Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/granica

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

*grana, *granь (“branch; border”) +‎ *-ica.

Noun

*granìca f

border, boundary, limit, a line that separates things or areas
pedunculate oak (Quercus robur)
Hypernym: *dǫ̑bъ
sharp branch, sharp tip or twig of a plant, apex

Inflection

Declension of *granìca (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*granìca	*granìci	*granìcę̇
genitive	*granìcę̇	*granìcu	*granìcь
dative	*granìcī	*granìcama	*granìcāmъ
accusative	*granìcǫ	*granìci	*granìcę̇
instrumental	granìcējǫ, granìcǭ^*	*granìcama	*granìcāmī
locative	*granìcī	*granìcu	*granìcāsъ
vocative	*granìce	*granìci	*granìcę̇

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: граница (granica)
  - Belarusian: грані́ца (hraníca)
  - Russian: грани́ца (graníca)
  - Ukrainian: грани́ця (hranýcja)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: граница (granica)
- Bulgarian: гра́ница (gránica)
- Macedonian: граница (granica)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: гра̀ница
  
  Latin script: grànica
- Slovene: grȃnica (tonal orthography) (archaic)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hranicě
  - Czech: hranice
- Old Polish: granica, grańca
  - Polish: granica
  - Silesian: granica
  - → Middle High German: grenize, graniza
    - German: Grenze, Gränze
      - → Danish: grænse
      - → Norwegian Bokmål: grense
      - → Norwegian Nynorsk: grense
      - → Swedish: gräns
  - → Middle Low German: grense, grenitse
    - → Dutch: grens
  - → Latin: granicia
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: grańca
- Slovak: hranica
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: granica
  - Upper Sorbian: hranica

Non-Slavic:
→ Albanian: granë
→ Hungarian: gránic
→ Middle High German: grenitze, granizze (from Polish and/or Sorbian)
- German: Grenze
- Yiddish: גרענעץ (grenets)
→ Middle Low German: grensze (from Polish and/or Polabian)
- → Danish: grænse
- → Dutch: grens
- → Swedish: gräns
→ Romanian: graniță

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “граница”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Gluhak, Alemko (1993) “Proto-Slavic/granica”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik [Croatian Etymology Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 244
van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “grens”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*granica”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 106
Pokorny, Julius (1959) “440”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 440