái  ―  to cause cancer

4. to devote; to exhaust; to use up (one's energy, efforts, etc.)

   致力  ―  zhìlì  ―  to concentrate on; to devote oneself to

5. to achieve; to attain

   致富  ―  zhìfù  ―  to get rich; to achieve wealth

   致知  ―  zhìzhī  ―  to attain knowledge

6. engaging style; manner or style that engages attention or arouses interest

   有致  ―  yǒuzhì  ―  interesting; appealing

   興致／兴致  ―  xìngzhì  ―  interest; mood to enjoy

7. to result in; so that

   以致  ―  yǐzhì  ―  resulting in; so that

8. (Hokkien) to contract (an illness)

   致著病 [Hokkien, trad.]
   致着病 [Hokkien, simp.]

   tì tio̍h pīⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   to contract an illness

9. a surname: Zhi

Synonyms

• (to send): 送達／送达 (sòngdá)
• (to cause):

edit

• 使到 (shǐdào)
• 使得 (shǐde)
• 導致 / 导致 (dǎozhì)
• 招致 (zhāozhì)
• 致使 (zhìshǐ)
• 誘 / 诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
• 誘發 / 诱发 (yòufā)
• 造成 (zàochéng)
• 釀成 / 酿成 (niàngchéng) (a negative outcome)
• 闖 / 闯 (a negative outcome)

• (to express):

edit

• 代表 (dàibiǎo)
• 參加 / 参加 (cānjiā)
• 展現 / 展现 (zhǎnxiàn)
• 提出 (tíchū)
• 提起 (tíqǐ)
• 發揮 / 发挥 (fāhuī)
• 發表 / 发表 (fābiǎo)
• 致以 (zhìyǐ)
• 表現 / 表现 (biǎoxiàn)
• 表示 (biǎoshì)
• 表述 (biǎoshù)
• 表達 / 表达 (biǎodá)
• 達 / 达 (literary, or in compounds)

