Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stakkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Per Kroonen (arguing for the controversial Kluge's law for Proto-Germanic -kk-) from earlier *stogʰ-nós,^[1] cognate with Ancient Greek στόχος, but unclear if he derives *stogʰ-nós from a Proto-Indo-European *stegʰ-. Per Pokorny et al. from PIE *(s)teg- (“beam, stake”) and cognate with Latin tignum ("tree trunk, beam ,log'), but not cognate with Ancient Greek στόχος. ^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstɑk.kɑz/

Noun

*stakkaz m

pile of hay; haystack

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *stakkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*stakkaz	stakkōz, stakkōs
vocative	*stakk	stakkōz, stakkōs
accusative	*stakką	*stakkanz
genitive	stakkas, stakkis	*stakkǫ̂
dative	*stakkai	*stakkamaz
instrumental	*stakkō	*stakkamiz

Descendants

Old Norse: stakkr
- Danish: stak
- Elfdalian: stakk
- Faroese: stakkur
- Old Swedish: stakker
  - Swedish: stack
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: stakk
- → Middle English: stak
  - English: stack
  - Scots: stack
→ Proto-Finnic: *takka (see there for further descendants)
→? Proto-Finnic: *sakna (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*stakka-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472
^ “stack, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19 November 2019.

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*stakka-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472

[2] “stack, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19 November 2019.

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