ailid
Old Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *aleti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi. Cognate with Middle Welsh alu (“bear young”), Latin alō (“I feed, nourish”), Old English alan (“to nourish”).
The future stem has eb- extracted from reduplicated futures like ebarthi (“will grant it”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸrāti) and ·ebla¹ (“will drive”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸlāti) and reinterpreted as a future marker.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ailid (conjunct ·ail, verbal noun altram)
- to nourish
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
- is inse ṅduit; ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.
- it is impossible for you sg; it is not you that nourishes it, but it that nourishes you
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
- to rear, foster
Conjugation
[edit]Simple, class B I present, t preterite, a future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | ailit | ailtir | ||||||
| Conj. | ·ail | ·alar | |||||||
| Rel. | ailes | ailte | |||||||
| Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | alt | altae | ||||||
| Conj. | ·alt | ·altammar | ·altatar | ·alt | |||||
| Rel. | altae | ||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·n-ailt (nasalized relative) | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ebeltair | |||||||
| Conj. | ·ebla, ·ebela | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | ·ebelad | ·ebeltae | |||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·almais | ||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | altram | ||||||||
| Past participle | ailte, altae | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants
[edit]Mutation
[edit]| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| ailid (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-ailid |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 649; reprinted 2017
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ailid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Categories:
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish verbs
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish simple verbs
- Old Irish class B I present verbs
- Old Irish t preterite verbs
- Old Irish a future verbs
- Old Irish a subjunctive verbs