Compounds

• 一致 (yīzhì)
• 一致性 (yīzhìxìng)
• 一致百慮 / 一致百虑
• 不一致 (bùyīzhì)
• 不致 (bùzhì)
• 不致於 / 不致于 (bùzhìyú)
• 二致
• 以冰致蠅 / 以冰致蝇
• 以致 (yǐzhì)
• 以貍致鼠 / 以狸致鼠
• 休致 (xiūzhì)
• 任重致遠 / 任重致远
• 佳致
• 做張做致 / 做张做致
• 凹凸有致 (āotūyǒuzhì)
• 別致 / 别致 (biézhì)
• 別致有趣 / 别致有趣
• 功致
• 同致
• 和氣致祥 / 和气致祥
• 圖財致命 / 图财致命
• 坐致
• 大致 (dàzhì)
• 大致上 (dàzhìshang)
• 大致說來 / 大致说来
• 學以致用 / 学以致用 (xuéyǐzhìyòng)
• 專心致志 / 专心致志 (zhuānxīnzhìzhì)
• 導致 / 导致 (dǎozhì)
• 工致 (gōngzhì)
• 引致 (yǐnzhì)
• 張致 / 张致
• 形容盡致 / 形容尽致
• 思致
• 情致 (qíngzhì)
• 懸車致仕 / 悬车致仕
• 招致 (zhāozhì)
• 推心致腹
• 文致
• 景致 (jǐngzhì)
• 曲致
• 林下風致 / 林下风致
• 格物致知
• 格致 (gézhì)
• 極致 / 极致 (jízhì)
• 標標致致 / 标标致致
• 標致 / 标致 (biāozhì)
• 殊塗一致 / 殊涂一致
• 殊塗同致 / 殊涂同致
• 殊方同致
• 殊致
• 殊致同歸 / 殊致同归
• 殺敵致果 / 杀敌致果
• 毫無二致 / 毫无二致 (háowú'èrzhì)
• 沒張沒致 / 没张没致
• 淋漓盡致 / 淋漓尽致 (línlíjìnzhì)
• 澄澹精致
• 獲致 / 获致 (huòzhì)
• 理致 (lǐzhì)
• 生芻致祭 / 生刍致祭
• 百慮一致 / 百虑一致
• 直致
• 筆致 / 笔致 (bǐzhì)
• 經世致用 / 经世致用
• 縹致 / 缥致
• 羅致 / 罗致 (luózhì)
• 臨危致命 / 临危致命
• 致亂 / 致乱 (zhìluàn)
• 致仕 (zhìshì)
• 致使 (zhìshǐ)
• 致使動詞 / 致使动词
• 致函 (zhìhán)
• 致力 (zhìlì)
• 致勝 / 致胜
• 致命 (zhìmìng)
• 致命傷 / 致命伤 (zhìmìngshāng)
• 致哀 (zhì'āi)
• 致密 (zhìmì)
• 致富 (zhìfù)
• 致師 / 致师
• 致志 (zhìzhì)
• 致思
• 致意 (zhìyì)
• 致政
• 致敬 (zhìjìng)
• 致書 / 致书 (zhìshū)
• 致歉 (zhìqiàn)
• 致死 (zhìsǐ)
• 致死量 (zhìsǐliàng)
• 致獲 / 致获
• 致用
• 致疑
• 致病 (zhìbìng)
• 致知 (zhìzhī)
• 致祭 (zhìjì)
• 致詞 / 致词 (zhìcí)
• 致詳 / 致详
• 致語 / 致语
• 致謝 / 致谢 (zhìxiè)
• 致賀 / 致贺
• 致贈 / 致赠
• 致身
• 致辭 / 致辞 (zhìcí)
• 致送 (zhìsòng)
• 致遠 / 致远
• 致遠任重 / 致远任重
• 致電 / 致电 (zhìdiàn)
• 興致 / 兴致 (xìngzhì)
• 興致勃勃 / 兴致勃勃 (xìngzhìbóbó)
• 興致勃發 / 兴致勃发
• 興致盎然 / 兴致盎然
• 興致索然 / 兴致索然
• 興雲致雨 / 兴云致雨
• 蒼蠅附驥尾而致千里 / 苍蝇附骥尾而致千里 (cāngying fù jì wěi ér zhì qiānlǐ)
• 蠅附驥尾而致千里 / 蝇附骥尾而致千里 (yíng fù jì wěi ér zhì qiānlǐ)
• 裂致
• 見危致命 / 见危致命
• 言行一致 (yánxíng yīzhì)
• 談吐有致 / 谈吐有致
• 豪情逸致
• 負乘致寇 / 负乘致寇
• 負重致遠 / 负重致远
• 辭致 / 辞致
• 過失致死 / 过失致死
• 鉤深致遠 / 钩深致远
• 銜哀致誠 / 衔哀致诚
• 錯落有致 / 错落有致 (cuòluòyǒuzhì)
• 閒情逸致 / 闲情逸致 (xiánqíngyìzhì)
• 附致語 / 附致语
• 雅人深致
• 雅致 (yǎzhì)
• 面致
• 韻致 / 韵致 (yùnzhì)
• 風流別致 / 风流别致
• 風流標致 / 风流标致
• 風致 / 风致
• 高情遠致 / 高情远致
• 高致

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 致 – see 緻 (“delicate; fine”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 緻).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

• “致”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

致

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to do

Readings

• Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
• Kun: いたす (itasu, 致す, Jōyō)
• Nanori: とも (tomo)、むね (mune)、ゆき (yuki)

Korean

Hanja

致 (eumhun 이를 치 (ireul chi))

1. hanja form^? of 치 (“to reach; to result in”)

Compounds

• 일치 (一致, ilchi, “agreement”)

Vietnamese

Han character

致: Hán Nôm readings: trí

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.