etiam

Interlingua

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin etiam.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe.tsjam/

Adverb

etiam

1. also, too

Latin

Alternative forms

• &̄ (abbreviation, Medieval Latin)

Etymology

Univerbation of et (“and, also”) +‎ iam (“now, already”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti.am/, [ˈɛt̪iä̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈet.t͡si.am/, [ˈɛt̪ː͡s̪iäm]

Adverb

etiam (not comparable)

1. (in general) and also, and furthermore, also, too, likewise, besides
   • Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, 4.2.

     Sed cui morbus est, idem etiam vitiosus est.

     But one is diseased is also at the same time defective.

2. (in particular):
   1. (to annex a more important idea) and even, nay, even
      1. (frequently after negative sentences, for immo or potius) nay, rather, even
      2. (frequently with comparatives for the sake of intensity, in later Latin replaced by adhūc) yet, still
      3. (rare) with an adjective in the comparative degree, in contrast with that adjective’s own positive degree
   2. (with the demonstrative notion of the iam predominating, used as an affirmative) certainly, granted, by all means, yes indeed, yes
   3. (with the idea of time predominating) yet, as yet, even yet, still, even now
      1. (with negatives) not yet, never yet
   4. (in familiar language, in interrogations, especially when made indignantly) akin to what? pray?
   5. (in familiar language, with imperatives) again, once more
      1. in impatient questions

Usage notes

Etiam annexes a fact or thought to that which has already been said.

Synonyms

• (in general: and also, too): quoque

Derived terms

• etiam atque etiam
• etiamdum
• etiamnum
• etiamnunc
• etiamsī
• etiamtum
• etiamtunc

 

Descendants

• Esperanto: eĉ
• Interlingua: etiam
• ⇒ Italian: eziandio (etiam + diū)

References

• “ĕtĭam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “etiam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• etiam in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • more than once; repeatedly: semel atque iterum; iterum ac saepius; identidem; etiam atque etiam
    
  • to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests: magno opere, vehementer, etiam atque etiam rogare aliquem
    
  • there is this also to notice: atque etiam hoc animadvertendum est
    
• etiam in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016