jaga

See also: jagā and Jaga

English

Etymology

From Malay jaga (“to awake; to watch over”).

Pronunciation

• (Singapore) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒaɡa/, [ˈd͡ʒa˧.ɡa˦]

Verb

jaga (invariable)

1. (Manglish, Singlish) To keep watch, to watch over.
   • 2021 June 24, Jessica Heng, quoting Mr Kadir, “A Journey Through The Only HDB Estate In Siglap, The Lesser-known Dakota Crescent”, in ricemedia.co‎^[1], archived from the original on 9 September 2024:

     “Next to my shop, there was this auntie selling joss sticks and traditional Chinese items,” Mr Kadir said. “She would always help to jaga my shop when I need to go out, and when customers come she will help me to tell them to wait. After the work day finishes, she’ll always tell me to go home safely, I always remember that.”

   • 2023, Kristian-Marc James Paul, Myle Yan Tay, Mysara Aljaru, Brown is Redacted: Reflecting on Race in Singapore, Ethos Books, →ISBN:

     We sat around at the NLB after midnight and helped to jaga these migrant workers who were painting.

Noun

jaga

1. (Malaysia, Singapore) A guard or watchman.
   • 1965 February 25, “'Workers' fool jaga in $4,000 theft”, in The Straits Times, Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings Limited, page 8:

     The driver, holding a bunch of keys, approached the jaga, and told him that the kepala of the company, the Hock Lam Company, — in North Bridge Road, had sent him to collect some goods.

   • 2010, Peter Thompson, The Battle for Singapore: The True Story of the Greatest Catastrophe of World War II, Little, Brown Book Group, →ISBN:

     At the boarding house, the jaga — nightwatchman — hurriedly turned on all the lights so that everyone could see what was happening.

   • 2020, Irene Lim, 90 Years in Singapore, Pagesetters Services Pte Ltd, →ISBN:

     The Oldham Lane home was a big flat with an office below us and Oldham Hall up the hill. An Indian jaga slept outside the office on his charpoy (rope bed) and he cooked in the open.

Baba Malay

Etymology

From Malay jaga.

Verb

jaga

1. to be on guard; to be vigilant
2. to be awake

Adjective

jaga

1. on guard; vigilant
2. awake

Further reading

• Baba Malay Dictionary

Balinese

Romanization

jaga

1. Romanization of ᬚᬕ

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse jaga, from Middle Low German jāgen, from Old Saxon *jagōn, from Proto-West Germanic *jagōn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjeːa/

Verb

jaga (third person singular past indicative jagaði, third person plural past indicative jagað, supine jagað)

1. to hunt

Conjugation

Conjugation of jaga (group v-30)
infinitive	jaga
supine	jagað
participle (a6)1	jagandi	jagaður
	present	past
first singular	jagi	jagaði
second singular	jagar	jagaði
third singular	jagar	jagaði
plural	jaga	jagaðu
	imperative
singular	jaga!
plural	jagið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• djaga (van Ophuijsen (1901–1947), Republik/Soewandi (1947–1972))

Etymology

From Malay jaga, from Classical Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.ɡa/
• Hyphenation: ja‧ga
• Rhymes: -aɡa, -a

Verb

jaga

1. to awake
2. to watch over

   Synonym: awas (Sumatra)

Derived terms

• berjaga
• berjaga-jaga
• dijaga
• dijagakan
• jagaan
• jagakan
• menjaga
• menjagakan
• penjaga
• penjagaan
• terjaga

 

Further reading

• “jaga” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Romanization

jaga

1. Romanization of ꦗꦒ

Malay

Etymology

From Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ).

Verb

jaga (Jawi spelling جاݢ)

1. to awake
2. to watch over

Derived terms

• dijaga
• dijagakan
• jagaan
• jagakan
• menjaga
• menjagakan
• penjaga
• penjagaan
• terjaga

 

Descendants

• Baba Malay: jaga
• Indonesian: jaga
• → Tagalog: alaga (“to take care”)
• → Malagasy: zaha (“to investigate”)
• → Min Nan: 若呀 (jia̍k-gâ)
• → Pattani Malay: جاݢاوْ / ยฺากฺอ (jagɔ)
• → Tausug: jaga
• → Ternate: jaga

Further reading

• “jaga” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• jaget
• jagde (simple past)
• jog (simple past)
• jagd (past participle)

Verb

jaga

1. inflection of jage:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• jage

Etymology

From Old Norse jaga, from Middle Low German jagen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²jɑːɡɑ/

Verb

jaga (present tense jagar, past tense jaga, past participle jaga, passive infinitive jagast, present participle jagande, imperative jaga/jag)

1. to hunt, chase

Further reading

• “jaga” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Javanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ). Doublet of jāgra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -ɡa
• Hyphenation: ja‧ga

Adjective

jaga

1. watchful, vigilant, cautious

Noun

jaga

1. what or who is coming, expected

Derived terms

• ajaga
• ajaga-jaga
• añjaga
• añjagani
• jaga-jaga
• kajagan
• makajaga

 

• jaga bela
• jaga cacahan
• jaga dami
• jaga krama
• jaga śatru
• jinaga dami
• silih jaga
• wĕḍihan jaga

 

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦗꦒ (jaga)
• → Balinese: ᬚᬕ (jaga)

Further reading

• "jaga" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Romani

Noun

jaga

1. nominative/accusative plural of jag

Spanish

Verb

jaga

1. inflection of jacer:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Swedish

Etymology

From Late Old Swedish iagha, from Early Old Swedish iægha, from Old Norse jaga, from Middle Low German jāgen, from Old Saxon *jagōn, from Proto-West Germanic *jagōn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɑːˌɡa/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

jaga (present jagar, preterite jagade, supine jagat, imperative jaga)

1. to chase (pursue)

   Han jagade honom genom skogen ― He chased him through the forest

2. to hunt (prey)

   De jagade ren ― They were hunting reindeer

Conjugation

Conjugation of jaga (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	jaga		jagas
Supine	jagat		jagats
Imperative	jaga		—
Imper. plural1	jagen		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	jagar	jagade	jagas	jagades
Ind. plural1	jaga	jagade	jagas	jagades
Subjunctive2	jage	jagade	jages	jagades
	Participles
Present participle	jagande
Past participle	jagad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

See also

• förjaga
• injaga
• jägare
• jagare
• jakt
• uppjaga

Further reading

• jaga in Svensk ordbok.

Tausug

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ).

Pronunciation

• (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaɡa/ [d͡ʒaˈɣɑ]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: ja‧ga

Noun

jaga

1. guard, watchman; mourner

Verb

jaga

1. to watch, to be on watch, to beware, to be on guard

Derived terms

• majaga

Ternate

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈd͡ʒa.ɡa]

Noun

jaga

1. a tree branch

Etymology 2

From Classical Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ). The adverbial sense is likely derived from an association of vigilance with guarding.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈd͡ʒa.ɡa]

Verb

jaga

1. (transitive) to guard, to keep guard

Conjugation

Conjugation of jaga
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	tojaga	fojaga	mijaga
2nd	nojaga	nijaga
3rd	Masculine	ojaga	ijaga, yojaga†
Feminine	mojaga
Neuter	ijaga
† - archaic

Adverb

jaga

1. often

   ngori rioru jaga cumu ― my stomach often hurts

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh