im-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "im"

English

Etymology 1

From Latin im-, assimilated form of in- used before b-/p-/m-.

Prefix

im-

Expressing negation; not.

Usage notes

Widely used in borrowings (from French and Latin). Somewhat productive (appended as prefix to existing English words).

Synonyms

(not): a-, an-, dys-, i-/il-/in-/ir-, mal-, non-, un-

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From em-, from Old French em-. Also from later Middle French im-, partly by confusion with im- of Latin origin (on which see above).

Prefix

im-

Alternative form of the prefix em-, itself variant of en-.

Usage notes

Both used in borrowings (from French and Latin), and productive (appended as prefix to existing English words), as in imbed, imbitter, imbody, imbosom, imbower, imbrown; and similarly impark.^[1]

Derived terms

References

^ Skeat, Walter W. (1882) An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Oxford.

Anagrams

MI, mi, mi.

Catalan

Prefix

im-

Form used before a root beginning with the letter b, m, or p of in-
‎im- + ‎perdible → ‎imperdible

Choctaw

Prefix

im- (before consonants i̱-, class III third-person)

the indirect object of an active transitive verb
to him, her, it or them; for him, her, it or them
the subject of an intransitive affective verb
he, she, it or they
the direct object of a small set of transitive verbs mostly dealing with affect, communication and intimacy
him, her, it or them
indicates possession of a noun
his, her, its or their

hattak imofi
the man's dog

Inflection

Choctaw Person Markers


			class I			class II		class III		class N		imperative
			+s	+C	+V	+C/i	+a/o	+C	+V	+C	+V	+C	+V
first-person	singular	initial	-li			sa-	si-	a̱-	am-	ak-		n/a
	singular	medial	-li			sa-	si-	-sa-	-sam-	ak-
	paucal		ī-		il-	pi-		pi̱-	pim-	kī-	kil-
	plural		ī-		il-	hapi-		hapi̱-	hapim-	kī-	kil-
second-person	singular		is-	ish-		chi-		chi̱-	chim-	chik-		∅
second-person	plural		has-	hash-		hachi-		hachi̱-	hachim-	hachik-		ho-	oh-
third-person			∅			∅		i̱-	im-	ik-

East Central German

Etymology

Compare German -um, English um-, Dutch om-, Swedish om-, Icelandic um-.

Prefix

im-

(Erzgebirgisch) round, round about
(Erzgebirgisch) repeatedly, over again, re-
(Erzgebirgisch) in another way
(Erzgebirgisch) to the ground, down, over

Derived terms

French

Etymology

From Latin in (“without”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛ̃/ (always before a b or p, sometimes before a mm)
IPA^(key): /im/ (sometimes before a m)
Audio: (file)

Prefix

im-

a form of the prefix in-, used before b, m and p

Derived terms

Anagrams

mi-

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish imm-, from Proto-Celtic *ambi-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi.

Prefix

im- (lenites except with m; becomes iom- before broad m)

about, around, peri-

Prefix

im- (intensive particle; lenites except with m; becomes iom- before broad consonant or vowel)

great, very

Derived terms

References

Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “im-”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Italian

Etymology

Assimilated form of in-, before b-/p-/m-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /im/
Hyphenation: im-

Prefix

im-

Alternative form of in-

Anagrams

-mi, MI, mi

Latin

Etymology

Assimilated form of in-, before b-/p-/m-.

Prefix

im-

Alternative form of in-

Northern Ndebele

Prefix

im-

Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.

Northern Ohlone

Alternative forms

em- (before syllables with open vowels)

Etymology

Compare Southern Ohlone men-.

Pronoun

im-

you, thou (second-person, singular, subject proclitic pronoun)

Pronoun

im-

your, thy (second-person, singular, possessive pronoun)

References

María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎^[2], Unpublished

Ojibwe

Prefix

im-

Alternative form of nim-

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin im-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /im/
Rhymes: -im
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
Homophone: im

Prefix

im-

im-, en-
‎im- + ‎moralizm → ‎immoralizm

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with im-

immoralista

immoralizm

immoralny

Portuguese

Prefix

im-

a form of the prefix in-, used before b and p

Spanish

Prefix

im-

a form of the prefix in-, used before b and p

Swazi

Prefix

im-

Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.

Xhosa

Prefix

im-

Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.

Zulu

Prefix

ím-

Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “im-, in-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “im-, in-”

[1] Skeat, Walter W. (1882) An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Oxford.

[1]

Number	Person	Subject			Object			Possessive
Number	Person	Disjunctive¹	Proclitic	Enclitic	Disjunctive¹	Proclitic	Enclitic	Possessive
Singular	First	kaana	ek-	-ek, -k	kiš, kaaniš	kiš-	-kiš	ek-, kaanak
	Second	meene	em-, im-	-em, -im, -m	miš	emiš-, imiš-, miš-	-miš	em-, meenem
	Third	waaka	Ø-²	-Ø²	wiš	Ø-², eš-	-Ø², -eš	i-, waakai-
Plural	First	makkin	mak-	-mak	makkiš, makkinše	—	—	mak-, makkinmak
	Second	makkam	kam-	-kam	makkamše	—	—	kam-, makkam
	Third	waakamak	ya-	-ya	yaṭiš	—	—	ya-, waakamak
¹Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek). ²Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used. Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle +‎ -eš +‎ -ek

	stem begins with...	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Consonants	p t k h ch m n s sh w y	ni-	gi-	o-
	d g ' j z zh	nin-
	b	nim-
Vowels	o	nindo-	gido-	odo-
	a aa e i	nind-	gid-	od-
	oo	n-	g-	od-
	ii	n-	g-	w-

English

Etymology 1

Prefix

Usage notes

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Prefix

Usage notes

Derived terms

References

Anagrams

Catalan

Prefix

Choctaw

Prefix

Inflection

East Central German

Etymology

Prefix

Derived terms

Further reading

French

Etymology

Pronunciation

Prefix

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Irish

Etymology

Prefix

Prefix

Derived terms

References

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Prefix

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology

Prefix

Northern Ndebele

Prefix

Northern Ohlone

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronoun

Pronoun

See also

References

Ojibwe

Prefix

See also

Polish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Prefix

Derived terms

Further reading

Portuguese

Prefix

Spanish

Prefix

Further reading

Swazi

Prefix

Xhosa

Prefix

Zulu

Prefix

References

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