-ák

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ak" and -iak

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ aːk]

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-ák m anim or m inan (noun-forming suffix)

1. grader (noun suffix denoting a grade)

   ‎osmý + ‎-ák → ‎osmák

2. from nouns forms nouns that indicate the referent is characterized by or relating to the base noun

   ‎kříž + ‎-ák → ‎křižák

3. from adjectives forms nouns that indicate the referent has the property denoted by the base adjective

   ‎chytrý + ‎-ák → ‎chytrák

Declension

inanimate declension:

Declension of -ák (velar masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ák	-áky
genitive	-áku	-áků
dative	-áku	-ákům
accusative	-ák	-áky
vocative	-áku	-áky
locative	-áku	-ácích
instrumental	-ákem	-áky

animate declension:

Declension of -ák (velar masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ák	-áci
genitive	-áka	-áků
dative	-ákovi, -áku	-ákům
accusative	-áka	-áky
vocative	-áku	-áci
locative	-ákovi, -áku	-ácích
instrumental	-ákem	-áky

Derived terms

Czech terms suffixed with -ák

Related terms

suffix denoting grade

• prvňák
• druhák
• třeťák
• čtvrťák
• páťák
• šesťák
• sedmák
• osmák
• deváťák

suffix

• autobusák
• bubák
• cloumák
• čurák
• hasák
• honák
• chytrák
• kejhák
• koumák
• mazák
• mindrák
• modrák
• rošťák
• silák
• svěrák
• tahák
• trhák
• tulák
• uherák
• uhlák
• vazák

Further reading

• -ák in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-akъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [aːk]

Suffix

-ák m

1. an agentive suffix

   ‎spievať + ‎-ák → ‎spevák

   ‎vŕtať + ‎-ák → ‎vrták

   ‎dívať sa + ‎-ák → ‎divák

2. forms the name of the bearer of a property from an adjective

   ‎chudý + ‎-ák → ‎chudák

   a suffix denoting that someone is pertaining to a grade or a class, -grader

   ‎štvrtý + ‎-ák → ‎štvrták

   forms a colloquial or slang term from an adjective

   ‎bombardovacie lietadlo + ‎-ák → ‎bombarďák

3. forms a demonym, mainly in case of regions and nations

   ‎Liptov + ‎-ák → ‎Lipták

   ‎Slovan + ‎-ák → ‎Slovák

4. an expressive, depreciative suffix

   ‎chlap + ‎-ák → ‎chlapák

5. an archaic suffix to create augmentative or depreciative forms of given names

   ‎Ján + ‎-ák → ‎Janák

6. a fictive suffix to adapt male forms of some borrowings

   ‎bosorka + ‎-ák → ‎bosorák

Declension

• Declension in case of an inanimate noun according to the declension pattern dub:

Declension of -ák

	singular	plural
nominative	-ák	-áky
genitive	-áka	-ákov
dative	-áku	-ákom
accusative	-ák	-áky
locative	-áku	-ákoch
instrumental	-ákom	-ákmi

• Declension in case of an animate noun according to the declension pattern chlap:

Declension of -ák

	singular	plural
nominative	-ák	-áci
genitive	-áka	-ákov
dative	-ákovi	-ákom
accusative	-áka	-ákov
locative	-ákovi	-ákoch
instrumental	-ákom	-ákmi

Derived terms

Slovak terms suffixed with -ák

Related terms

• -iak (“alternative form of -ák after roots in a (historically) soft or palatalizeable consonant”)
• -áčka ~ -iačka
• -čiak ~ -čák
• -niak

Further reading

• Pauliny, Eugen - Ružička, Jozef - Štolc, Jozef (1968), Slovenská gramatika (in Slovak), 5th edition, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, pages 145-152
• -ák in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk